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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Mkmcconn (talk | contribs) at 22:11, 25 March 2003 (help toward a "protestant" portrait). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Deletion Log

Err, maybe I am being a pain, but I vote to remove the image of JC. No one is sure what he really looked like (personally I believe he had curly black hair), and some people have suggested that conventional images of Jesus have been used as tools of racism. I do think that an article on Images of Jesus, with some serious discussion of art history and how changing depictions of Jesus reflect changing ideas about Jesus, would be very valuable -- and that article could inlude the current image as well as other perhaps more famous images from icons, da Vinci, etc... Slrubenstein

A vote more for removing the image and another vote for a separate article, which would be really interesting. G
I agree as well. That could easily be its own article. What about the picture at Mary, the mother of Jesus? In fact, most religious art should probably be separated from articles on the religious subject, if only because of Neutral Point of View; any depiction of this sort reflects an underlying theology or belief about the person portrayed, and these sorts of things should of course be acknowledged and discussed, not ignored or presumed. Wesley 22:25 Jan 9, 2003 (UTC)
Another vote to move the image to a separate article. Mkmcconn
Count me for the move too. --FvdP

I've removed the image from this page. If somebody wants to start on Images of Jesus (which I agree would be fascinating, but far too much like hard work for me to take on), the link is Image:Jesus1.jpg --Camembert

http://www.guardian.co.uk/religion/Story/0,2763,869359,00.html Comments? // Liftarn

The story appears to suggest that some sort of cannabis derivative was used by Jesus and his disciples when they annointed people with oil, and that this was the cause of the healings. It also claims that this particular sort of oil was commonly used in Judaism at the time... which if true, would mean a lot of other people would have been accomplishing the same healings, and it would have done little to advance Jesus' or anyone else's claims to be a unique messiah. In any case, the article seems to be more aimed at justifying the recreational use of cannabis today, then to really say anything substantive about Jesus Christ or the history of early Christianity. Wesley

http://www.cannabisculture.com/articles/1949.html - is an article about a book by the same guy. I think an article on Chris Bennet's theories could find a place in wikipedia. If anyone wants to go read his book and write such an article, do go ahead... :) Martin

Well, we have an article on pseudoscience, why not an article on pseudohistory? Or do you just want to flat out call this "myth" -- the use of an historical narrative for contemporary political purposes? If the article from the Guardian is any indication, the whole thing is BS; or to be charitable an example of schizmogenesis: when anti-cannibis people start using stupid arguments to support their cause, pro-cannibis people respond with their own stupid arguments. Actually, this is a pretty intersting phenomena. Still, it is time to move it off of this page! Slrubenstein

Why is this article empty? Anyway, I suggest redirecting Jesus Christ to Jesus. Muslims, a large and recognized religion that reveres Jesus since 500 CE or so, don't consider him a "Christ". The title, Jesus Christ, seems to me, therefore, to be definitely POV.

I respect the intention here, but frankly, I do not think it is a big issue. To me, "Christ" is a title that has meaning to Christians, and if I refer to "Christ" it is not because he is my messiah, but because I recognize that people are still talking about him only because so many people think he was the messaih. Look at it this way: I refer to Queen Elizabeth as Queen Elizabeth, although she sure as hell isn't my queen or sovereign, Slrubenstein
Umm, it wasn't. Did it appear empty for some reason? Very weird... Martin


Was it really necessary or helpful to remove the paragraph about the Virgin Birth? Wikipedia is not paper, and there's generally no harm done in duplicating information. Wesley

Brevity.
No, seriously. The article is already quite long, and while the various translations of Greek and Hebrew and suchlike are interesting, I don't think they're central to the Christian account of Jesus. Martin
Maybe not central, but no less important than a good deal of the other information included in the article. It is one of the central differences between Judaism and Christianity. Wesley

In the Historicity section, it mentions "The Infancy Gospel". I can think of at least two: the Infancy Gospel of James and the Infancy Gospel of Thomas, which I assume is different than the Gospel of Thomas. Which is meant here? Wesley 22:26 Mar 3, 2003 (UTC)

Don't know which is intended, perhaps the Infancy Gospel of Thomas, which has no relation to the Gospel of Thomas. Some of the historicity material needs refactoring, though, since it is now mentioned in the Sources section. SCCarlson 05:00 Mar 4, 2003 (UTC)

I think we need a discussion and hopefully a consensus on the birth and death dates of Jesus, not just for this article before for scores of others in Wikipedia. H. W. Hoehner in his article in the Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels places the birth year at 5/4 BC and the year of death at AD 33. I like to know people's other sources are and what they say. SCCarlson 04:52 Mar 11, 2003 (UTC)

