User:Jeileee/sandbox
Critique an article
Hi,
The first source from FDA is from 2007, it would be best to get an updated version if available since many changes could occur during 10 years of period. The information of source 14, 15, 19, 21 seem to from blog posts and webpages that could be replaced by peer-reviewed articles. The link to source 51,52,53 does not work. Another section that could be added to this article is how gluten is detected. For example an overview of immunological and spectroscopic methods such as gas chromatography, mass spectrometer, ELISA, and commercially available ELISA kit.
Jei1 08:43, 7 April 2017 (UTC)
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In open Microfluidics, (open-surface microfluidics or open-surface microfluidics one of the boundaries of a channel is removed, so that the system is exposed to air. One of the main advantages of open channels are ease of accessibility to the flowing liquid and large liquid-gas surface area. Open channels allow the ability of intervening the system at any time, and this is useful to add or remove reagents. In closed channels, air bubbls formation could be in an issue, but in open channels this is no longer the case. In open-channels, the main flow is driven by spontanous capillary flow. Problem that could arise is evaporation, but that can be solved by maintaining the temperature Droplets can be stabilized by applying an electrical field. When both the top and bottom of a device is removed we will have suspended microfluidics.
Draft your article
In open Microfluidics, (open-surface microfluidics or open-surface microfluidics one of the boundaries of a channel is removed, so that the system is exposed to air. One of the many advantages of open channels are ease of accessibility to the flowing liquid, large liquid-gas surface area, robustness, functionality, and ease of fabrication. Open channels allow the ability of intervening the system at any time, and this is useful to add or remove reagents and samples such as tissues and cells.
CE.
In closed channels, air bubles formation could be in an issue, but in open channels this is no longer the case. In open-channels, the main flow is driven by spontaneous capillary flow (SCF).
When both the ceiling and floor of a device are removed we will have suspended microfluidics. The fluid flow is still driven by SCF.
Open microfluidics when implemented in the biololyg field can simulate the environment better because of no consraints.
Microcanal.
moving droplets.
Draft 1: Before peer review
Draft 2 : After peer review
Open Microfluidics (section in main article Microfluidics)
In open microfluidics, (open-surface microfluidics, open-space microfluidics), one of the boundaries of a system is removed, and the system is exposed to air or another interface.[1][2][3][4] One of the main advantages of open microfluidics is ease of accessibility and intervention to the flowing liquid in the system at any time, and this is helpful in adding or removing reagents. Compared to a closed system, when of the boundaries of a system is removed, a larger liquid-gas surface area exists, and this enables gas-liquid reactions to be performed.[1][5] Further, open systems minimize and even eliminates bubbles formation, a problem commonly found in closed system.[1]In closed system microfluidic systems, the main fluid flow in the channels is usually driven by pressure via pumps (syringe pumps), external syringes or valves (trigger valves) and laminar flow is such an example.[1]Open system microfluidics on the other hand ennables passive driven flow. [1]
Examples of open microfluidics are open-channel microfluidics where the roof of a channel is removed, and when both the roof and bottom of the channel is removed, it is called suspended microfluidics.[1][6] Other examples are hanging droplet microfluidics in which droplets are hanging on wires (fiber/thread/yarn based microfluidics), rail-based microfluidics, and EWOD.[1][7][8]
Like many microfluidics technolgies, open system microfluidics can be applied in nanotechnology, biotechnology, fuel cells and Point of care (POC) systems.[1][4][9] Since the fluid flow in open microfludicis sysem is passively driven, and external pumping could be requirement, this makes their devices more portable and good choice for point of care testing.[1] For cell-based studies, open channel microfluidics devices allow access to cells within the channel, enabling probing of single cells.[10] Other applications of open microfluidics are open capillary gel electrophoresis, water-in-oil emulsification, and biosensors for Point of care systems.[2][9]Suspended microfluidic devices have been used to study cellular diffusion and migration of cancer cells, and rail-based microfluidics can be used for micropatterning and the study of cell communication.[6][1]
