Xbox 360
| Xbox 360 logo | |
 | |
| Manufacturer | Microsoft |
|---|---|
| Type | Video game console |
| Generation | Seventh generation era |
| Lifespan |  November 22, 2005  November 22, 2005 December 2, 2005 December 10,2005 March 23, 2006 |
| Units sold | ~5 million [1][2][3] |
| Media | DVD, CD, (Add-On: HD DVD) |
| CPU | 3.2 GHz PPC Tri-Core "Xenon" (codename) |
| Storage | Hard Drive, Memory Cards |
| Controller input | 4 (any combo of wired/wireless, max 3 wired (up to 4 wired with a USB Hub), 4 wireless) |
| Connectivity | 3 × USB 2.0 |
| Online services | Xbox Live |
| Best-selling game | Call of Duty 2 |
| Backward compatibility | 300 Xbox games (requires hard drive) |
| Predecessor | Xbox |
The Xbox 360 is the successor to Microsoft's Xbox video game console, developed in co-operation with IBM, ATI, Samsung and SiS. Information on the console first came through viral marketing campaigns and it was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information divulged later that month at the prominent Electronic Entertainment Expo. Upon its release the Xbox 360 became the first console to have a simultaneous launch across the three major regions, as well as the first console to provide wireless controllers as a standard. It also serves as the first entrant in a new generation of game consoles and will compete against Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii. Microsoft believes that its push towards high-definition gaming, year-early head start and its Xbox Live online gaming service will help in the console's success.
Overview
Development
Known during development as Xenon, Xbox 2, Xbox Next or NextBox, the Xbox 360 was conceived in early 2003. In February of 2003 planning for Xenon software platform began. That month Microsoft held an event for 400 developers in Bellevue, Washington to recruit support for the system. Also that month Peter Moore, former president of Sega of America, joined Microsoft.[4] On August 12, 2003 ATI signed on to produce the graphic processing unit for the new console, a deal which was publicly announced two days later.[5] The following month IBM signed on to develop the Triple-Core CPU for the console. Before the launch of the Xbox 360, several alpha development kits were spotted using Apple Power Mac G5 hardware. Games running on these were reported to be using 25-30 % of the actual systems power.[6] Microsoft chose to use these systems for their PowerPC architecture, which is similar to that of the Xenon CPU used in the system. On October 24, 2005 Microsoft shut down Xbox Live for a day to upgrade it for the Xbox 360.[7]
Launch
The Xbox 360 was released on November 22, 2005 in United States, Canada and Puerto Rico, December 2 2005 in Europe, December 10 2005 in Japan, February 2, 2006 in Mexico and Colombia, February 24 2006 in South Korea, March 16 2006 in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan and March 23, 2006 in Australia and New Zealand after a 3-week delay. Also, an official launch for the Philippines was announced.[8] At E3 2006, Microsoft announced that the console will be officially launched in eight new countries: South Africa, Chile, India(Due to launch on September 23, 2006), Brazil, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, and Slovakia.[9] Due to its early launch, the Xbox 360 has a jump start on both of its competitors -- Sony's PlayStation 3, which is set to release in North America November 17, 2006 and in Europe in March of 2007; and Nintendo's Wii, which, in the US, is scheduled for release on November 19, 2006.
Because of a manufacturing bottleneck for having started the massive manufacturing only 69 days before launching,[10] Microsoft was not able to supply enough systems to meet consumer demand in Europe or North America.[11] Many potential customers were not able to procure a console at launch and the lack of availability led to Xbox 360 bundles selling on eBay at grossly inflated prices, with some auctions exceeding US$2000. By year's end Microsoft had sold 1.5 million units; including 900,000 in North America, 500,000 in Europe, and 100,000 in Japan.[12] Only six games were initially offered in Japan and eagerly anticipated titles like Dead or Alive 4 and [eM] -eNCHANT arM- were not released until several weeks after launch.
Retail configurations
Microsoft's retail strategy involves two different configurations of the Xbox 360 in most countries: the Xbox 360 SKU, frequently referred to as the Xbox 360 Premium Package and an Xbox 360 Core System SKU. At launch, the Xbox 360 was priced at USD $399. The Core System is not currently available in Japan, but will be released on November 2, 2006[13]. Additionally in Australia and New Zealand the Xbox Live headset in the Xbox 360 Package was not included.