Nothing specific from me except 4 BC is the date that I was taught in school and is the date that most encyclopedias cite. IIRC my Sunday school teacher taught that the big J died when he was 32 so your above range looks odd. --mav

It can be justly considered POV on my part but, I have a problem with pictures of Jesus in an article that is supposed to provide "neutral" information about him. Mkmcconn 17:15 Mar 24, 2003 (UTC)

These images don't say this is him, merely that this is a widely used one. It is clearly categorised to indicate which branch of christianity use this image. It does not suggest this is him, just that this is how billions of christians see him as. Just because we have no definitive image is no justification for not using some image. We don't have a live picture of George Washington, Elizabeth I, Napoleon, St. Peter, all popes before Pius IX, all US presidents before the 1850s, the Irish Famine, the Black Death, etc. but sourcebooks, textbooks, etc still use drawings, paintings, representations, etc. Sometimes we have images made during their lifetime. In many cases, we have artworks that are pure speculation.

One problem with many articles on wiki is that we have few images. We have vast texts which as anyone who has ever laid out a page in a publication knows are an instant turnoff to readers. Creating a reader-friendly layout involves using headings, definitions, a reader-friendly typeset and images that break up the text and give a context. All this image does is remind people that this man had a facey. It reminds people that most christian religions have images of him which they use in their churches and prayer-houses. It contextualises this image by saying which branch of christianity it comes from. There is nothing to stop people adding in alternative images of Christ from Orthodox soures, various protestant sources, etc. Creating a special images of Christ page would run contrary to the basic rule of laying out main text pages, which is always if at all possible use images in the text to break up the text and make it more userfriendly. This image (and the others used) just happen to be from a website with states its images are free of copyright and are free to be used in any context. But I find the argument that in a page on Jesus Christ you should not use images of Jesus Christ strange. STÓD/ÉÍRE 21:31 Mar 24, 2003 (UTC)

Please calm down JT. It is not "absurd in the extreme" to suggest the number and content of the images on this page is excessive. Each of the images is not, as you say, an image of JC - they are only interpretations of how certain artists thought he looked like (all following a common set of themes). These images were created for religious purposes and advancing a religious purpose was the goal of the artists and religious institutions that commissioned the work (they are designed to evoke certain emotions in the viewers – this is highly POV). Also, more current historical and ethnological evidence casts serious doubts on the popular picture of how JC looked. For example, the skin color is too light, the hair too straight, the face too long, and the nose is both too long and thin. Now an image showing what experts think JC might have looked like would be far more appropriate - esp since the whole purpose of having images of people is to illustrate how the person looked. Therefore the images are only tangentially associated to the subject of this article - JC. The popular depiction of JC in art is another subject. As it is, this article gives a strong religious-focused impression that is not in conformance with our NPOV policy. There is also a technical issue that the number of images in this article is not at all friendly to people with dial-up modems. In short most, if not all, of the current images should be removed. --mav
I'm just suggesting that there are all sorts of ethnological, aesthetic and religious arguments that can be avoided if images are not used. Personally, I think that the images chosen are more than a tad too sentimental for my taste. And, besides, I'm not sure that "traditional" is the right label to apply to Rennaissance and Romantic portraits of a blond Jesus. If your intention is to portray "tradition", St. Luke's icon of Christ is widely admired, how about using that instead (if my taste matters in this regard)? Anyway, I'm not going to delete these images; but I am understating my dislike for them, and that's regrettable if the article evokes such an immediate subjective response, even before it is read. Mkmcconn 00:27 Mar 25, 2003 (UTC)

I disagree. All the images say is - this is how some religious believers in Jesus Christ perceive him, not this is how he looked. In addition, these images have been used for centuries, which is by definition tradition. That does not mean they are right or wrong images, just that they have been used for centuries, hence they are traditional images. As to dial-up modems, I'm on a dial-up modem & it caused no problems. Nor did it cause any problems on another person's computer when I used a dial-up modem there earlier tonight. If you want a problem, look at articles with vast amounts of text and no images. As anyone who has ever laid out a document knows, that is something you should never do, not for a general readership (academic texts are another matter). Visually contextualising an article is a basic rule of laying out text, because it makes the text more visually friendly.

I think it is irrelevant that Christ didn't look as these images suggest. For a start there is no image anywhere of how he looked. Most pictures of Queen Elizabeth I are doctored. Many middle-ages images of monarchs are false. Many images of modern film stars are phoney. (I can think of one top actress whose face looks like the surface of the moon but with proper makeup, lighting and severely doctored pictures, she is made to look like one of the great Hollywood beauties.) Billions of christians across the denominations perceive Christ as in these pictures. It would be absurd for wiki to say that it will only show real likenesses; does that mean that wiki will only carry images of George Burns and Frank Sinatra if they show them minus their toupees? George Hamilton without the hair-dye? Princess Diana before her nose job? We are dealing with a figure who has been represented in the forms shown for two millenia. You can't simply say 'sorry, billions of people, your images of Christ are wrong therefore we won't show images you use on wikipedia'. You can say in the article 'of course Christ didn't actually look as christian art suggested.' But we don't know how he looked. We do however know how billions, albeit wrongly perceive him to have looked.