Open-Channel Microfluidics
In open-channel microfluidics, the top part of the channel is removed, allowing the system to to be exposed to air and, the fluid flow can be passively driven. An example of passive flow in open-channel microfluidics is spontaneous capillary flow (SCF)[1][6]. In SCF, capillary flow occurs spontaneous when the Laplace pressure at the front of the fluid is negative while the pressure bulk fluid is nearly zero[1][6] (CITE NEED ONE MORE CITATION laplace and scf ). where the flow is dependent on the geometry and contact angle (θ) of fluids on the channel.[1] The boundaries that surrounds the channel is the wetted perimeter pw whereas the interface exposed to air or liquid is the free perimeter pf . The pf and pw depends on the geometry of the channel, and SCF occurs when this equation is satisfied :
(θ)
In closed-channel microfluidic system, SCF can occur if there is an inlet port filled with the carrier fluid, and the Laplace pressure in the inlet is negative.[1] Surface wettability and surface modification control the flow of the liquid in the channel and allow the fluid to stay confined in the channel.[3] One of the problems that could occur in an open channel is overflow, and this can be controlled by having the carrier fluid preferentially wet the surfca of the interior channel (ie., floor instread of walls.[2] Another problem in an open system is evaporation, especially a microscale volumes; however this can be managed by covering the carrier fluid with a film of oil, increasing the humidity of the surrounding enviroennt, and/or maitaining the local temperature.[11]
Final Draft : Live on Wikipedia
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Jean., Berthier, (2016-01-01). Open Microfluidics. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 1118720806. OCLC 941538295.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c Li, C.; Boban, M.; Tuteja, A. (2017-04-11). "Open-channel, water-in-oil emulsification in paper-based microfluidic devices". Lab Chip. 17 (8): 1436–1441. doi:10.1039/c7lc00114b. ISSN 1473-0189.
- ^ a b Pfohl, Thomas; Mugele, Frieder; Seemann, Ralf; Herminghaus, Stephan (2003-12-15). "Trends in Microfluidics with Complex Fluids". ChemPhysChem. 4 (12): 1291–1298. doi:10.1002/cphc.200300847. ISSN 1439-7641.
- ^ a b Kaigala, Govind V.; Lovchik, Robert D.; Delamarche, Emmanuel (2012-11-05). "Microfluidics in the "Open Space" for Performing Localized Chemistry on Biological Interfaces". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 51 (45): 11224–11240. doi:10.1002/anie.201201798. ISSN 1521-3773.
- ^ Zhao, Bin; Moore, Jeffrey S.; Beebe, David J. (2001-02-09). "Surface-Directed Liquid Flow Inside Microchannels". Science. 291 (5506): 1023–1026. doi:10.1126/science.291.5506.1023. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 11161212.
- ^ a b c d Casavant, Benjamin P.; Berthier, Erwin; Theberge, Ashleigh B.; Berthier, Jean; Montanez-Sauri, Sara I.; Bischel, Lauren L.; Brakke, Kenneth; Hedman, Curtis J.; Bushman, Wade (2013-06-18). "Suspended microfluidics". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (25): 10111–10116. doi:10.1073/pnas.1302566110. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3690848. PMID 23729815.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Lorenceau, Élise; Clanet, Christophe; Quéré, David (2004-11-01). "Capturing drops with a thin fiber". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 279 (1): 192–197. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2004.06.054.
- ^ Satoh, Wataru; Hosono, Hiroki; Suzuki, Hiroaki (2005-11-01). "On-Chip Microfluidic Transport and Mixing Using Electrowetting and Incorporation of Sensing Functions". Analytical Chemistry. 77 (21): 6857–6863. doi:10.1021/ac050821s. ISSN 0003-2700.
- ^ a b Dak, Piyush; Ebrahimi, Aida; Swaminathan, Vikhram; Duarte-Guevara, Carlos; Bashir, Rashid; Alam, Muhammad A. (2016-04-14). "Droplet-based Biosensing for Lab-on-a-Chip, Open Microfluidics Platforms". Biosensors. 6 (2): 14. doi:10.3390/bios6020014. PMC 4931474. PMID 27089377.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Hsu, Chia-Hsien; Chen, Chihchen; Folch, Albert (2004-10-07). ""Microcanals" for micropipette access to single cells in microfluidic environments". Lab Chip. 4 (5): 420–424. doi:10.1039/b404956j. ISSN 1473-0189.
- ^ Gutzweiler, Ludwig; Gleichmann, Tobias; Tanguy, Laurent; Koltay, Peter; Zengerle, Roland; Riegger, Lutz (2017-04-01). "Open microfluidic gel electrophoresis: Rapid and low cost separation and analysis of DNA at the nanoliter scale". ELECTROPHORESIS: n/a–n/a. doi:10.1002/elps.201700001. ISSN 1522-2683.