BusinessWeek magazine compiled a report[14] that estimates the total cost of components in the "premium" bundle at $525 USD, sans manufacturing costs, meaning that Microsoft is losing money on every Xbox 360 system sold (in the United States, at least). It should be noted that the strategy of selling a console at a loss or near-loss is common in the console games industry, as console makers expect to make up the loss through game licensing. Furthermore, since Microsoft owns the intellectual property rights to the hardware used in the Xbox 360, they can easily switch to new fabrication processes or change suppliers in the future in order to reduce manufacturing costs. This flexibility stands in contrast to the situation faced with the original Xbox, which Microsoft was never able to reduce manufacturing costs below the break-even point.[citation needed] Microsoft is predicting[citation needed] that with the Xbox 360, a greater market share, yearly revenue through their Xbox Live service, and falling hardware costs will eventually make system sales profitable.
| File:Xbox360PremiumBox.JPG
Xbox 360 System |
File:Xbox360Core.JPG
Xbox 360 Core System | |
|---|---|---|
| Detachable 20 GB hard drive | Yes | No |
| Ethernet cable | Yes | No |
| Premium chrome finish | Yes | No |
| Xbox Live headset | Yes (Most regions) | No |
| Xbox Live Silver membership | Yes | Yes |
| One month trial of Xbox Live Gold | Yes | Yes |
| Gamepad | 2.4 GHz wireless | Wired, with 3 m breakaway cord |
| AV Cables | Component HD-AV cable | Composite AV cable |
| Xbox 360 System | Xbox 360 Core System | |
|---|---|---|
| Australia
|
AU$649.95 | $499.95 |
| Canada
|
CD$499.99 | $399.99 |
| Europe
|
€399.99 | €299.99 |
 Finland Ireland and Portugal
|
€409.99 | €309.99 |
 India
|
Rs.23,990 | Rs.19,990 |
| Japan
|
JP¥39,795 | JP¥29,000 |
 Latvia
|
Ls320.00 | Ls240.00 |
 Mexico
|
MXN$4999.99 | $3999.99 |
 New Zealand
|
NZ$718.95 | $549.95 |
 Norway
|
NOK3395,- | 2595,- |
 Singapore
|
SG$660.00 | $535.00 |
 South Africa
|
R3699 | R2699 |
 South Korea
|
₩419,000 | ₩339,000 |
 Sweden
|
SEK3995:- | 2995:- |
 Taiwan
|
NT$12980 | NT$9970 |
 United Kingdom
|
£279.99 | £199.99 |
| United States
|
US$399.99 | $299.99 |
Xbox Live
Silver and Gold
With the launch of the Xbox 360, Microsoft's online gaming service, Xbox Live went through a major upgrade, adding a basic non-subscription service, Silver, to its already established premium subscription-based service, Gold. Xbox Live Silver is free of charge and allows users to create a user profile, join on message boards, access Microsoft's Xbox Live Arcade and Marketplace and talk to other members.[15] An Xbox Live Silver account does not generally support multiplayer gaming; however, some games that feature their own subscription service (such as Final Fantasy XI) can be played with a Silver account. Xbox Live supports voice communication along with video communication, a feature possible with the Xbox Live Vision Camera.[16]
Xbox Live Gold has the same features as Silver, plus online game playing capabilities. Microsoft has allowed for previous Xbox Live subscribers to maintain their profile information, friends list, and games history when they make the transition to Xbox Live Gold. To transfer an Xbox Live account to the new system, users need to link a Windows Live ID to their gamertag on Xbox.com.[17] When users go to add a Xbox Live enabled profile to their console, they need to provide the console with their passport account information and the last four digits of their credit card number, which is used for verification purposes and billing. An Xbox Live Gold account generally costs $49.99 USD,[18] $59.99 CDN,[18] £39.99 Pounds Sterling, €59.99 per year.
Marketplace
The Xbox Live Marketplace is a virtual market designed for Microsoft's Xbox 360 console that allows Xbox Live subscribers to download purchased or promotional content. The service offers movie and game trailers, game demos, Xbox Live Arcade games, gamer tag images, and Xbox 360 Dashboard themes. These features are available to both silver and gold members on Xbox live. To purchase the products off market place a hard drive is needed to store the products.[19] In order to download priced content, users are required to purchase Microsoft Points for use as scrip.[20] Not all products have a price, as some are free to download.
