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March for Science
Part of Protests against Donald Trump
Logo
DateApril 22, 2017
Location
Worldwide
Caused byDonald Trump administration's views on climate change and science
The misrepresentation and exclusion of scientific knowledge in policy decisions
MethodsProtest march
Lead figures
Co-chairs
  • Caroline Weinberg
  • Valorie Aquino
  • Jonathan Berman[1]
Number
Hundreds of thousands[3] (Global)
www.marchforscience.com

The March for Science (formerly known as the Scientists' March on Washington)[4] was a series of rallies and marches held in Washington, D.C., and more than 600 other cities across the world on Earth Day, April 22, 2017.[5][6][7] According to organizers, the march is a non-partisan movement to celebrate science and the role it plays in everyday lives.[8] The goals of the marches and rallies were to emphasize that science upholds the common good and to call for evidence-based policy in the public's best interest.[7][9]

The March for Science organizers and supporters say that support for science should be nonpartisan.[10][11][12] The march is being organized by scientists skeptical of the agenda of the Trump administration,[11] and critical of Trump administration policies widely viewed as hostile to science.[13] The march's website states that an "American government that ignores science to pursue ideological agendas endangers the world."[10][11]

Particular issues of science policy raised by the marchers include support for evidence-based policymaking,[13] as well as support for government funding for scientific research, government transparency, and government acceptance of the scientific consensus on climate change and evolution.[10][11] The march is part of growing political activity by American scientists in the wake of the November 2016 elections and the 2017 Women's March.[13][12][14]

Robert N. Proctor, a historian of science at Stanford University, stated that the March for Science was "pretty unprecedented in terms of the scale and breadth of the scientific community that's involved" and was rooted in "a broader perception of a massive attack on sacred notions of truth that are sacred to the scientific community."[15]

Background

Founding Fathers and past presidents

Several Founding Fathers of the United States had an interest in science. Benjamin Franklin was a scientist with his foundational discoveries on electricity.[16] "Like Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, James Madison, and George Washington were all avid students of the natural and physical world."[17]

A number of later presidents had interests in science and promoted pro-science policies; these include Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush[18] George W. Bush and Barack Obama.[19][20] A 2010 editorial in the scientific journal Nature warned of "a growing anti-science streak on the American right" and argued that the rising trend threatened the country's future, which "crucially depends on education, science and technology."[21][22] Writing in the Scientific American, Shawn Lawrence Otto, author of The War On Science,[23] wrote: "It is hard to know exactly when it became acceptable for U.S. politicians to be antiscience."[24]

Donald Trump

As a candidate in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, Donald Trump referred to climate change as a hoax.[25] He also promised to resume construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline and roll back U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations adopted by the Obama administration.[26]

After Trump's election, his transition team sought out specific U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) employees who had worked on climate change during the Obama administration.[27] Prior to Trump's inauguration, many climate scientists began downloading climate data from government websites that they feared might be deleted by the Trump administration.[28] Other actions taken or promised by the Trump administration inspired the march, including pulling out of the Paris Agreement,[25] the stances of his Cabinet nominees, the freezing of research grants,[29] and a gag order placed on scientists in the EPA regarding dissemination of their research findings.[1][30][31] In February 2017, William Happer, a possible Trump science advisor with skeptical views on human caused global warming, described an area of climate science as "really more like a cult" and its practitioners "glassy-eyed".[32] ScienceInsider reported Trump's first budget request as "A grim budget day for U.S. science" because it contained major funding cuts to NOAA's research and satellite programs, the EPA's Office of Research and Development, the DOE's Office of Science and energy programs, the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Institutes of Health, and other science agencies.[33]

Planning

Bill Nye

The idea to create a march was inspired by the 2017 Women's March of January 21, 2017, and originated from a discussion in Reddit.[1][34] The organization created a Facebook group, which grew from 200 members to 300,000 in less than a week.[35][34] Individual scientists have both applauded and criticized this development.[36]

It was announced on March 30 that Bill Nye, Mona Hanna-Attisha, and Lydia Villa-Komaroff would headline the march, and serve as honorary co-chairs.[2] The protest was set to occur on Earth Day,[37] with satellite rallies planned in hundreds of cities across the world.[5]

