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GUID Partition Table

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Diagram illustrating the layout of the GPT scheme. In this example, each logical block is 512 bytes in size, and each partition entry is 128 bytes, and the corresponding partition entries are assumed to be located in LBA 2-33. LBA addresses that are negative indicate position from the end of the volume, with −1 as the last addressable block.

GUID Partition Table (GPT) is a standard for the layout of the partition table on a physical storage device used in a desktop or server PC, such as a hard disk drive or solid-state drive, using globally unique identifiers (GUID). Although it forms a part of the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) standard (Unified EFI Forum proposed replacement for the PC BIOS), it is also used on some BIOS systems because of the limitations of master boot record (MBR) partition tables, which use 32 bits for storing logical block addresses (LBA) and size information on a traditionally 512 byte disk sector.

All modern PC operating systems support GPT. Some, including macOS and Microsoft Windows on x86, support booting from GPT partitions only on systems with EFI firmware, but FreeBSD and most Linux distributions can boot from GPT partitions on systems with both legacy BIOS firmware interface and EFI.

History

Main articles: INT 13H and Enhanced BIOS

The widespread MBR partitioning scheme, dating from the early 1980s, imposed limitations that affect the use of modern hardware. One of the main limitations is the usage of 32 bits for storing block addresses and quantity information. For hard disks with 512-byte sectors, the MBR partition table entries allow up to a maximum of 2 TiB (232 × 512 bytes).[1]

Intel therefore developed a new partition table format in the late 1990s as part of what eventually became UEFI. As of 2010, GPT forms a subset of the UEFI specification.[2] GPT allocates 64 bits for logical block addresses, therefore allowing a maximum disk size of 264 sectors. For disks with 512-byte sectors, maximum size is 9.4 ZB (9.4 × 1021 bytes) or 8 ZiB (9,444,732,965,739,290,427,392 bytes, coming from 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 (264) sectors × 512 (29) bytes per sector).[1][3]

Features

MBR-based partition table schemes insert the partitioning information for (usually) four "primary" partitions in the MBR (which on a BIOS system is also the container for code that begins the process of booting the system). In a GPT, the first sector of the disk is reserved for a "protective MBR" such that booting a BIOS-based computer from a GPT disk is supported, but the bootloader and operating system must both be GPT-aware.[citation needed]

Like modern MBRs, GPTs use logical block addressing (LBA) in place of the historical cylinder-head-sector (CHS) addressing. The protective MBR is contained in LBA 0, the GPT header is in LBA 1, and the GPT header has a pointer to the partition table, or Partition Entry Array, typically LBA 2. The UEFI specification stipulates that a minimum of 16,384 bytes, regardless of sector size, be allocated for the Partition Entry Array.[4] On a disk having 512-byte sectors, a partition entry array size of 16,384 bytes and the minimum size of 128 bytes for each partition entry, LBA 34 is the first usable sector on the disk.

Hard-disk manufacturers are transitioning to 4,096-byte sectors. The first such drives continued to present 512-byte physical sectors to the OS, so degraded performance could result when the drive's physical 4 KB sector boundaries did not coincide with the 4 KB logical blocks, clusters and virtual memory pages common in many operating systems and file systems. This was a particular problem on writes, when the drive is forced to perform two read-modify-write operations to satisfy a single misaligned 4 KB write operation.[5]

For backward compatibility with most legacy operating systems such as DOS, OS/2, and versions of Windows before Vista, MBR partitions must always start on track boundaries according to the traditional CHS addressing scheme and end on a cylinder boundary. This is also true of partitions with emulated CHS geometries (as reflected by the BIOS and the CHS sectors entries in the MBR partition table) or partitions accessed only via LBA. Extended partitions must start on cylinder boundaries as well. This typically causes the first primary partition to start at LBA 63 on disks accessed via LBA, leaving a gap of 62 sectors with MBR-based disks, sometimes called "MBR gap", "boot track", or "embedding area". That otherwise unused disk space is commonly used by bootloaders such as GRUB for storing their second stages.[6]

MBR variants

Protective MBR (LBA 0)

For limited backward compatibility, the space of the legacy MBR is still reserved in the GPT specification, but it is now used in a way that prevents MBR-based disk utilities from misrecognizing and possibly overwriting GPT disks. This is referred to as a protective MBR.[3]