Of course art is generates up emotions. Are you saying then that art shouldn't be on wiki pages, other than those devoted to art? I think that is preposterous. If they had captions that said 'Jesus Christ', 'Jesus's birth', 'Jesus on the Cross' etc then you would be right to complain. But they very deliberately don't. They have NPOV captions - a Greek Orthodox Icon of Christ, a Catholic image of Christ. A traditional image of the Nativity, etc. The captions do not say these are accurate images, just commonly used images to illustrate the stories in Christ's life. The captions form no judgments as to the accuracy of the pictures and doesn't ask the reader to do so. All they do is visually highlight common impressions about Christ. You are talking about the crucifixion - here's a common image used of the crucifixion. Christ's birth in Bethlehem - here's a common image used by billions of people of that event. And here is how Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox believers perceive Christ. They do nothing more than highlight commonly held perceptions. They form no judgments, express no opinions, give no analysis. All they do is use commonly held images with deliberately neutral POV captions to make a long article less daunting and more user-friendly. And I simply do not for the life of me see what the problem is or how there could be a problem. STÓD/ÉÍRE 02:35 Mar 25, 2003 (UTC)

I think having pictures is a good idea, but given the fact that we can only present a small number of images, we need to make sure that the images do not favor one POV over another; we need to make sure that images are not used to push someone's POV. For instance, see the Rachel Corrie article, which certain people tried to use to create a cyber-shrine to one individual, effectively violating Wikipedia's NPOV policy. (No one makes such cyber-shrines for Jewish, Hindu or Buddhist victims of terrorism. Why did Rachel Corrie deserve more space in this encyclopedia that most serious historical topics? Hmm...sounds like POV pushing.) RK
In this case, mainstream Christianity has always held that it is permissible to make pictures of Jesus, and historically we see that the use of Jesus in art is a big part of Christianity. Since we can only have a few images per article (otherwise they will be too slow to load for most people, and waste bandwidth) we need to maintain NPOV. Solution: Give a few popular images of Jesus that are accepted as valid by large Christian denominations, and then explain this topic new section: We need a serious new section on Jesus in Art, or Christianity in Art or something like that. We could explain the development of how Christian artists portrayed Jesus in different times and places. BTW, the early pictures showed him without a beard. In regards to beards, I wonder what the general practice of Jews in this era was? (I have no idea.) RK

A fair point, RK. I chose the images of the nativity, death and resurrection because they tend to be commonly accepted aspects of christ's life, rather than images that are specifically identifiable with one faith. As to the two earlier pictures, I captioned them to highlight that they are the views of specific branches of christianity (Greek Orthodox and Roman Catholic), rather than implying they were acepted by all christians. There were other images available which I judged too denominational to use, such as of the Last Supper, which different faiths interpret differently, etc. But his birth, crucifixion and resurrection seemed sufficiently non-denominational. (I even made a point of not choosing a crucifixion scene that had Mary in it, for fear of it being perceived as overly Roman Catholic, given that church's particular 'devotion' to Mary.) STÓD/ÉÍRE 02:35 Mar 25, 2003 (UTC)

We seem to be rehashng an old argument -- I agree with everyone above except JTDIRL. The representation of Jesus Christ in art is a very complex issue and deserves its own article; conversely, to include images here would require too much tangential discussion on art history. Put it in another article. Slrubenstein

Number 1: If you read RK's comments you'd see that he too believed there should be some images used in this article. The issue is simply which ones.
Number 2: to include images here would require too much tangential discussion on art history. T Explain. STÓD/ÉÍRE 05:00 Mar 25, 2003 (UTC)