Arcade
Xbox Live Arcade is an online service operated by Microsoft that is used to distribute arcade video games to Xbox and Xbox 360 owners. In addition to classic arcade games, the service offers some new original games. As well as games from other consoles, such as the Genesis title, Sonic the Hedgehog or the PlayStation's Castlevania: Symphony of the Night. The service was first launched in late 2004[21] and offers games for about $5 to $15 USD in Microsoft Points. In late 2005, Xbox Live Arcade was re-launched with the release of the Xbox 360 in which new games and features were offered. The games are generally aimed toward more casual gamers, examples of some of the more popular among them are Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved,[22] Street Fighter II' Hyper Fighting,[23] and UNO.[24]
Software
Interface
A unique feature of the console is its robust graphical user interface, the Xbox 360 Dashboard; a tabbed interface that features four "Blades". It can be launched automatically when the console boots up without a disc, or when the disc tray is ejected; or the user may choose to launch a game automatically if a disc is inserted. A simplified version of it can also be accessed at any time via the Xbox Guide button on the gamepad. This simplified version shows the user's gamercard, Xbox Live messages and friends list. It also allows for personal and music settings, in addition to voice or video chats.
Dashboard Version Information:
- Base Kernel Version (Retail): 2.0.1888
- Current Dashboard Version: 2.0.2858 Release date: June 13, 2006
- Upgrades in current version[25] include:
- New slideshow options have been added for Photo Viewing, which can save folder layout between sessions.
- DVD playback can resume playing from where it was stopped last time.
- Concurrent downloading (allows multiple downloads as background tasks)
- Reorganized Xbox Live Marketplace
- The option to boot to either disc or dashboard in the settings menu
- Upgrades in current version[25] include:
Microsoft XNA
Microsoft XNA is a set of tools and technologies which include XNA Studio which provides versions of key production tools such as asset management, defect tracking, project automation and work lists. These tools are designed to work together to automate common development tasks and present interfaces tailored to the different functions within the team. John Carmack stated at QuakeCon 2005 that the Xbox 360 has "the best development environment I've seen on a console."[26] Microsoft XNA also includes other components such as the XNA Framework and XNA Build. Anyone can develop a game using XNA Game Studio Express, an IDE for homebrew developers that will be fully available free of charge during the 2006 holiday period[27] with a beta released on August 30, 2006. It will target the XNA Framework only to provide managed content and for a $99 USD yearly subscription fee users can join a "creators club" which lets them share their content with others.
Backward compatibility
Backward compatibility is achieved through software emulation of the original Xbox. Emulated games offer graphical enhancements because they are rendered in 720p, 1080i, or 1080p(Available via Xbox live update)[28] resolution with anti-aliasing enabled rather than the Xbox standard of 480p. Some games also benefit from an improvement in the rendered draw distance, possibly due to the system's greater memory bandwidth. However there are also games that do not perform well in emulation; these often exhibit a lower framerate on the Xbox 360.[29] A hard drive is required to enable backward compatibility, due to the original Xbox needing a hard drive to run. The downloading of an emulation profile is needed in order to play original Xbox games. Updated emulation profiles can be obtained through Xbox Live, by burning a CD with profiles downloaded from Xbox.com, or by ordering an update disc from Microsoft.[30] The full list of backward-compatible games is maintained at Xbox.com. Although the current U.S. list includes nearly 300 games, fewer titles are backward compatible in European and Japanese markets.[31] Microsoft has stated that they intend to release more emulation profiles as they become available, with a goal of making the entire Xbox library playable on the Xbox 360. They have since made multiple statements indicating that this may never be complete, and the rate of updates to the backwards compatibility list is in line with this stated attitude.[32]
Game library
Games representing many of Microsoft's flagship franchises, such as the Halo series and Project Gotham Racing games, have been released or announced for the Xbox 360. Likewise, there are a large number of games that are new for the 360, and many games from third parties. A comprehensive list of Xbox 360 games is available.
Hardware
The Xbox 360 is similar in form factor to its predecessor. It is slightly slimmer in every dimension, and the industrial design helps reinforce this impression; the Xbox 360 is white and slightly concave, whereas the original Xbox was black and noticeably convex. The Xbox 360 is also about 350 grams lighter than the original Xbox. Much of this savings in size and weight was achieved by moving the power supply out of the console proper; the power supply by itself displaces 1300 cubic centimeters.[33]
Central Processing Unit
The Xbox 360 takes a very different and new approach to hardware compared to its predecessor. The CPU, named Xenon, is a custom triple-core PowerPC-based design by IBM. The CPU emphasizes high floating point performance through multiple FPU and SIMD vector processing units in each core. Each core of the CPU is simultaneous multithreading capable and clocked at 3.2 gigahertz. However, to reduce CPU die size, complexity, cost, and power demands, the processor uses in-order execution in contrast to the Intel Coppermine128-based Mobile Celeron used in Xbox which used more robust out-of-order execution. The chip currently uses a 90 nm process, although a 65 nm process SOI revision is planned for 2007.[34] A 21.6 GB/s front side bus (aggregated 10.8 GB/s upstream and downstream) connects Xenon with the graphics processor/northbridge. Xenon is equipped with a 1 megabyte Level 2 cache on-die running at half CPU clock speed. This cache is shared amongst the three CPU cores.[35] The CPU also contains ROM storing Microsoft private encrypted keys.