During the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) annual meeting in Boston, scientists held the "Rally to Stand Up for Science" at Copley Square on February 19.[38][39] Before April, enthusiasts found existing knitting patterns for a hat shaped like a brain and proposed it as a symbol of solidarity for the march in analogy with the pussyhat project.[40]

Participation

Main march in Washington

The main march in Washington, D.C. drew around 40,000 people[41] who proceeded to the National Mall where scientists and others discussed their work and the importance of evidence-based policy.[42] Speakers included Questlove, Dan Abrams and Bill Foster.[43] The number of independent marches was estimated at more than 600.[44]

Other marches in the United States

City State Approximate attendance Notes
Los Angeles California 50,000[45] The march went from Pershing Square to City Hall with speeches by Lucy Jones, Tom Steyer and Allison Schroeder beginning at noon.[46]
New York New York Tens of thousands[47] Amidst rainstorms, thousands gathered in midtown Manhattan on Broadway from 59th Street to Times Square, calling upon Trump "to reconsider proposed government budget cuts that could affect the future of the field."[48]
Chicago Illinois 40,000[49] Police requested that people stop arriving when the event drew more participants than expected.[49]
Dallas Texas The march went from Dallas City Hall and ended at Fair Park.[50]
Philadelphia Pennsylvania 20,000[51]
San Francisco California 15,000[52] An "enthusiastic and peaceful crowd" gathered at Justin Herman Plaza, where scientists addressed the crowd before a march up Market Street to Civic Center, where activities and events were held.[53]
San Diego California 15,000[54] Demonstrators marched from Civic Center to Waterfront Park holding a wide variety of signs. Climatologist Ralph Keeling of the UC San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography spoke to the crowd.[54]
Sacramento California 10,000-15,000[55]
Ann Arbor Michigan 10,000-15,000[56] Thousands rallied on the Diag at the University of Michigan.[56]
St. Paul Minnesota 10,000[57] The march proceeded from Cathedral Hill Park to the Minnesota State Capitol.[57]
Cleveland Ohio 10,000+[58] The rally took place in Public Square in downtown Cleveland. "No immediate crowd estimates were available, but the crowd appeared to be as large as the one here for January's Women's March, which drew 15,000. Late in the day, city event planners estimated that 10,000 participated."[58]
San Jose California 10,000[52] The March for Science Silicon Valley[59][60] left San Jose City Hall and traveled to Plaza de César Chávez, where Stanford University biophysicist and Nobel laureate William Moerner, neuroscientist and actress Mayim Bialik, U.S. Representative Zoe Lofgren and others spoke.[52][61][62]
Madison Wisconsin 4,000-5,000[63] March ended at the University of Wisconsin–Madison's Library Mall. Speakers included chemistry professor Bassam Shakhashiri and Tia Nelson, daughter of Earth Day founder Gaylord Nelson.[64] Madison also held its Climate March the same day.[65]
Corvallis Oregon 4,000-5,000[66] An estimated 4,000 to 5,000 people participated in the event...[66]
Santa Cruz California 4,000[52]
Albuquerque New Mexico 4,000[67] About 4,000 science supporters gathered at Civic Plaza; scientists from the University of New Mexico, Los Alamos National Laboratory and Nature Conservancy spoke at the event.[67]
Tallahassee Florida 4,000+[68][69] More than 4,000 people marched from Railroad Square to the Old Florida Capitol. Florida State University oceanography professor Jeff Chanton and others spoke.[68][69]
Nashville Tennessee 4,000[70] Some 4,000 people turned out for the March for Science and Climate, held in downtown Nashville's Legislative Plaza.[70]
Des Moines Iowa 3,000[71] The demonstration took place at the Iowa State Capitol.[71]
Detroit Michigan 3,000[72] Thousands joined the March for Science Detroit at Hart Plaza.[72]
Columbus Ohio 2,000[73]-3,000[74] Thousands rallied at the Ohio Statehouse, followed by a march to Columbus Commons where other events were held.[74]
