Central pain syndrome
| Central pain syndrome |
|---|
Central pain syndrome is a neurological condition caused by damage or malfunction in the Central Nervous System (CNS) which causes a sensitization of the pain system. The extent of pain and the areas affected are related to the cause of the injury.
Symptoms
Pain can either be relegated to a specific part of the body or spread to the entire body. It is typically constant, and may be moderate to severe in intensity. It is often made worse by touch, movement, emotions, and temperature changes, usually cold temperatures along with many other similar 'triggers'. Burning pain is the most common sensation, but patients also report pins and needles, pressing, lacerating, aching, and extreme bursts or constant sharp or unremitting excruciating pain. Individuals may have reduced sensitivity to touch in the areas affected by the pain, as if the part is 'falling asleep'. The burning and loss of sense of touch are usually, but not always, most severe on the distant parts of the body, such as the feet or hands, spreading until it is in some cases felt from head to toe. For some patients with intense affliction, there often can be unremitting nausea, causing vomiting. The pain can also bring on hyperventilation. Blood pressure can rise due to the pain.[1] Severe cases can result in Intractable Pain, which is defined as a severe, constant pain that is not curable by any known means and which causes a bed or house-bound state and early death if not adequately treated, usually with opioids and/or interventional procedures. It is not relieved by ordinary medical, surgical, nursing, or pharmaceutical measures. Unlike the more common chronic pain, it causes adverse biologic effects on the body's cardiovascular, hormone, and neurologic systems. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intractable_pain
Damage to the CNS can be caused by car accidents, limb amputations, trauma, spinal cord injury, tumors, stroke, immune system disorders or diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's, Graves or Addison's disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, and epilepsy.[2] It may develop months or years after injury or damage to the CNS.[3]
Diagnosis
![[icon]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (February 2017) |
Treatment
Pain medications often provide some reduction of pain, but not complete relief of pain, for those affected by central pain syndrome. Tricyclic antidepressants such as nortriptyline or anticonvulsants such as neurontin (gabapentin) can be useful. Lowering stress levels appears to reduce pain.[2] For regular treatment some people prefer body length heating pads while others rely on warm baths, and most any normal 'hot or cold' help.
Prognosis
Central pain syndrome is not a fatal disorder, but the syndrome causes disabling chronic pain and suffering among the majority of individuals who have it.[2]
See also
References
- ^ Bowsher, David (1996), "Central pain: clinical and physiological characteristics", Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 62–69, doi:10.1136/jnnp.61.1.62 FREE full text. Requires 2 minute registration with BMJ.
- ^ a b c National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (13 January 2011). "NINDS Central Pain Syndrome Information Page". Ninds.nih.gov. NIH. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
- ^ Ratini, Melinda (2 March 2013). "Pain Management: Central Pain Syndrome". WebMD. NIH. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
Further reading
Canavero S, & Bonicalzi V (2007) Central pain syndrome. New York: Cambridge university press (1st ed) ISBN 0-521-86692-8 (2011) new edition
External links
- WebMD - A concise 4 paragraph description of the condition.
- USA National Institute of Neurological disorders and Stroke - Authoritative 4 paragraphs on central pain.