JT, please don't insult other contributors. There is also no reason to add hyperbole to your arguments if you truly think they are can stand on their own. This isn't the first time I've asked you to be nice, BTW. After reading your above comment about a postion Slrubenstein and I hold, I do not at all feel like contributing to Wikipedia today. At least I'll get some extra sleep. --mav
This is an article on Jesus Christ. It tries -- as it should -- to distinguish between what most scholars agree on about Jesus as an historical figure, versus what they do not, versus his (His) meaning for various religious communities -- this is a complex issue that requires some nuanced presentations of how critical and religious scholars read texts. Images are texts too, and the process of reading them is no les complicated than reading a written text. No one on this page claims that an image could innocently "represent" Jesus -- the implication is that ay image reflects an artist's conception of Jesus in a particular period, as a well as a tradition of how people have experienced that image. An encyclopedia has an obligation to represent scholarship, and believe me, there is considerable scholarship on this matter. I think we obviously cannot include one image or two or three to represent "Jesus;" including any images must be to represent changing ways of imagining Jesus. To do this well -- we ll want to do well, don't we? This is a serious project, isn't it? -- we should provide as many major examples of changing images, as well as a good discussion of how these images have ben read. I just think this would be more appropriate to another article; if we did it here too many servers are too slow and it will screw people up. Slrubenstein
Just to add another opinion to the mix: I think the first two images work quite well for the article. They are varied enough to show that there is no fixed view and having images from different denominations evens out the POV. The other images don't feel quite right to me, somehow showing images of the crucifixion and nativity seems to be making too much of a statement. I agree they would be better as part of a "Jesus in art" article.
Using the first two images would give versions from two of the three main branches of Christianity, how about using them plus a traditional image from a Protestant denomination? -- sannse 09:14 Mar 25, 2003 (UTC)
I have been searching for a protestant image but so far I have not been able to find one. I agree the article should feature one. STÓD/ÉÍRE
Is there's really any such thing? Although there are certainly Protestants who have created images of Jesus, I'm not sure that that there is a "protestant tradition" of religious art, or of Jesus-portraiture. Roman Catholic and eastern orthodox art, backward from the 17th century, is the tradition in which Protestants partially share. As I say that, I can think of a few works that have a distinctly Protestant point of view - but, I'm not sure that this constitutes a tradition which Protestants of various and all stripes would recognize if they saw it. Mkmcconn
I was vaguely thinking of the images in stained-glass windows in churches. Would an image from one of them be suitable? I know there isn't the same tradition of religious art as in the Catholic and Orthodox churches. -- sannse 18:15 Mar 25, 2003 (UTC)

If there are going to be pictures shown, I like seeing pictures from the various traditions, personally. Would it be possible to give the year or at least the century that each one is believed to be from? Also, regarding the captions that say the picture is "traditional", it would really be appropriate to identify the tradition you're talking about; they're certainly not traditional Orthodox icons.

Regarding the Greek Orthodox icon, I have some technical nits to pick. It appears that it has been cropped on all sides, and thereby distorted. In the upper left, there ought to be a large "I" with a circumflex over it, to match the "X" in the upper right corner; the initials I.X. signifiy Jesus Christ in Greek. His right hand is mostly visible, but his left hand should be holding a book, either open or closed, but it has been entirely cropped. If that were shown, it would be possible to identify the proper title for the icon, and the book itself is really part of the icon and is part of what it is meant to communicate. (Typically it represents the Gospel or the Law and Gospel if open (not entirely sure which), or the Book of Life if closed.) In Orthodoxy, icons are written as carefully as any doctrinal treatise; cropping it and presenting it as Orthodox is almost like omitting a paragraph from one of the creeds. Wesley 17:59 Mar 25, 2003 (UTC)

It is a fair point. Unfortunately it was already cropped to lose these elements before I found it. I cropped it to make it the same scale as the picture of the Sacred Heart. If anyone can find a better full icon, by all means use it.

I think the other pictures are useful because they are associated in general with christian imagery. If they are not used in orthodox churches, perhaps they should be described as traditional western christian images. The nativity scene, for example, is used in millions of christmas cards. I do disagree with Sirubenstrein. Yes encyclopædias need to be encyclopædic. But all encyclopædias use general images like these to create a visually attractive page. They do not treat such images as themselves encyclopædic - I know, I have designed a page on Christ for one major encyclopædia and they specifically requested images like these, ones that weren't official artwork associated with one faith (eg, famous catholic mosaics, etc) but were generic images of the life of Christ, as believed in across the denominations. These images are non-denominational; I deliberately left out any pictures that did have denominational content, such as showing Mary at the foot of the cross, pentecost, the Last Supper, etc. If they are to big for some servers (though I am on an exceptionally slow one and have no difficulty) they can always be cropped or made smaller. But I think as a matter of design principle, I think it is crucial that some images be used to contextualise the page. I think it would be left pretty unfriendly reader-wise without some images. Yes there should be a page on christian artwork, but given that Christ's image is the most copied one in history, it makes no sense not to use some images on the page itself. STÓD/ÉÍRE 21:12 Mar 25, 2003 (UTC)

If you are looking for "protestant" images, then I suppose you're looking for something like Rembrandt's Christ. Protestantism turned sharply away from the liturgical and devotional use of portraits. Mkmcconn
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