Viviane Gauthier
Viviane (or Vivianne) Gauthier also known as Vivi (March 17, 1918[1] - June 1, 2017[2]) was a Haitian dancer and teacher of Haitian folkloric dance who studied Haitian folklore with Katherine Dunham-trained Lavinia Williams of which she is considered the heir. She eventually opened the Viviane Gauthier School of Dance in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. She is credited for researching and championing Haitian folkloric dance as its own discipline, deserving of recognition and preservation despite pressures for it to incorporate modern dance. She has also been credited for keeping Haitian dances such as Yanvalou, Nago and Rada alive. One of her students has opened a dance company in Paris and another is a recipient of a National Endowment for the Arts fellowship in the United States. [3] Haitian-American millennial singer Riva Nyri Précil is another alumna of her dance school. Many prominent Haitian dancers and dance teachers have received training from her at some point in their career, including Lynn William Rouzier, Joëlle Donatien Belot, Jean Appolon, Mikerline Pierre and Lionel St. Surin.[2] [4]
Early life and career
Gauthier learned to dance by imitating the workers on her parent's sugar plantation.[5] Gauthier's father died when she was very young leaving behind children as young as 2 years old, a circumstance which caused her to have to work to help support the family. She grew up in a very strict household. She was the grand-daughter of Haitian President Florvil Hyppolite but did not find out until age 30. For a time she lived in Cap-Haitien at Rue 24. She studied accounting at the Maurice Laroche school and practiced as an accountant of the Haitian National Lottery for 21 years while teaching dance in the afternoons. She claims to have been chubby until the age of 25. [6][2]
By some accounts Gauthier started dancing at age 19. Her formal training appears to have started in the early 1950s when Lavinia Williams, an African-American following in the footsteps of Katherine Dunham came to teach in Port-au-Prince at the invitation of the Haitian government. Gauthier was around 34. She is said to have served as Lavinia Williams' assistant at the Haitian Academy of Folklore and Classic Dance in the 1950s and 1960s.[7] Lavinia Williams, a Katherine Dunham trainee, had been courted away from her dance studio in Brooklyn, New York, by President Paul Magloire around 1951 to start the school in Port-au-Prince which would train Gauthier along with other Haitian dance stalwarts such as Lynn Williams Rouzier and Régine Montrosier-Trouillot.[5]
Gauthier describes the teaching style of the woman Haitians affectionately called Lavinia as emphasizing discipline in precision of movement, rigidity of the torso and adherence to proper dress-code[5].
Gauthier founded the Viviane Gauthier Dance School at some point later down the line, and probably not in 1950 as alleged by some sources. [2] Her dance school which taught children as young as 4 and adults was known as a ready supplier of dancers to most folkloric dance productions in Haiti. [6] In addition to Haitian Folkore, the school offered training in ballet and modern dance techniques.[8] Her studio was the oft-filmed and photographed veranda or her Victorian gingerbread house in Pétion-Ville, a suburb or Port-au-Prince.[4]
She performed for the first time in Europe at the age of 53. [2]
Views
Viviane Gauthier believed that the Yanvalou dance was the basis of all of the other Haitian dances. She also believed that it was the best form of exercise because it involved moving all parts of the body from head to toe. She worried that the authenticity of the Ibo dance was under threat.[6]
Though she is often credited as a choreographer she considered her specialty to be the preservation of Haitian dance.[6]
Personal Life
Viviane Gauthier never married or had children. She offered several reasons for this to Al Jazeera and to Haitian documentarian Arnold Antonin: she liked to be free of her movements and she liked to be the boss. She cherished her independence and did not believe her lifestyle as a researcher compatible with the home bound life expected of married women of her time. [3][6] In her own words, dance was her only love. [6]
References
- ^ "À 97 ans, Viviane Gauthier reste une « icône de la danse traditionnelle Haïtienne »". Parole En Archipel. 2015-03-30. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
- ^ a b c d e "Viviane Gauthier ne dansera plus !". Le Nouvelliste. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
- ^ a b "Magazine: A leap of faith". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
- ^ a b Joseph, Celucien L.; Cleophat, Nixon S. (2016-05-05). Vodou in the Haitian Experience: A Black Atlantic Perspective. Lexington Books. p. 27. ISBN 9781498508322.
- ^ a b c Das, Joanna Dee (2017-05-23). Katherine Dunham: Dance and the African Diaspora. Oxford University Press. p. 159. ISBN 9780190264895.
- ^ a b c d e f Antonin, Arnold (2011). "Six Femmes d'Exception". Centre Pétion Bolivar.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help); Unknown parameter|DUPLICATE-url=ignored (help) - ^ Journal of Haitian Studies. Haitian Studies Association. 2004. p. 50.
- ^ Daniel, Yvonne (2011-12-15). Caribbean and Atlantic Diaspora Dance: Igniting Citizenship. University of Illinois Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780252036538.