Anchorage Alaska 2,000[75]
Oklahoma City Oklahoma 2,000[76]
Asheville North Carolina 2,000[77] The march started at Aston Park and continued to the Vance Monument.[77]
Eugene Oregon 2,000[78] Participants rallied at the campus of the University of Oregon in Eugene before marching to the federal courthouse. U.S. Representative Peter DeFazio spoke.[78]
Milwaukee Wisconsin 2,000[79] Rally participants gathered at Red Arrow Park and marched in downtown Milwaukee. In addition to the Trump administration's proposed cuts to science and research, rally participants also expressed opposition to the administration's proposals to cut the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative from from the federal budget.[79]
Buffalo New York 2,000[80] An estimated 2,000 people marched from Soldier Circle to Delaware Park.[80]
Boston Massachusetts Thousands[81] Held on Boston Common on a rainy day, speakers included former EPA director Gina McCarthy, who warned that EPA budget cuts "could roll back progress on our air and water quality that could weaken health protections for millions of Americans," and George M. Church of Harvard and MIT.[82] Several thousand people attended.[81]
Seattle Washington Thousands[83] Thousands marched from Cal Anderson Park in the Capitol Hill neighborhood to Seattle Center.[83] Biochemist and University of Washington professor emeritus Eddy Fischer, the winner of the 1992 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, attended.[84]
Austin Texas Thousands[85] Thousands gathered on the south lawn of the Texas Capitol, beginning the event with teach-ins.[85]
Atlanta Georgia Thousands[86] Thousands gathered at Candler Park.[86]
Albany New York Thousands[87] Thousands gathered at West Capitol Park in front of the New York State Capitol.[87]
Portland Oregon Thousands[88] Thousands of demonstrators, including many young families, turned out to the Tom McCall Waterfront Park for Portland's March for Science rally. U.S. Representatives Suzanne Bonamici and Earl Blumenauer, among others, addressed the crowd.[88]
Denver Colorado Thousands[89] Thousands of scientists, teachers, students and supporters of science from cities across Colorado participated.[89]
Salt Lake City Utah Thousands[90] Several thousand people marched in Salt Lake City, gathering at City Creek Park and walking to the Utah State Capitol.[90] Nobel laureate Mario Capecchi, a professor at the University of Utah, addressed the crowd.[91][91] Rallies were also held at four other cities in Utah: Logan, Moab, Park City, and Saint George.[91]
Orlando Florida Thousands[92] Thousands marched through Lake Eola Park. Orlando Mayor Buddy Dyer attended.[92]
Rochester New York 1,800+[93]
Huntsville Alabama 1,100[94] The march ended at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center.[94]
Gainesville Florida 1,000+[95]
Monterey California 1,000+[96]
Miami Florida 1,000+[97] More than a thousand people rallied at Museum Park, where a number of speakers addressed the crowd.[97]
Portland Maine 1,000[98]
Chattanooga Tennessee 1,000[99] Around a thousand people gathered in Chattanooga's Main Terrain Art Park to show support for science and oppose the Trump administration's proposed cuts to science research.
Reno Nevada 1,000[100]
Boise Idaho 1,000[101]
Omaha Nebraska 1,000[102] A thousand marchers walked from Elmwood Park to Aksarben Village.[102]
Honolulu Hawaii Nearly 1,000[103] Marchers walked from the University of Hawaiʻi to Stadium Park, and back.[104]
Trenton New Jersey Nearly 1,000[105] Marchers walked from Trenton War Memorial to the New Jersey State House Annex, calling for environmental protection and climate change action.[105]
Colorado Springs Colorado 800-1000[106] Demonstrators gathered outside Colorado Springs City Hall in favor of science and opposed to anti-intellectualism and climate change denial.[106]
Morgantown West Virginia 500[107] About 500 people gathered outside West Virginia University's Woodburn Hall before the march.[107]
Iowa City Iowa 400[108] Several East Iowans spoke at the Pentacrest before a march through downtown Iowa City took place.[108]
