Jump to content

Conversion of scales of temperature

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 76.102.233.65 (talk) at 19:39, 4 June 2017 (Moved gigantic table to the bottom of the article because it takes hours for screenreaders to read; so therefore, effectively censors the rest of the article from the visually impaired using screenrea). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

This is a compendium of temperature conversion formulas and comparisons among eight different temperature scales, several of which have long been obsolete.

Celsius (centigrade)

Temperature conversions
from Celsius to Celsius
Kelvin x °C ≘ (x + 273.15) K x K ≘ (x − 273.15) °C
Fahrenheit x °C ≘ (x × 9/5 + 32) °F x °F ≘ (x − 32) × 5/9 °C
Rankine x °C ≘ (x + 273.15) × 9/5 °R x °R ≘ (x − 491.67) × 5/9 °C

Fahrenheit

Temperature conversions
from Fahrenheit to Fahrenheit
Celsius x °F ≘ (x − 32) × 5/9 °C x °C ≘ (x × 9/5 + 32) °F
Kelvin x °F ≘ (x + 459.67) × 5/9 K x K ≘ (x × 9/5 − 459.67) °F
Rankine x °F ≘ (x + 459.67) °R x °R ≘ (x − 459.67) °F

Kelvin

Temperature conversions
from Kelvin to Kelvin
Celsius x K ≘ (x − 273.15) °C x °C ≘ (x + 273.15) K
Fahrenheit x K ≘ (x × 9/5 − 459.67) °F x °F ≘ (x + 459.67) × 5/9 K
Rankine x K ≘ x × 9/5 °R x °R ≘ x × 5/9 K

Rankine

Temperature conversions
from Rankine to Rankine
Celsius x °R ≘ (x − 491.67) × 5/9 °C x °C ≘ (x + 273.15) × 9/5 °R
Kelvin x °R ≘ x × 5/9 K x K ≘ x × 9/5 °R
Fahrenheit x °R ≘ (x − 459.67) °F x °F ≘ (x + 459.67) °R

Delisle

Temperature conversions
from Delisle to Delisle
Celsius x °De ≘ (100 − x × 2/3) °C x °C ≘ (100 − x) × 3/2 °De
Kelvin x °De ≘ (373.15 − x × 2/3) K x K ≘ (373.15 − x) × 3/2 °De
Fahrenheit x °De ≘ (212 − x × 6/5) °F x °F ≘ (212 − x) × 5/6 °De
Rankine x °De ≘ (671.67 − x × 6/5) °R x °R ≘ (671.67 − x) × 5/6 °De

Newton

Temperature conversions
from Newton to Newton
Celsius x °N ≘ x × 100/33 °C x °C ≘ x × 33/100 °N
Kelvin x °N ≘ (x × 100/33 + 273.15) K x K ≘ (x − 273.15) × 33/100 °N
Fahrenheit x °N ≘ (x × 60/11 + 32) °F x °F ≘ (x − 32) × 11/60 °N
Rankine x °N ≘ (60/11 x + 491.67) °R x °R ≘ (x − 491.67) × 11/60 °N

Réaumur

Temperature conversions
from Réaumur to Réaumur
Celsius x °Ré ≘ x × 5/4 °C x °C ≘ x × 4/5 °Ré
Kelvin x °Ré ≘ (x × 5/4 + 273.15) K x K ≘ (x − 273.15) × 4/5 °Ré
Fahrenheit x °Ré ≘ (x × 9/4 + 32) °F x °F ≘ (x − 32) × 4/9 °Ré
Rankine x °Ré ≘ (x × 9/4 + 491.67) °R x °R ≘ (x − 491.67) × 4/9 °Ré

Rømer

Temperature conversions
from Rømer to Rømer
Celsius x °Rø ≘ (x − 7.5) × 40/21 °C x °C ≘ (x × 21/40 + 7.5) °Rø
Kelvin x °Rø ≘ ((x − 7.5) × 40/21 + 273.15) K x K ≘ ((x − 273.15) × 21/40 + 7.5) °Rø
Fahrenheit x °Rø ≘ ((x − 7.5) × 24/7 + 32) °F x °F ≘ ((x − 32) × 7/24 + 7.5) °Rø
Rankine x °Rø ≘ ((x − 7.5) × 24/7 + 491.67) °R x °R ≘ ((x − 491.67) × 7/24 + 7.5) °Rø

