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2017 Iranian presidential election

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Iranian presidential election, 2017
← 2013 19 May 2017 2021 →
Opinion polls
TurnoutIncrease 73.07%
  File:H-rouhani.jpg File:SeyedEbrahimReisi22.jpg
Nominee Hassan Rouhani Ebrahim Raisi
Party MDP CCA
Running mate Eshaq Jahangiri Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf[1]
Popular vote 23,549,616 15,786,449
Percentage 57.13% 38.30%
President before election

Hassan Rouhani
MDP

Elected President

Hassan Rouhani
MDP

Presidential elections were held in Iran on 19 May 2017, the twelfth such election in Iran. Local elections were held simultaneously.

Candidates' registration took place from 11 to 15 April 2017. Incumbent president Hassan Rouhani was eligible to run for re-election. His rivals were the Iranian Principlists' top candidate Ebrahim Raisi, the Islamic Coalition Party's Mostafa Mir-Salim, and the Executives of Construction Party's Mostafa Hashemitaba.

Rouhani was re-elected for a second term. According to results announced by the Interior Ministry, Rouhani received 23.5 of 41 million votes counted. Ali Asghar Ahmadi, head of the election committee, was Saturday's announcer on state TV. Rouhani's closest rival, Ebrahim Raisi, received 15.7 million votes.[2]

Electoral system

See also: President of Iran
Politics of Iran
Government of Islamic Republic of Iran
Leadership
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Supreme Councils
Local governments
Elections
Political parties and factions
Inside government
Reformists
Principlists
Outside government
Monarchism
Liberalism
Nationalism
Pan-Iranism
Socialism
Intellectual backdrop
Foreign relations
Related topics

Eligibility

Any Iranian citizen above 18 years of age was able to register as a presidential candidate. An institution called the Election Monitoring Agency (EMA) and managed by the Guardian Council vets registered candidates and approves a handful to run in the election. The Guardian Council does not publicly announce the reason a particular candidate is rejected, although those reasons are explained to each candidate. Women who register as candidates have invariably been excluded from standing for election by the Council.[3][4]

Timeline

According to the official dates announced on 1 April 2017 by the Ministry of Interior:[5]

  • 11 April – Start of the election process with the Minister of the Interior's order
  • 11–13 April – Governors establish Executive Boards
  • 11–15 April – Registration period for candidates
  • 15 April – Registration ends at 18:00 IRDT
  • 16 April – Guardian Council begins vetting registered candidates
  • 20 April – Guardian Council addresses objections from disqualified candidates
  • 20 April – Final list of candidates announced
  • 21 April – Final candidates launch official campaigns
  • 17 May – End of campaigns
  • 19 May – Election date

Candidates

Registration and vetting process

For a list of candidates disqualified, see List of candidates in the Iranian presidential election, 2017.
Former president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad who endorsed his protégé and former vice president Hamid Baghaei, registered along with him.

During the five days period, a total of 1,636 individuals put their name to run for president, an increase over the 686 candidates in the previous election in 2013. Among the candidates was a record number of 137 women.[6] Hundreds of the applicants were ordinary people with no political background[7] and clearly lacked the criteria cited in the article 115 of the constitution, which is being considered among “religious and political rejal ("men" or "personalities", according to different interpretations)”[8]. Many criticized the law, which allows almost anyone to register to run.[6] Some intended to gain public attention, including political prisoners Mehdi Khazali and former MP Ghasem Sholeh-Saadi,[9] and some women tried to challenge the judicial interpretation of word rejal as "men", most notably Azam Taleghani.[6][9] On 20 April 2017, the Guardian Council announced a list of 6 approved candidates. The list contains incumbent president Hassan Rouhani, incumbent vice president Eshaq Jahangiri, Astan Quds Razavi custodian Ebrahim Raisi, Tehran Mayor Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Mostafa Mir-Salim and Mostafa Hashemitaba.[10]