A single partition type of EEh, encompassing the entire GPT drive (where "entire" actually means as much of the drive as can be represented in an MBR), is indicated and identifies it as GPT. Operating systems and tools which cannot read GPT disks will generally recognize the disk as containing one partition of unknown type and no empty space, and will typically refuse to modify the disk unless the user explicitly requests and confirms the deletion of this partition. This minimizes accidental erasures.[3] Furthermore, GPT-aware OSes may check the protective MBR and if the enclosed partition type is not of type EEh or if there are multiple partitions defined on the target device, the OS may refuse to manipulate the partition table.[7]

While the MBR and protective MBR layouts were defined around 512 bytes per sector, the actual sector size can be larger on various media such as MO disks or hard disks with Advanced Format.[citation needed]

If the actual size of the disk exceeds the maximum partition size representable using the legacy 32-bit LBA entries in the MBR partition table, the recorded size of this partition is clipped at the maximum, thereby ignoring the rest of disk. This amounts to a maximum reported size of 2 TB, assuming a disk with 512 bytes per sector (see 512e). It would result in 16 TB with 4 KB sectors (4Kn), but since many older operating systems and tools are hard wired for a sector size of 512 bytes or are limited to 32-bit calculations, exceeding the 2 TB limit could cause compatibility problems.[3]

Hybrid MBR (LBA 0 + GPT)

In operating systems that support GPT-based boot through BIOS services rather than EFI, the first sector is also still used to store the first stage of the bootloader code, but modified to recognize GPT partitions. The bootloader in the MBR must not assume a sector size of 512 bytes.[3]

Partition table header (LBA 1)

The partition table header defines the usable blocks on the disk. It also defines the number and size of the partition entries that make up the partition table. The EFI stipulates a minimum of 16,384 bytes be reserved for the partition table array, so there are 128 partition entries reserved, each 128 bytes long.

The header contains the disk GUID. It records its own size and location (always LBA 1) and the size and location of the secondary GPT header and table (always the last sectors on the disk). Importantly, it also contains a CRC32 checksum for itself and for the partition table, which may be verified by the firmware, bootloader, or operating system on boot. Because of this, hex editors should not be used to modify the contents of the GPT. Such modification would render the checksum invalid. In this case, the primary GPT may be overwritten with the secondary one by disk recovery software. If both GPTs contain invalid checksums, many bootloaders (those governed by an integrity model in particular) and operating systems will refuse to work with the disk until the corrupted partition tables are repaired or removed.

GPT header format
Offset Length Contents
0 (0x00) 8 bytes Signature ("EFI PART", 45h 46h 49h 20h 50h 41h 52h 54h or 0x5452415020494645ULL[a] on little-endian machines)
8 (0x08) 4 bytes Revision (for GPT version 1.0 (through at least UEFI version 2.7 (May 2017)), the value is 00h 00h 01h 00h)
12 (0x0C) 4 bytes Header size in little endian (in bytes, usually 5Ch 00h 00h 00h or 92 bytes)
16 (0x10) 4 bytes CRC32/zlib of header (offset +0 up to header size) in little endian, with this field zeroed during calculation
20 (0x14) 4 bytes Reserved; must be zero
24 (0x18) 8 bytes Current LBA (location of this header copy)
32 (0x20) 8 bytes Backup LBA (location of the other header copy)
40 (0x28) 8 bytes First usable LBA for partitions (primary partition table last LBA + 1)
48 (0x30) 8 bytes Last usable LBA (secondary partition table first LBA - 1)
56 (0x38) 16 bytes Disk GUID (also referred as UUID on UNIXes)
72 (0x48) 8 bytes Starting LBA of array of partition entries (always 2 in primary copy)
80 (0x50) 4 bytes Number of partition entries in array
84 (0x54) 4 bytes Size of a single partition entry (usually 80h or 128)
88 (0x58) 4 bytes CRC32/zlib of partition array in little endian
92 (0x5C) * Reserved; must be zeroes for the rest of the block (420 bytes for a sector size of 512 bytes; but can be more with larger sector sizes)

The values for current and backup LBAs of the primary header should be the second sector of the disk (LBA 1) and the last sector of the disk, respectively. The secondary header at the end of the disk identifies its own table of partition entries, which is located directly before that header.

