Kangani system
The Kangani system was a South Asian form of immigrant labour recruitment and management headed by a person called the kangani (originated from Tamil world கண்காணி which means supervise), who supervised gangs of labourers in the fields. The leader of these groups of immigrants was usually elected by the members and had considerable control over their affairs. In smaller groups they might work as labourers themselves in addition to their other responsibilities but in larger groups their role was more one of organisation, supervision and dealing with the landowner.[1]
References
- ^ Basu, Raj Sekhar (2011). Nandanar's Children: The Paraiyans' Tryst with Destiny, Tamil Nadu 1850 - 1956. SAGE. pp. 111, 119. ISBN 978-81-321-0679-1.
Further reading
- Sandhu, Kernial Singh (1969). Indians in Malaya: Some Aspects of Their Immigration and Settlement (1786-1957). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-52114-813-9.