Former president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and his vice president Hamid Baghaei were disqualified.[11] Ahmadinejad who was advised by the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei not to run for the election[12] wrote a letter in September 2016 to him, pledging that he would not run.[13] On 11 February 2017, he officially declared that he would not back any candidate, however, in a video released on 19 March 2017 he announced his support for Hamid Baghaei[14] and surprised observers by himself registering to run.[15]

Mohammad Gharazi was also among those disqualified, despite being approved as a candidate in 2013.[16]

Approved candidates

Candidate Party affiliation Slogan and logo Previous offices
Executive Legislative Judicial Military/Security

Mostafa Hashemitaba
(campaign)
Executives of Construction Party

Protecting Iran
— — —

Ebrahim Raisi
(campaign)
Combatant Clergy Association

Government of Dignity and Work
 — —
—

Hassan Rouhani
(campaign)
Moderation and Development Party

Again [for] Iran
 President (since 2013)
—

Mostafa Mir-Salim
(campaign)
Islamic Coalition Party

Rights must be fought for
— — Caretaker Commander of the Shahrbani (1980–1981)

Withdrawals

In his statement, Ghalibaf accused current president Hassan Rouhani of financial mismanagement and asserted that he and his supporters were "revolutionary opportunists."[18] The statement read:

The fight against pseudo-revolutionary opportunists has become highly costly, because this current is gnawing at the roots of the Revolution like a termite...[They] are not only at odds with the intellectual fundaments of original revolutionaries, but also represent a current whose material interests are at risk.[19]

Candidate Party affiliation Slogan and logo Previous offices Endorsed
Executive Lawmaking Judicial Military/Security

Eshaq Jahangiri
(campaign)
Executives of Construction Party
File:Allforiran.png
All for Iran
MP (1984–1992) — —
Hassan Rouhani

Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf
(campaign)
Population For Progress and Justice

People's Government
 Mayor of Tehran (since 2005) — —
Ebrahim Raisi

Campaign

See also: Hassan Rouhani presidential campaign, 2017; Ebrahim Raisi presidential campaign, 2017; Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf presidential campaign, 2017; Eshaq Jahangiri presidential campaign, 2017; Mostafa Mir-Salim presidential campaign, 2017; and Mostafa Hashemitaba presidential campaign, 2017

Debates and TV programs

Main article: Iranian presidential election debates, 2017
File:People watching first Iranian 2017 presidential debate in Tehran 01.jpg
First debate

Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) provides each candidate with 210 minutes for campaign talks on TV,[22] and there would be three debate sessions on politics, economics, and social pressing issues aired on Channel 1.[23] On 20 April 2017, Election Campaign Monitoring Commission announced that there would be no live debates and it will broadcast prerecorded,[24] however, after vast criticism from candidates and Iranian people the commission revoked its decision two days later.[25] Candidates are scheduled to air dedicated programmes on IRIB TV channels and radio stations, 555 minutes for each per candidate, and a sum of 1,470 minutes including the debates.[26]

Campaigning techniques

The election was characterised for usage of populist practices[27][28] and mudslinging.[29]

The conservatives launched smear campaigns against the reformist-backed candidate Hassan Rouhani,[27][30] while he initially maintained positive campaigning. Rouhani later changed strategy by straightly attacking his rivals[31] and the incumbent administration used fearmongering tactics.[32]

Role of social media

File:Iran 2017 election.jpg
Posters and handwritten slogans were also used to advertise in the election[33]

Social media was traditionally a tool for the reformists to campaign, but the presence of conservatives during the election was unprecedented in Iranian political history.[34]

Telegram instant messaging service, the most widely used messaging application in Iran, reportedly has more than 45 million users in a country of nearly 80 million as of April 2016.[35] It serves as a platform for Iranians to express their political opinions[36] and played an important role in the campaigns for the elections held in 2016 for Parliament and Assembly of Experts.[37] Twitter is blocked in Iran, however, Iranians use proxies to tweet and those that create a buzz, then travel to Telegram channels, where "they can potentially reach a much wider audience" according to BBC.[38]

Two months before election, Iranian Judiciary arrested some pro-Hassan Rouhani Telegram channel administrators for “crimes against public morals and publishing obscenity”.[35]

The campaigners also heavilly used Instagram[38] and its feature of airing live videos to stream real-time campaign developments.[39]

Tactical nomination of Jahangiri

Rouhani and I are side-by-side.