Graphics Processing Unit
While the first Xbox's graphics processing unit (GPU) was produced by NVIDIA, the Xbox 360 uses a chip designed by ATI called "Xenos" (Developed under the name "C1" or "R500").[36] Xenos contains 48 unified shader units, which are capable of both vertex and pixel shading operations. This is in contrast to older graphics processor designs which utilize separate specialized units for these tasks. The GPU package contains two separate silicon dies: the GPU proper and a daughter-die containing 10Mb eDRAM along with FSAA and post-processing functionality. Thanks to the daughter die, the Xenos can do 4x FSAA with no performance hit. Both the GPU and eDRAM have a clock speed of 500 MHz. The GPU also houses additional capabilities typically separated into a motherboard chipset in PC systems.
Cooling
Heat sinks are implemented to cool both the CPU and GPU of the console. The CPU heat sink is composed of aluminum fins with a copper base and uses heat pipe technology to further aid in heat transfer efficiency. The GPU heat sink is solid aluminum and is wider but not as tall as the CPU heat sink.[37] The heat sinks are actively cooled by a pair of 60 millimeter exhaust fans that push heated air out of the case.
Memory and system bandwidth
The console features 512 megabytes of 700 megahertz GDDR3 RAM on a 128-bit bus. The memory is shared by the CPU and the GPU via the unified memory architecture. This memory is produced by either Samsung, or Infineon Technologies.
The Xbox 360 has an extensive amount of bandwidth in comparison to its competition.[38] Information from the eDRAM internal logic to its internal memory bandwidth is transferred at 256 GB/s. Between the eDram die and the GPU it is transferred at 32 GB/s. The high bandwidth allows high performance data transfer and saves time and silicon space on the GPU die itself. [39] The memory interface bus has a bandwidth of 22.4 GB/s and the southbridge a bandwidth of 1 GB/s.
Connectivity
All games made for the Xbox 360 are required to support at least six channel Dolby Digital surround sound. Sound files for games are encoded using Microsoft's XMA audio format. Unlike the original Xbox, voice communication is handled by the console, not by the game code, allowing for cross-game communication. Additionally, a wide array of standard and HDTV resolutions, up to 1920×1080 in progressive mode (after fall software upgrade)[5], are supported by the console hardware.[40] The Xbox 360's optical drive supports a variety of DVD-ROM formats as well as most common CD-based formats.[41] The option to apply a regional lockout to games is available to publishers. DVD region codes are always enforced. A 20 gigabyte detachable hard drive is available for game saves and downloads (included in the non-Core version of the console), as are small, portable memory cards.
Xbox 360 also has a built-in 100BASE-TX RJ45 ethernet port, suitable for connecting to Xbox Live, and three USB ports.[41]
Components and accessories
Up to four controllers are supported by the Xbox 360, in either wired or wireless forms. An optional wireless force feedback racing wheel for racing games will be available on November 1st.
The Xbox 360 can connect to Xbox Live through an optional wireless network adapter on a home network through a wireless router. The Universal Media Remote can be used to control several functions of the console including the Windows Media Center functions if connected to the network.
Various other components for the console exist, such as decorative faceplates to change the physical appears of the console, wired or wireless headsets for communication over Xbox Live, and an Xbox 360 branded webcam called Xbox Live Vision Camera. An add-on external HD DVD drive will be released this November 17th in Japan[42] for ¥19,800. For North America and Europe, the HD DVD drive is scheduled to be release this Christmas season 2006.[43][44].
Technical issues
Much like systems that run Microsoft Windows, the Xbox 360 displays a "Screen of Death" if it encounters a serious error. One way this may be encountered is by the moderate risk of overheating the console poses if users do not follow the guidelines prescribed by the user manual. Some users also report problems with disc scratching, as when a user moves the Xbox 360 while it is operating from a vertical position to a horizontal position, or vice—versa, the inserted disc may brush against the drive's pickup-assembly and incur scratches to its reflective coating. The Xbox 360 owner's manual specifically warns against moving the system while a disc is inserted. [45]
In September 2006, Microsoft released a statement saying that they will waive the cost for repairs on all Xbox 360 consoles made before January 1, 2006, and refund any fees already paid. Mine has just gone wrong again. Luckily, I am happy to pay £300 for an overheating pile of junk as that is what I really wanted, not a games console.[46]
Sales
Total: 6.1 million consoles sold,[47] as of June 30, 2006.