Cedar Falls Iowa 300[109] The march and rally took place at Overman Park with Senator David Johnson as the first speaker.[109]
Livermore California 300-400[52] Participants gathered at Livermore High School.[52]
Geneva Illinois 300[110] The march started at Geneva train station and ended at Island Park. Attendance was noted to be higher than expected.[110]
New Orleans Louisiana Hundreds[111] Hundreds gathered at New Orleans City Hall, including a "sizable contingent" of scientists belonging to the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA), which was holding its annual conference in the city.[111] The AAPA had canceled its plenary session so that participants could attend the March for Science.[112]
Little Rock Arkansas Hundreds[113] Hundreds gathered in Little Rock; the march was organized by the local Sierra Club and the Museum of Discovery.[113]
Lincoln Nebraska Hundreds[114] Started at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and marched to the Nebraska State Capitol.[114]
West Palm Beach Florida Hundreds[115] Several hundred gathered at two events: a Meyer Amphitheater gathering and a march from Dreher Park to Trump's Mar-a-Lago in Palm Beach.[115]
Syracuse New York Hundreds[116]
Portsmouth New Hampshire Hundreds[117] Several hundred from around the Seacoast Region rallied at Market Square.[117]
Riverside California Hundreds[118] Hundreds marched from the Superior Court building to City Hall.[118]
Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Hundreds[119] Hundreds rallied outside the Cathedral of Learning on the University of Pittsburgh campus.[119]
Montpelier Vermont Hundreds[95] The rally took place on the Vermont State House lawn.[120][120]
San Antonio Texas Hundreds[121] Hundreds rallied at San Pedro Park and marched at San Antonio College, "advocating for a broad spectrum of scientific concerns."[121]
Lexington Kentucky Hundreds[122] Hundreds marched in the rain.[122]
Athens Georgia Hundreds[123] Marchers gathered outside the federal Courthouse.[86]
Paducah Kentucky 80+[124] Marchers from western Kentucky participated in cold and damp weather.[124]
Burlington Vermont[120]
Concord New Hampshire[120]
Huntington West Virginia[107]
Orono Maine 200-300[125] [T]he rally on the University of Maine’s campus drew an estimated 200 to 300 scientists, future scientists and their supporters to Orono.[125]
Gouldsboro Maine[126]
Machias Maine[126]
Sanford Maine[126]
Unity Maine[126]
Spokane Washington Hundreds[127] At one point, the marchers who filled the street stretched nine city blocks.[127]
Berkeley California[52]
Walnut Creek California[52]
Pacifica California[52]
Hayward California[52]
Springfield Illinois 700+[128] Over seven-hundred protestors gathered in front of the Illinois State Capitol. Senator Dick Durbin addressed the crowd.[128]
Santa Fe New Mexico 1000+[129] Over 1000 people marched from the Santa Fe Plaza to the Roundhouse to demonstrate their support for science[129].
Corpus Christi Texas Dozens[130] Dozens of local citizens marched along the city's bayfront.[130]
Annapolis Maryland 400-450[131]
Twin Falls Idaho Dozens[132] Dozens of people from across the Magic Valley region protested in front of the county courthouse from 10:30 AM to 1:00 PM. Interviewed protestors stated that they had a peak number of sixty protestors.[132].
Phoenix Arizona Thousands[133] At 10 AM, the march started in front of the Historic City Hall with speakers and a rally. The protestors proceeded down Jefferson Street, then traveled to Fifth Street, up to Washington Street and ended their protest at First Avenue. A number of educational booths were set up at the protest site.[133]
Newark Delaware 600+[134] The march started at the Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of Newark. It then proceeded down South Main Street and South College Avenue.[134]
  • Boston
    Boston
  • Chicago
    Chicago
  • Lexington, KY
  • Monterey, CA
    Monterey, CA
  • New York City
    New York City
  • Portland, Oregon
    Portland, Oregon
  • San Francisco
    San Francisco
  • Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
    Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
  • Tallahassee, Florida
    Tallahassee, Florida