— Eshaq Jahangiri[40]

President Rouhani's ally and first vice president Eshaq Jahangiri is standing in the election to support him during the campaign and in TV debates,[41] being called as a ‘fender’ or ‘cover candidate’ by Iranian media,[42] and will possibly later withdraw in support of the incumbent president.[43] The idea was allegedly recommended by Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani,[42] who was a key backer of Rouhani before his death in January 2017.[41] Another reason for the nomination was to have an ‘alternative candidate’ in case the Guardian Council disqualified Rouhani[44] or raise his profile for a bid in 2021.[40]

Jahangiri withdrew in favor of Rouhani on 16 May 2017.[21]

Hashemitaba's endorsement of Rouhani

Candidate Mostafa Hashemitaba released a statement on 15 May 2017 and endorsed Rouhani, but refused to quit the race. He said he “will vote for the current president to help extension of this government's constructive approach.”[45]

Conservative consensus candidate

Ghalibaf appeared at Raisi's campaign rally in Tehran's Mosalla, 16 May 2017
Further information: Popular Front of Islamic Revolution Forces

Among the approved candidates, Ebrahim Raisi, Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf and Mostafa Mir-Salim are regarded as figures of the conservative camp, which intended to bring one single candidate for the election.[46] Popular Front of Islamic Revolution Forces endorsed both Raisi and Ghalibaf,[47] and it was unclear if any of them would drop out in favor of a fellow conservative.[48]

On 15 May 2017, Ghalibaf gave up his bid in favor of Raisi.[17]

Islamic Coalition Party released a statement on 18 May 2017, announcing it supports Raisi's bid for presidency following the withdrawal of Mostafa Mir-Salim,[49] despite the fact that Mir-Salim denied that he is withdrawing from the race.[50]

Endorsements and positions

Organization Endorsed candidate
Popular Front of Islamic Revolution Forces[47] Ebrahim Raisi
Front of Islamic Revolution Stability[51]
Combatant Clergy Association[51]
Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom[52]
Resistance Front of Islamic Iran[53]
Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader[54]
YEKTA Front[55]
Ansar-e-Hezbollah[56]
Union of Islamic Student Societies[57]
Islamic Society of Engineers[58]
Moderation and Development Party[59] Hassan Rouhani
Association of Combatant Clerics[62]
Assembly of Qom Seminary Scholars and Researchers[62]
Executives of Construction Party[63]
Union of Islamic Iran People Party[64]
National Trust Party[65]
Will of the Iranian Nation Party[66]
Islamic Association of University Instructors[67]
Islamic Iran Solidarity Party[68]
Democracy Party[69]
NEDA Party[70]
Workers' House[71]
Freedom Movement of Iran[72]
Kurdish United Front[73]
Iranian Call and Reform Organization[74]
Green Path of Hope[75]
National Front[76]
Council of Nationalist-Religious Activists of Iran[77]
Islamic Coalition Party[78] Mostafa Mir-Salim

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the Iranian presidential election, 2017
Results of opinion polls conducted by the Washington D.C.-based International Perspectives for Public Opinion (iPPO)[87]

Results

File:Iranelection96.jpg
Official ballot paper

According to final results, 41,220,131 voted from a registered electorate of 56,410,234. Turnout was 73.07%. The Ministry of Interior announced results gradually after midnight (local time), after polls closed. Final results were announced at 14:00.

Split percentages are from the Ministry of Interior of Iran, based on all votes cast. This is because 50%+ of all votes is needed to win the first round.