Since the primary header must be located at LBA 1, it will not necessarily be physically contiguous with the MBR; on an Advanced Format disk with 4 KB sectors, the header will be located at the byte 4096 from the beginning of the disk, leaving a gap of unused space between it and the MBR. On such a disk, the byte 512 that directly follows the MBR is still part of LBA 0. However, a disk with 512-byte sectors will store its GPT header at byte 512 because, as such, that position corresponds to LBA 1.

Partition entries

GUID partition entry format
Offset Length Contents
0 (0x00) 16 bytes Partition type GUID
16 (0x10) 16 bytes Unique partition GUID
32 (0x20) 8 bytes First LBA (little endian)
40 (0x28) 8 bytes Last LBA (inclusive, usually odd)
48 (0x30) 8 bytes Attribute flags (e.g. bit 60 denotes read-only)
56 (0x38) 72 bytes Partition name (36 UTF-16LE code units)

After the header, the Partition Entry Array describes partitions, using a minimum size of 128 bytes for each entry block.[8] The starting location of the array on disk, and the size of each entry, are given in the GPT header. The first 16 bytes of each entry designate the partition type's globally unique identifier (GUID). For example, the GUID for an EFI system partition is C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B. The second 16 bytes are a GUID unique to the partition. Then follow the starting and ending 64 bit LBAs, partition attributes, and the 36 character (max) Unicode partition name. As is the nature and purpose of GUIDs, no central registry is needed to ensure the uniqueness of the GUID partition type designators.

Also, the sector size must not be assumed to be hard-wired to 512 bytes per sector in calculations (see Advanced Format). That is, there can be more than four partition entries in a single sector, and (with much larger partition table entries possible in the future) it is possible to have a sector hold only a fraction of a partition entry. Except for the first two sectors (LBA 0 and LBA 1), the GPT specification describes the size and organization of a data structure, but intentionally does not specify the number of sectors on disk that are used to store it.

The 64-bit partition table attributes are shared between 48-bit common attributes for all partition types, and 16-bit type-specific attributes:

Partition attributes
Bit Content
0 Platform required (required by the computer to function properly, OEM partition for example, disk partitioning utilities must preserve the partition as is)
1 EFI firmware should ignore the content of the partition and not try to read from it
2 Legacy BIOS bootable (equivalent to active flag (typically bit 7 set) at offset +0h in partition entries of the MBR partition table)[9]
3–47 Reserved for future use
48–63 Defined and used by the individual partition type

Microsoft defines the type-specific attributes for basic data partition as:[10][11]

Basic data partition attributes
Bit Content
60 Read-only
61 Shadow copy (of another partition)
62 Hidden
63 No drive letter (i.e. do not automount)

Operating-system support

See also: UEFI: Disk device compatibility

UNIX and Unix-like systems

Details of GPT support on UNIX and Unix-like operating systems
OS family Version or edition Platform Read and write support Boot support Note
FreeBSD Since 7.0 IA-32, x86-64, ARM Yes Yes In a hybrid configuration, both GPT and MBR partition identifiers may be used.
Linux Most of the x86 Linux distributions
Fedora 8+ and Ubuntu 8.04+[12] 		IA-32, x86-64 Yes Yes New tools such as gdisk, GNU Parted,[13][14] util-linux v2.23+ fdisk,[15][16] Syslinux, GRUB 0.96 + patches and GRUB 2 have been GPT-enabled.
macOS Since 10.4.0 (some features since 10.4.6)[17] IA-32, x86-64, PowerPC Yes Yes Only Intel Macintosh computers can boot from GPT.
MidnightBSD Since 0.4-CURRENT IA-32, x86-64 Yes Requires BIOS In a hybrid configuration, both GPT and MBR partition identifiers may be used.
Solaris Since Solaris 10 IA-32, x86-64, SPARC Yes Yes [18]
HP-UX Since HP-UX 11.20 IA-64 Yes Yes [19]

Windows: 32-bit versions

Windows 7 and earlier do not support UEFI on 32-bit platforms, and therefore do not allow booting from GPT partitions.[citation needed]