International

City Country Approximate attendance Notes
Berlin Germany 11,000[135][136][137] Marching took place between the Humboldt University and the Brandenburg Gate.
London United Kingdom 10,000[138] Marching took place between the Science Museum and Parliament Square. Jon Butterworth called the issue "not very partisan" in the UK.[138]
Paris France 5,000[139]
Melbourne Australia 4,000[140] Marchers walked to Parliament House, Melbourne. Former Labor science minister Barry Jones addressed the crowd.[140]
Toronto Canada 3,000[141] Marchers walked from Nathan Phillips Square to Queen's Park to "celebrate Canadian science and the role that science plays in our society ... and to stand in solidarity with American scientists who are facing obvious struggles with the current government and its support for science."[141]
Sydney Australia 3,000[140] University of New South Wales climate scientist Angela Maharaj, sociologist Eva Cox, and former Liberal Party leader John Hewson addressed a crowd of 3,000.[140]
Munich Germany 3,000[137][142]
Canberra Australia 1,000+ More than 1,000 people gathered at Parliament House. Climate change expert Will Steffen of Australian National University spoke.[143]
Ottawa Canada 600-700[144]
Vancouver Canada 500+[145] At least 500 marchers made their way to Science World.[145]
Geneva Switzerland 600[146]
Dublin Ireland 600[147] An estimated 600 scientists and science supporters marched to the Dáil.[147]
Montreal Canada Hundreds[148]
Halifax Canada 250[149]
Waterloo, Ontario Canada Hundreds[150]
Zagreb Croatia 1000+[151]
Kangerlussuaq Greenland 20 About 20 people in this tiny outpost of 499 people participated. The rally was organized by a Ph.D. student at the University of Colorado who is studying the ice sheet.[152][153]
Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard Norway 7[154] A team of seven Norwegian scientists stationed in the Arctic Circle posed in front of a statue of Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen in support of the march.[154]
Copenhagen Denmark 5000[155]
Neumayer-Station III Antarctica 7[154] Seven German scientists, stationed in the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research's Antarctic research station Neumayer-Station III over the winter, exited the station to show their support for the march. Weather conditions were reported to be below freezing with twenty-six mile per hour wind gusts.[154]
Amsterdam The Netherlands 3000[156]
Auckland New Zealand
Maastricht The Netherlands Hundreds[157]
Frankfurt am Main Germany 2500[158]
Göttingen Germany 1400[159], 2500[137][159]
Kassel Germany 250[160]
Köln/Bonn Germany 1000[135], 1500[161]
Dresden Germany 2000[162]
Freiburg Germany 2500[163][164]
Greifswald Germany 300[165]
Rostock Germany 250[165]
Hamburg Germany 2000[166]
Heidelberg Germany 1000[164]
Jena Germany 1000[167][168] The march started at the University's main building and ended at Ernst-Abbe Square.
Leipzig Germany 950[162]
Stuttgart Germany 250/400[163][164]
Tübingen Germany 1500[164]
Vienna Austria ca. 1600 (police estimate according to organisers)
Manaus Brazil 300-400 The march started at 4:45 pm in downtown at the intersection of 7 de Setembro and Eduardo Ribero, and continued on the Praça do Congresso. Attended mainly by professors, researchers and students from UFAM, INPA, UEA and Fiocruz.
Gothenburg Sweden 250-500[citation needed]
hundreds[169]
Stockholm Sweden 2500[170]
Edinburgh United Kingdom 2000+[171]
  • Amsterdam
  • Berlin
    Berlin
  • Brest
    Brest
  • Brisbane
    Brisbane
  • Calgary
    Calgary
  • Copenhagen
    Copenhagen
  • Edinburgh
    Edinburgh
  • Frankfurt
    Frankfurt
  • Freiburg
    Freiburg
  • Greifswald
    Greifswald
  • Hamburg
    Hamburg
  • Heidelberg
    Heidelberg
  • Jena
    Jena
  • Kiel
    Kiel
  • Leipzig
    Leipzig
  • Maastricht
    Maastricht
  • Melbourne
    Melbourne
  • Munich
    Munich
  • Paris
  • Stuttgart
    Stuttgart
  • Trier
    Trier

Reception

Lydia Villa-Komaroff

Professor Robert Proctor of Stanford University said that the March for Science was similar to other efforts by scientists such as Physicians for Social Responsibility, however, the scale was larger because "there's a broader perception of a massive attack on sacred notions of truth that are sacred to the scientific community."[172]

Organizers and some participants of the El Paso March for Science, April 22, 2017
Organizers and some participants of the El Paso March for Science, April 22, 2017

