Flamingo tongue snail

Flamingo tongue snail
	Cyphoma gibbosum feeding on a soft coral; siphon visible at the top, tip of the tail visible at the bottom. A large feeding scar is visible as a brown stripe on the coral.
	Five views of a shell of Cyphoma gibbosum (Linné, 1758)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Caenogastropoda; clade Hypsogastropoda; clade Littorinimorpha
Family:	Ovulidae
Genus:	Cyphoma
Species:	C. gibbosum
Binomial name
	Cyphoma gibbosum; (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
	Bulla gibbosa Linnaeus, 1758; Cyphoma alleneae Cate, 1973; Cyphoma dorsatum Röding, 1798; Cyphoma finkli Petuch, 1979; Cyphoma gibbosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (error in gender ending); Cyphoma lindae Petuch, 1987; Cyphoma macumba Petuch, 1979 (uncertain synonym); Cyphoma mcgintyi Pilsbry, 1939; Cyphoma precursor Dall, 1897; Cyphoma robustior Bayer, 1941; Cyphoma signata Pilsbry & McGinty, 1939 (error in gender ending); Cyphoma signatum Pilsbry & McGinty, 1939; Ovula pharetra Perry, 1811; Ovula rostrata Mörch, 1877;

The flamingo tongue snail, scientific name Cyphoma gibbosum, is a species of small but brightly colored sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ovulidae, the cowry allies.^[2]

Distribution

This Cyphoma is the most common of several species in the genus which lives in the tropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean from North Carolina to northern coast of Brazil, including the Bermuda, the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Lesser Antilles .^[3]

Description

When it is living, the snail appears bright orange-yellow in color with black markings. However, these colors are not in the shell, but are only due to live mantle tissue which usually cover the shell. The mantle flaps can be retracted, exposing the shell, but this usually happens only when the animal is attacked.

The shells reach on average 25–35 millimetres (0.98–1.38 in) of length, with a minimum size of 18 millimetres (0.71 in) and a maximum shell length of 44 millimetres (1.7 in).^[4] The shape is usually elongated and the dorsum shows a thick transversal ridge. The dorsum surface is smooth and shiny and may be white or orange, with no markings at all except a longitudinal white or cream band. The base and the interior of Cyphoma gibbosum shell is white or pinkish, with a wide aperture.

Ecology

The minimum recorded depth is 0 m; the maximum recorded depth is 29 m.^[4]

The flamingo feeds by browsing on the living tissues of the soft corals on which it lives. Common prey include Briareum spp., Gorgonia spp., Plexaura spp., and Plexaurella spp. Adult female C. gibbosum attach eggs to coral which they have recently fed upon. After roughly a week and a half, the larvae hatch. They are planktonic and eventually settle onto other gorgonian corals. Juveniles tend to remain on the underside of coral branches while adults are far more visible and mobile. Adults scrape the polyps off the coral with their radula, leaving an easily visible feeding scar on the coral. However, the corals can regrow the polyps, and therefore predation by C. gibbosum is generally not lethal.

Survival status

This species used to be common, but it has become rather uncommon in heavily visited areas because of over-collecting by snorkelers and scuba divers, who make the mistake of thinking that the bright colors are in the shell of the animal.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Gary Rosenberg (2013). "Cyphoma gibbosum (Linnaeus, 1758)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Cyphoma gibbosum (Linnaeus, 1758). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at www.marinespecies.org on 2017-06-27
^ Hardy, Eddie. "Cyphoma gibbosum". www.gastropods.com.
^ ^a ^b Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLoS ONE 5(1): e8776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.

External links

[1] Gary Rosenberg (2013). "Cyphoma gibbosum (Linnaeus, 1758)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 15 October 2013.

[WoRMS-2] Rosenberg, G. (2010). Cyphoma gibbosum (Linnaeus, 1758). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at www.marinespecies.org on 2017-06-27

[3] Hardy, Eddie. "Cyphoma gibbosum". www.gastropods.com.

[Welch_2010-4] Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLoS ONE 5(1): e8776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.

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