Template:Iranian presidential election, 2017

Results chart
Rouhani
 
 57.13%
Raisi
 
 38.30%
Mir-Salim
 
 1.16%
Hashemitaba
 
 0.52%
Valid votes
 
 97.11%
Invalid votes
 
 2.89%
Turnout
 
 73.07%

Votes by provinces

The table below displays the official vote tallies by province.

Provinces/districts won by Rouhani
Provinces/districts won by Raisi
Provinces/districts won by Mir-Salim
Provinces/districts won by Hashemitaba

Overseas results

The table below displays the official vote tallies by province.

Provinces/districts won by Rouhani
Provinces/districts won by Raisi
Provinces/districts won by Mir-Salim
Provinces/districts won by Hashemitaba

Polling stations

Abroad

Among the 56,410,234 registered to vote in the election, about 2.5 million live abroad and the elections were held in 103 countries, including the United States.[88]

Canada, which hosts at least 400,000 Iranians,[88] does not have diplomatic relations with Iran, which has made accommodating the elections difficult.[89] However, some Iranians traveled to the United States in order to participate in the presidential elections.[90]

Allegations of foreign interference

Judiciary head remarks

The head of Iran's judicial system, Sadeq Larijani, warned that enemies have made a "huge investment" to undermine and exploit the elections. "The enemies may want to deal a blow to the Iranian political system during the elections," he said.[91]

President of Tatarstan visit

On 20 April 2017, Rustam Minnikhanov, President of Tatarstan and Putin's envoy met with candidate Ebrahim Raisi in Mashhad, in his capacity as the Head of Astan Quds Razavi. MP Alireza Rahimi questioned the meeting and asked for explanations about the reasons for this meeting, citing alleged Russian interference in 2016 U.S. election. “The recent meeting raises the suspicion of interference in the elections, which is not appropriate”, he said.[92][93]

According to the official Islamic Republic News Agency, Minnikhanov also met vice president Eshaq Jahangiri in Tehran one day earlier, discussing bilateral relations.[94]

Reactions

Domestic

People celebrating Rouhani's election in Valiasr

Tens of thousands of supporters of President Hassan Rouhani have poured into the streets of Tehran as night falls to celebrate the incumbent's re-election.[95] The Tehran Stock Exchange rallied after the election results came out, extending a recent winning streak to close almost 1 percent higher at its highest level in three months.[96] Popular Front of Islamic Revolution Forces, the coalition of Rouhani's principlists opponents congratulated Rouhani in their website, asked him to refrain from entering experienced false solutions.[97]

Individuals

  • Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has issued a message commending the Iranian people for their "massive and epic" turnout in the country's twin elections. "The winner of yesterday's elections, is you, the Iranian people, and the Islamic establishment, which has managed to win the increasing trust of this big nation despite the enemies' plot and effort," the Supreme Leader said.[98]
  • Hassan Rouhani made the remarks in a televised speech following announcement of his election victory. "Iranians clearly and explicitly sent their message to the world through the Friday elections", he said, adding, "Our nation wants to live in peace and friendship with the world, but at the same time, it will accept no humiliation or threat."[99]
  • Presidential candidates Ebrahim Raisi[100] Mostafa Hashemitaba[101] and Mostafa Mir-Salim[102] are conceded and congratulated Rouhani. However, the day after the announcement of the results, Raisi protests Guardian Council over election violations in a letter.[103] Withdrew candidate Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf also congratulated Rouhani, said "It is clear that the winner and his critics are right and duty to observe their religious democracy is a guarantee."[104]
  • First Vice President Eshaq Jahangiri congratulated the Iranian people for their huge electoral turnout.[105] He thanked the 24 million trusting Rouhani's administration.[106]
  • Foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said: "We derive stability not from ‘coalitions’, but from our people, who – unlike many – do vote. Iranians must be respected and are ready to engage."[107] There were some reports that Donald Trump wanted to create a Sunni "coalition" in the Arab world against Iran during his visit to Saudi Arabia, where elections are an anomaly.[108]