- Quarterly data
- Microsoft's forecasted cumulative estimates:
References
- ^ "QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q". Microsoft. 2006-04-24. Retrieved 2006-08-10.
- ^ "Microsoft Reports Fourth Quarter Results and Announces Share Repurchase Program". Microsoft. 2006-07-20. Retrieved 2006-08-10.
- ^ Brightman, James (2006-07-20). "Microsoft sells approximately 5 million Xbox 360's". GameDaily BIZ. Retrieved 2006-07-21.
- ^ "Peter Moore Joins Microsoft". Total Video Games. TVG Media. Retrieved 2006-09-10.
- ^ David Becker. "ATI wins bid for next Xbox". news.com. CNET. Retrieved 2006-09-10.
- ^ David Clayman. "E3 2005: 360 Running at One-Third Power". Retrieved 2006-09-10.
- ^ "Xbox Live Outage". VoIP & Gadgets Blog. Retrieved 2006-09-10.
- ^ Joey Alarilla (May 8, 2006). "Microsoft Philippines to launch Xbox 360". INQ7.
- ^ a b Vladimir Cole. "Engadget & Joystiq's live coverage of Microsoft's Xbox 360 E3 event". Engadget. Retrieved 2006-05-23.
- ^ "Nintendo's Wii may get early launch", CNN Money, July 5, 2006
- ^ "Xbox 360 sells out within hours", BBC, December 2 2005
- ^ "Microsoft FY2006 Quarter 2 report, page 14" (Powerpoint). Microsoft. January 26, 2006.
- ^ Core to launch in Japan
- ^ Arik Hesseldahl (November 22, 2005). "Microsoft's Red-Ink Game". BusinessWeek. McGraw-Hill.
- ^ Xbox Live The Silver Age
- ^ More than Games
- ^ Xbox Live Account Migration to Xbox 360
- ^ a b Xbox Live Subscription Cards
- ^ To Hard Drive or Not?
- ^ Xbox 360 Get the Points
- ^ Xbox Live Arcade to launch Nov. 3 - Oct. 14, 2004
- ^ Top Sellers on Xbox Live Arcade
- ^ Street Fighter II Best Seller in Arcade
- ^ Xbox Live delivers 600 Terabytes during E3
- ^ Dashboard updates
- ^ John Carmack on XNA
- ^ Gamefest announcement of XNA Game Studio Express
- ^ 1080P update, 2old2play.com, 20 September 2006
- ^ "Backward Compatibility Playtest", ign.com, 11 January 2006
- ^ "Backward Compatibility FAQ", xbox.com, 7 February 2006
- ^ "Backward Compatibility Games List", Microsoft Japan
- ^ "Q & A: Backward Compatibility", xbox.com
- ^ "Xbox 360 power supply dunked in water to prove it's damned big (Xbox 360 annoyance #006)". joystiq. 2005-12-06. Retrieved 2006-09-03.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Xbox 360 getting new CPU", GameSpot, 23 April, 2006
- ^ "Application-customized CPU design", Brown, Jeffery, IBM developerWorks, 2005
- ^ Wavey Dave Baumann. "ATI Xenos: XBOX 360 Graphics Demystified". Beyond3D. Retrieved 2006-04-11.
- ^ "Xbox 360 cooling hardware images"
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ Xbox 360 High Def Details
- ^ a b Xbox 360 technical specifications
- ^ [3]
- ^ XBox 360 HD DVD Player
- ^ HD DVD Movies and Players at microsoft.com
- ^ XBox 360 games scratched?
- ^ [4]
- ^ "Xbox 360 Sales Figures Update and Forecast"
- ^ "Microsoft ships 1.5 million Xbox 360 units in Q4", www.tgdaily.com, 26 January 2006
- ^ "Xbox marks the sore spot", money.cnn.com, 28 April 2006
- ^ "Fourth Quarter & fiscal Year 2006 Results", www.microsoft.com, 20 July 2006
- ^ "Microsoft to ship 13-15 million 360s by June 2007"
External links
- Official sites
- Unofficial sites
- Xbox 360 at GameSpot
- Xbox 360 at IGN
- TeamXbox - Regularly updated site detailing latest Xbox 360 news