Support

On January 26, 2017, U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont expressed his support for the march, congratulating "those scientists and researchers who are fighting back".[173] U.S. Representative Bill Foster of Illinois, a physicist and the only current member of Congress with a Ph.D. in a natural sciences field, will join the march, "not as a Democratic member of Congress, but as a scientist."[174] Foster said that he viewed the march as political, but not partisan, saying, "if you see a specific policy that is inconsistent with the known principles of science, every citizen who is also a scientist should speak out."[174]

In February, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (the nation's largest scientific organization) and other science groups announced their support for the march.[2] Rush Holt Jr., the chief executive officer of the AAAS, expressed support for scientist involvement in politics.[175]

Criticism

A number of scientists voiced concerns over the march. Sylvester James Gates warned that "such a politically charged event might send a message to the public that scientists are driven by ideology more than by evidence".[176] Climate change skeptic William Happer[177] stated that "there’s no reason to assume the president is against science" while regarding the march.[176] Writing in the New York Times, Robert S. Young argued that the march will "reinforce the narrative from skeptical conservatives that scientists are an interest group and politicize their data, research and findings for their own ends" and that it would be better for scientists to "march into local civic groups, churches, county fairs and, privately, into the offices of elected officials."[178]

Responding to criticism surrounding the political nature of the march, meteorologist and columnist Eric Holthaus wrote that the scientific field "has always been political" and referred to the example of Galileo Galilei's confrontation with the political order. Holthaus wrote that the scientists must also protest when "truth itself is being called into question".[179]

Follow-up

Following the march, the organizers of the March for Science encouraged people to a "Week of Action", with an outline daily actions.[180] They also wanted marchers to tell their elected officials why they marched.

See also

3

References

  1. ^ a b c Kaplan, Sarah (January 25, 2017). "Are scientists going to march on Washington?". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Sarah Kaplan, Bill Nye will join the March for Science, Washington Post (March 30, 2017).
  3. ^ Milman, Oliver (April 22, 2017). "March for Science puts Earth Day focus on global opposition to Trump". The Guardian. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  4. ^ "Scientists to oppose Donald Trump in huge 'March for Science' in Washington". The Independent. January 26, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
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  12. ^ a b Adam Frank (February 12, 2017). "Why I'd Rather Not March". Retrieved March 6, 2017.
  13. ^ a b c Brian Kahn. "Scientists Are Planning the Next Big Washington March". Climate Central (republished by Scientific American). Retrieved January 31, 2017. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  14. ^ "In Age of Trump, Scientists Show Signs of a Political Pulse", The New York Times, February 6, 2017 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  15. ^ Chris Mooney, Historians say the March for Science is 'pretty unprecedented', Washington Post (April 22, 2017).
  16. ^ Cohen, I. Bernard (January 17, 1997). Science and the Founding Fathers: Science in the Political Thought of Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and James Madison. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ASIN 039331510X. ISBN 9780393315103. {{cite book}}: Check |asin= value (help)
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  24. ^ Otto, Shawn Lawrence (2012). "America's Science Problem". Scientific American. 307 (5): 62–71. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1112-62. PMID 23120897.
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  32. ^ Hannah Devlin (February 15, 2017). "Trump's likely science adviser calls climate scientists 'glassy-eyed cult'". The Guardian. Retrieved February 20, 2017 – via The Guardian.
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  36. ^ Azeen Ghorayshi (February 4, 2017), Scientists Are Arguing About Whether The March For Science Will Be Too Political, BuzzFeed, a heated argument has broken out about whether the march is making science too political — or whether it's not making science political enough
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  133. ^ a b Conner Bolgret and Alejandro Barahona, March for Science draws thousands in Phoenix, The Arizona Republic (April 22, 2017) "The Phoenix march started at 10 a.m. with a rally and public speakers in front of Historic City Hall. The crowd then marched down Jefferson Street to Fifth Street, up Washington Street and then back to First Avenue. At Washington Street and First Avenue were food trucks, speakers, music and a row of educational booths dedicated to science."
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  146. ^ Celia Luterbacher, Geneva marches again – this time for science, Swiss Info (April 22, 2017).
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