Details of GPT support on 32-bit editions of Microsoft Windows[20]
OS version Release date Platform Read or write support Boot support Note
Windows XP 2001-10-25 IA-32 No No
Windows Server 2003 2003-04-24 IA-32 No No
Windows Server 2003 SP1 2005-03-30 IA-32 Yes No MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration
Windows Vista 2006-07-22 IA-32 Yes No MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration
Windows Server 2008 2008-02-27 IA-32 Yes No MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration
Windows 7 2009-10-22 IA-32 Yes No MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration
Windows 8 2012-08-01 IA-32 Yes Requires UEFI[21] MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration
Windows 8.1 2013-08-27 IA-32 Yes Requires UEFI[21] MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration
Windows 10 2015-07-29 IA-32 Yes Requires UEFI[21] MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration

Windows: 64-bit versions

Details of GPT support on 64-bit editions of Microsoft Windows[20]
OS version Release date Platform Read and write support Boot support Note
Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
Windows Server 2003 		2005-04-25[22] x64 Yes No MBR takes precedence in hybrid MBR configuration
Windows Server 2003 2005-04-25 IA-64 Yes Yes MBR takes precedence in hybrid MBR configuration
Windows Vista 2006-07-22 x64 Yes Requires UEFI[b] MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration
Windows Server 2008 2008-02-27 x64 Yes Requires UEFI MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration
Windows Server 2008 2008-02-27 IA-64 Yes Yes MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration
Windows 7 2009-10-22 x64 Yes Requires UEFI[c] MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration.
Windows Server 2008 R2 2009-10-22 IA-64 Yes Yes MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration
Windows 8
Windows Server 2012 		2012-08-01 x64 Yes Requires UEFI[21] MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration.
Windows 8.1 2013-08-27 x64 Yes Requires UEFI[21] MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration
Windows 10 2015-07-29 x64 Yes Requires UEFI[21] MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration
Windows Server 2016 2016-10-12 x64 Yes Requires UEFI[21] MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration

Partition type GUIDs

Operating system Partition type Globally unique identifier (GUID)[d]
(None) Unused entry 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
MBR partition scheme 024DEE41-33E7-11D3-9D69-0008C781F39F
EFI System partition C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
BIOS boot partition[e] 21686148-6449-6E6F-744E-656564454649
Intel Fast Flash (iFFS) partition (for Intel Rapid Start technology)[23][24] D3BFE2DE-3DAF-11DF-BA40-E3A556D89593
Sony boot partition[f] F4019732-066E-4E12-8273-346C5641494F
Lenovo boot partition[f] BFBFAFE7-A34F-448A-9A5B-6213EB736C22
Windows Microsoft Reserved Partition (MSR) E3C9E316-0B5C-4DB8-817D-F92DF00215AE
Basic data partition[g] EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
Logical Disk Manager (LDM) metadata partition 5808C8AA-7E8F-42E0-85D2-E1E90434CFB3
Logical Disk Manager data partition AF9B60A0-1431-4F62-BC68-3311714A69AD
Windows Recovery Environment DE94BBA4-06D1-4D40-A16A-BFD50179D6AC
IBM General Parallel File System (GPFS) partition 37AFFC90-EF7D-4E96-91C3-2D7AE055B174
Storage Spaces partition E75CAF8F-F680-4CEE-AFA3-B001E56EFC2D
HP-UX Data partition 75894C1E-3AEB-11D3-B7C1-7B03A0000000
Service Partition E2A1E728-32E3-11D6-A682-7B03A0000000
Linux Linux filesystem data[g] 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4
RAID partition A19D880F-05FC-4D3B-A006-743F0F84911E
Root partition (x86)[27] 44479540-F297-41B2-9AF7-D131D5F0458A
Root partition (x86-64)[27] 4F68BCE3-E8CD-4DB1-96E7-FBCAF984B709
Root partition (32-bit ARM)[27] 69DAD710-2CE4-4E3C-B16C-21A1D49ABED3
Root partition (64-bit ARM/AArch64)[27] B921B045-1DF0-41C3-AF44-4C6F280D3FAE
Swap partition 0657FD6D-A4AB-43C4-84E5-0933C84B4F4F
Logical Volume Manager (LVM) partition E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928
/home partition[27] 933AC7E1-2EB4-4F13-B844-0E14E2AEF915
/srv (server data) partition[27] 3B8F8425-20E0-4F3B-907F-1A25A76F98E8
Plain dm-crypt partition[28][29] 7FFEC5C9-2D00-49B7-8941-3EA10A5586B7
LUKS partition[28][29] CA7D7CCB-63ED-4C53-861C-1742536059CC
Reserved 8DA63339-0007-60C0-C436-083AC8230908
FreeBSD Boot partition 83BD6B9D-7F41-11DC-BE0B-001560B84F0F
Data partition 516E7CB4-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
Swap partition 516E7CB5-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
Unix File System (UFS) partition 516E7CB6-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
Vinum volume manager partition 516E7CB8-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
ZFS partition 516E7CBA-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
macOS
Darwin 		Hierarchical File System Plus (HFS+) partition 48465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
Apple UFS 55465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
ZFS[h] 6A898CC3-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
Apple RAID partition 52414944-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
Apple RAID partition, offline 52414944-5F4F-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
Apple Boot partition (Recovery HD) 426F6F74-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
Apple Label 4C616265-6C00-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
Apple TV Recovery partition 5265636F-7665-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
Apple Core Storage (i.e. Lion FileVault) partition 53746F72-6167-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
SoftRAID_Status B6FA30DA-92D2-4A9A-96F1-871EC6486200
SoftRAID_Scratch 2E313465-19B9-463F-8126-8A7993773801
SoftRAID_Volume FA709C7E-65B1-4593-BFD5-E71D61DE9B02
SoftRAID_Cache BBBA6DF5-F46F-4A89-8F59-8765B2727503
Solaris
illumos 		Boot partition 6A82CB45-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
Root partition 6A85CF4D-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
Swap partition 6A87C46F-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
Backup partition 6A8B642B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
/usr partition[h] 6A898CC3-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
/var partition 6A8EF2E9-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
/home partition 6A90BA39-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
Alternate sector 6A9283A5-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
Reserved partition 6A945A3B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
6A9630D1-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
6A980767-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
6A96237F-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
6A8D2AC7-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
NetBSD[30][i] Swap partition 49F48D32-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
FFS partition 49F48D5A-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
LFS partition 49F48D82-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
RAID partition 49F48DAA-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
Concatenated partition 2DB519C4-B10F-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
Encrypted partition 2DB519EC-B10F-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
ChromeOS[31] ChromeOS kernel FE3A2A5D-4F32-41A7-B725-ACCC3285A309
ChromeOS rootfs 3CB8E202-3B7E-47DD-8A3C-7FF2A13CFCEC
ChromeOS future use 2E0A753D-9E48-43B0-8337-B15192CB1B5E
Haiku[32] Haiku BFS 42465331-3BA3-10F1-802A-4861696B7521
MidnightBSD[33][i] Boot partition 85D5E45E-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
Data partition 85D5E45A-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
Swap partition 85D5E45B-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
Unix File System (UFS) partition 0394EF8B-237E-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
Vinum volume manager partition 85D5E45C-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
ZFS partition 85D5E45D-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
Ceph Ceph Journal[j] 45B0969E-9B03-4F30-B4C6-B4B80CEFF106
Ceph dm-crypt Encrypted Journal[j] 45B0969E-9B03-4F30-B4C6-5EC00CEFF106
Ceph OSD[j] 4FBD7E29-9D25-41B8-AFD0-062C0CEFF05D
Ceph dm-crypt OSD[j] 4FBD7E29-9D25-41B8-AFD0-5EC00CEFF05D
Ceph disk in creation[j] 89C57F98-2FE5-4DC0-89C1-F3AD0CEFF2BE
Ceph dm-crypt disk in creation[j] 89C57F98-2FE5-4DC0-89C1-5EC00CEFF2BE
OpenBSD Data partition 824CC7A0-36A8-11E3-890A-952519AD3F61
QNX Power-safe (QNX6) file system[35] CEF5A9AD-73BC-4601-89F3-CDEEEEE321A1
Plan 9 Plan 9 partition C91818F9-8025-47AF-89D2-F030D7000C2C
VMware ESX vmkcore (coredump partition) 9D275380-40AD-11DB-BF97-000C2911D1B8
VMFS filesystem partition AA31E02A-400F-11DB-9590-000C2911D1B8
VMware Reserved 9198EFFC-31C0-11DB-8F78-000C2911D1B8
Android-IA[36][37] Bootloader 2568845D-2332-4675-BC39-8FA5A4748D15
Bootloader2 114EAFFE-1552-4022-B26E-9B053604CF84
Boot 49A4D17F-93A3-45C1-A0DE-F50B2EBE2599
Recovery 4177C722-9E92-4AAB-8644-43502BFD5506
Misc EF32A33B-A409-486C-9141-9FFB711F6266
Metadata 20AC26BE-20B7-11E3-84C5-6CFDB94711E9
System 38F428E6-D326-425D-9140-6E0EA133647C
Cache A893EF21-E428-470A-9E55-0668FD91A2D9
Data DC76DDA9-5AC1-491C-AF42-A82591580C0D
Persistent EBC597D0-2053-4B15-8B64-E0AAC75F4DB1
Factory 8F68CC74-C5E5-48DA-BE91-A0C8C15E9C80
Fastboot / Tertiary[38] 767941D0-2085-11E3-AD3B-6CFDB94711E9
OEM AC6D7924-EB71-4DF8-B48D-E267B27148FF
Open Network Install Environment (ONIE) Boot 7412F7D5-A156-4B13-81DC-867174929325
Config D4E6E2CD-4469-46F3-B5CB-1BFF57AFC149
PowerPC PReP boot 9E1A2D38-C612-4316-AA26-8B49521E5A8B
freedesktop.org OSes (Linux, etc.) Shared boot loader configuration[39] BC13C2FF-59E6-4262-A352-B275FD6F7172
Atari TOS Basic data partition (GEM, BGM, F32) 734E5AFE-F61A-11E6-BC64-92361F002671