Organizations

  • Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps: On 7 March 2017, IRGC commander-in-chief Gen. Mohammad Ali Jafari said “Like in the past, nobody in the IRGC, neither the guards nor the commanders, is permitted to interfere in the elections politically or factionally and to discredit the candidates”.[109] On 1 May 2017, Deputy IRGC Commander for Political Affairs Gen. Rasoul Sanaei told press that IRGC “will not support any candidate in the May 19 presidential election”.[110]

International

Supranational
States
  •  Afghanistan - President Ashraf Ghani, on behalf of Afghan people and government, congratulated the people and government of Iran on Rouhani's re-election in a message.[112]
  •  Armenia - President Serzh Sargsyan sent a congratulatory message to his Iranian counterpart Hassan Rouhani on his re-election.[113]
  •  Azerbaijan - President Ilham Aliyev congratulated his Iranian counterpart Hassan Rouhani on his re-election as president.[114]
  •  Canada - Foreign Minister Chrystia Freeland said her country "welcomes President Rouhani's commitment to continue implementing Iran's nuclear obligations under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and to improve the lives of ordinary Iranians."[115]
  •  China - President Xi Jinping sent a congratulatory message to his Iranian counterpart Hassan Rouhani on his re-election as president, which will give him a second four-year term.[116]
  •  France - Emmanuel Macron congratulated Rouhani for his re-election and said this reinforced the hope his government would apply the international nuclear agreement, his office said in a statement.[117]
  •  Germany - Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel congratulated Rouhani on his re-election as president, stressing closer cooperation between Germany and Iran.[118]
  •  India - Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated Rouhani on re-election, calling to strengthen ties with Iran.[119][120]
  •  Italy - Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni congratulated Rouhani in a message on his Twitter account.[121] He also expressed confidence to friendship between the two nations and relations between the two countries. Foreign Minister Angelino Alfano congratulating victory of Hassan Rouhani, underlined Italy's support for JCPOA.[122] Former Prime Minister and leader of ruling Democratic Party Matteo Renzi also called result of Iran's election important and added that victory of reformists in Iran is fundamental for the Middle East region.[121]
  •  Japan - Prime Minister Shinzō Abe felicitated Rouhani on his election victory, voicing hope that the Iranian president will continue to play a constructive role for peace and prosperity in the Middle East.[123] Abe said he was looking forward to working with Rouhani on bolstering cooperation between Tehran and Tokyo in various fields. Japanese Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida also sent a similar congratulatory message to the Iranian president.[123]
  •  Kuwait - Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Crown Prince Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah and Prime Minister Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah sent separate messages of felicitation to Rouhani.[123]
  •  Lebanon - President Michel Aoun congratulated Rouhani on his re-election, wishing him well during his second term in office. "The world looks forward to continuing the approach of openness and dialogue that you have called for in order to fortify the region from the dangers that beset it." Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri also applauded Rouhani on his presidential victory.[124]
  •  Norway - Foreign minister Borge Brende welcomed the re-election of Iranian President Hassan Rouhani. Brende said he echoes the sentiment of Germany's Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen, who said Rouhani's re-election sends a message that Iran could be serious about instituting reforms.[95]
  • Pakistan Pakistan: Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif felicitated Rouhani on the re-election, while hoping to continue bilateral endeavors with Iran to strengthen the relationship between the two countries.[125]
  •  Russia - President Vladimir Putin congratulated Rouhani and called for deeper ties between Moscow and Tehran.[126]
  •  Syria - President Bashar al-Assad congratulated Rouhani. He also wished Rouhani and the Iranian people more success, stressing the continuation of the work and cooperation with the Islamic Republic of Iran to enhance the security and stability of the two countries, the region and the world.[127]
  •  United Kingdom - Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson congratulated Rouhani and called for a full implementation of the JCPOA.[128]
  •  United States - Secretary of State Rex Tilerson has urged Rouhani to end the country's ballistic missile tests as well as what he called its sponsorship of terrorism.[129]

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