Comparison of temperature scales

Comparison of temperature scales
Comment Kelvin Celsius Fahrenheit Rankine Delisle Newton Réaumur Rømer
Absolute zero 0.00 −273.15 −459.67 0.00 559.73 −90.14 −218.52 −135.90
Lowest recorded surface temperature on Earth[1] 184 −89.2[1] −128.6[1] 331 284 −29 −71 −39
Fahrenheit's ice/salt mixture 255.37 −17.78 0.00 459.67 176.67 −5.87 −14.22 −1.83
Ice melts (at standard pressure) 273.15 0.00 32.00 491.67 150.00 0.00 0.00 7.50
Triple point of water 273.16 0.01 32.018 491.688 149.985 0.0033 0.008 7.50525
Average surface temperature on Earth 288 15 59 519 128 5 12 15
Average human body temperature* 310 37 98 558 95 12 29 27
Highest recorded surface temperature on Earth[2] 331 58[2] 136.4[2] 596 63 19 46 38
Water boils (at standard pressure) 373.1339[3] 99.9839[3][dead link] 211.97102[4] 671.64102[4] 0.00 33.00 80.00 60.00
Titanium melts 1941 1668 3034 3494 −2352 550 1334 883
The surface of the Sun 5800 5500 9900 10400 −8100 1800 4400 2900

* Normal human body temperature is 36.8 °C ±0.7 °C, or 98.2 °F ±1.3 °F. The commonly given value 98.6 °F is simply the exact conversion of the nineteenth-century German standard of 37 °C. Since it does not list an acceptable range, it could therefore be said to have excess (invalid) precision.[5]

Some numbers in this table have been rounded.

Graphical representation

0 K / 0 °R (-273.15 °C)0 °F (-17.78 °C)150 °D32 °F7.5 °Rø0 °C / 0 °Ré / 0 °N212 °F100 °C80 °Ré60 °Rø33 °N0 °DFile:Comparison of temperature scales blank.svg
Rankine (°R)
Kelvin (K)
Fahrenheit (°F)
Celsius (°C)
Réaumur (°Ré)
Rømer (°Rø)
Newton (°N)
Delisle (°D)
Absolute zero Lowest recorded surface temperature on Earth[1] Fahrenheit's ice/water/salt mixture Melting point of ice (at standard pressure) Average surface temperature on Earth (15 °C) Average human body temperature (37 °C) Highest recorded surface temperature on Earth[2] Boiling point of water (at standard pressure)  

Conversion table between different temperature units

Kelvin


Celsius


Fahrenheit


Rankine scale


Rømer scale


Newton scale


Delisle scale


Réaumur scale

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b c d The Coldest Inhabited Places on Earth; researches of the Vostok Station recorded the coldest known temperature on Earth on July 21st 1983: −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F).
  2. ^ a b c d World: Highest Temperature Archived January 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine; an Italian weather station in al 'Aziziyah (Libya) measured a temperature of 58 °C (136.4 °F) on September 13th 1922. "Although this record has gained general acceptance as the world's highest temperature recorded under standard conditions, the validity of the extreme has been questioned."
  3. ^ a b http://chemistry.uah.edu/Faculty/shriver/supplements/Temperature%20scales.pdf[permanent dead link] The University of Alabama in Huntsville - Temperature scales – Celsius, centigrade, and kelvin
  4. ^ a b http://www.tampile.com/scales.php Tampile - Temperature Conversion Scales
  5. ^ "Temperature of a Healthy Human (Body Temperature)". Hypertextbook.com. Retrieved 2010-09-16.

Comparison

Celsius Fahrenheit Kelvin Rankine Delisle Newton Réaumur Rømer
500.00 932.00 773.15 1391.67 −600.00 165.00 400.00 270.00
490.00 914.00 763.15 1373.67 −585.00 161.70 392.00 264.75
480.00 896.00 753.15 1355.67 −570.00 158.40 384.00 259.50
470.00 878.00 743.15 1337.67 −555.00 155.10 376.00 254.25
460.00 860.00 733.15 1319.67 −540.00 151.80 368.00 249.00
450.00 842.00 723.15 1301.67 −525.00 148.50 360.00 243.75
440.00 824.00 713.15 1283.67 −510.00 145.20 352.00 238.50
430.00 806.00 703.15 1265.67 −495.00 141.90 344.00 233.25
420.00 788.00 693.15 1247.67 −480.00 138.60 336.00 228.00
410.00 770.00 683.15 1229.67 −465.00 135.30 328.00 222.75
400.00 752.00 673.15 1211.67 −450.00 132.00 320.00 217.50
390.00 734.00 663.15 1193.67 −435.00 128.70 312.00 212.25
380.00 716.00 653.15 1175.67 −420.00 125.40 304.00 207.00
370.00 698.00 643.15 1157.67 −405.00 122.10 296.00 201.75
360.00 680.00 633.15 1139.67 −390.00 118.80 288.00 196.50
350.00 662.00 623.15 1121.67 −375.00 115.50 280.00 191.25
340.00 644.00 613.15 1103.67 −360.00 112.20 272.00 186.00
330.00 626.00 603.15 1085.67 −345.00 108.90 264.00 180.75
320.00 608.00 593.15 1067.67 −330.00 105.60 256.00 175.50
310.00 590.00 583.15 1049.67 −315.00 102.30 248.00 170.25
300.00 572.00 573.15 1031.67 −300.00 99.00 240.00 165.00
290.00 554.00 563.15 1013.67 −285.00 95.70 232.00 159.75
280.00 536.00 553.15 995.67 −270.00 92.40 224.00 154.50
270.00 518.00 543.15 977.67 −255.00 89.10 216.00 149.25
260.00 500.00 533.15 959.67 −240.00 85.80 208.00 144.00
250.00 482.00 523.15 941.67 −225.00 82.50 200.00 138.75
240.00 464.00 513.15 923.67 −210.00 79.20 192.00 133.50
230.00 446.00 503.15 905.67 −195.00 75.90 184.00 128.25
220.00 428.00 493.15 887.67 −180.00 72.60 176.00 123.00
210.00 410.00 483.15 869.67 −165.00 69.30 168.00 117.75
200.00 392.00 473.15 851.67 −150.00 66.00 160.00 112.50
190.00 374.00 463.15 833.67 −135.00 62.70 152.00 107.25
180.00 356.00 453.15 815.67 −120.00 59.40 144.00 102.00
170.00 338.00 443.15 797.67 −105.00 56.10 136.00 96.75
160.00 320.00 433.15 779.67 −90.00 52.80 128.00 91.50
150.00 302.00 423.15 761.67 −75.00 49.50 120.00 86.25
140.00 284.00 413.15 743.67 −60.00 46.20 112.00 81.00
130.00 266.00 403.15 725.67 −45.00 42.90 104.00 75.75
120.00 248.00 393.15 707.67 −30.00 39.60 96.00 70.50
110.00 230.00 383.15 689.67 −15.00 36.30 88.00 65.25
100.00 212.00 373.15 671.67 0.00 33.00 80.00 60.00
90.00 194.00 363.15 653.67 15.00 29.70 72.00 54.75
80.00 176.00 353.15 635.67 30.00 26.40 64.00 49.50
70.00 158.00 343.15 617.67 45.00 23.10 56.00 44.25
60.00 140.00 333.15 599.67 60.00 19.80 48.00 39.00
50.00 122.00 323.15 581.67 75.00 16.50 40.00 33.75
40.00 104.00 313.15 563.67 90.00 13.20 32.00 28.50
30.00 86.00 303.15 545.67 105.00 9.90 24.00 23.25
20.00 68.00 293.15 527.67 120.00 6.60 16.00 18.00
10.00 50.00 283.15 509.67 135.00 3.30 8.00 12.75
0.00 32.00 273.15 491.67 150.00 0.00 0.00 7.50
−10.00 14.00 263.15 473.67 165.00 −3.30 −8.00 2.25
−20.00 −4.00 253.15 455.67 180.00 −6.60 −16.00 −3.00
−30.00 −22.00 243.15 437.67 195.00 −9.90 −24.00 −8.25
−40.00 −40.00 233.15 419.67 210.00 −13.20 −32.00 −13.50
−50.00 −58.00 223.15 401.67 225.00 −16.50 −40.00 −18.75
−60.00 −76.00 213.15 383.67 240.00 −19.80 −48.00 −24.00
−70.00 −94.00 203.15 365.67 255.00 −23.10 −56.00 −29.25
−80.00 −112.00 193.15 347.67 270.00 −26.40 −64.00 −34.50
−90.00 −130.00 183.15 329.67 285.00 −29.70 −72.00 −39.75
−100.00 −148.00 173.15 311.67 300.00 −33.00 −80.00 −45.00
−110.00 −166.00 163.15 293.67 315.00 −36.30 −88.00 −50.25
−120.00 −184.00 153.15 275.67 330.00 −39.60 −96.00 −55.50
−130.00 −202.00 143.15 257.67 345.00 −42.90 −104.00 −60.75
−140.00 −220.00 133.15 239.67 360.00 −46.20 −112.00 −66.00
−150.00 −238.00 123.15 221.67 375.00 −49.50 −120.00 −71.25
−160.00 −256.00 113.15 203.67 390.00 −52.80 −128.00 −76.50
−170.00 −274.00 103.15 185.67 405.00 −56.10 −136.00 −81.75
−180.00 −292.00 93.15 167.67 420.00 −59.40 −144.00 −87.00
−190.00 −310.00 83.15 149.67 435.00 −62.70 −152.00 −92.25
−200.00 −328.00 73.15 131.67 450.00 −66.00 −160.00 −97.50
−210.00 −346.00 63.15 113.67 465.00 −69.30 −168.00 −102.75
−220.00 −364.00 53.15 95.67 480.00 −72.60 −176.00 −108.00
−230.00 −382.00 43.15 77.67 495.00 −75.90 −184.00 −113.25
−240.00 −400.00 33.15 59.67 510.00 −79.20 −192.00 −118.50
−250.00 −418.00 23.15 41.67 525.00 −82.50 −200.00 −123.75
−260.00 −436.00 13.15 23.67 540.00 −85.80 −208.00 −129.00
−270.00 −454.00 3.15 5.67 555.00 −89.10 −216.00 −134.25
−273.15 −459.67 0.00 0.00 559.725 −90.1395 −218.52 −135.90375
Celsius Fahrenheit Kelvin Rankine Delisle Newton Réaumur Rømer