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Adding ULL suffix to an integer constant makes it of type unsigned long long int.
  2. ^ Only if using its service pack 1 or 2
  3. ^ In a multi-disk setup, non-UEFI bootloader (boot drive) requires MBR-based partitioning, while a system drive can use GUID partitioning.
  4. ^ The GUIDs in this table are written assuming a little-endian byte order. For example, the GUID for an EFI System partition is written as C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B here, which corresponds to the 16 byte sequence 28h 73h 2Ah C1h 1Fh F8h D2h 11h BAh 4Bh 00h A0h C9h 3Eh C9h 3Bh – only the first three blocks are byte-swapped.
  5. ^ The formation of this GUID does not follow the GUID definition; it is formed by using the ASCII codes for the string "Hah!IdontNeedEFI". Such formation of "GUID" value breaks down the guaranteed uniqueness of GUID.
  6. ^ a b Some computer manufacturers have their own GUIDs for partitions that are analogous to the EFI System Partition, but that hold boot loaders to launch manufacturer-specific recovery tools.[25]
  7. ^ a b Previously, Linux used the same GUID for the data partitions as Windows (Basic data partition: EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7). Linux never had a separate unique partition type GUID defined for its data partitions. This created problems when dual-booting Linux and Windows in UEFI-GPT setup. The new GUID (Linux filesystem data: 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4) was defined jointly by GPT fdisk and GNU Parted developers.[26] It is identified as type code 0x8300 in GPT fdisk. (See definitions in gdisk's parttypes.cc)
  8. ^ a b The GUID for /usr on Solaris is used as a generic GUID for ZFS by macOS.
  9. ^ a b NetBSD and MidnightBSD had used the FreeBSD GUIDs before their unique GUIDs were created.
  10. ^ a b c d e f The Ceph filesystem uses GUIDs to mark the state of preparation a disk is in.[34]

References

  1. ^ a b "FAQ: Drive Partition Limits" (PDF). UEFI Forum. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  2. ^ Nikkel, Bruce J. (September 2009). "Forensic analysis of GPT disks and GUID partition tables". Digital Investigation. 6 (1–2): 39–47. doi:10.1016/j.diin.2009.07.001. The current popular BIOS and MBR partitioning scheme was originally developed in the early 1980s for the IBM Personal Computer using IBM PC-DOS or MS-DOS. The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) provides an interface to the hardware and initiates the boot process (IBM, 1983). The MBR, located in sector zero, contains the initial boot code and a four entry partition table (Microsoft, 1983). Intended to solve booting and partitioning limitations with newer hardware, a replacement for both the BIOS and the MBR partition table was developed by Intel in the late 1990s (Intel, 2000). This is now called the Unified EFI (UEFI, 2008 UEFI Forum. Unified extensible firmware interface specification version 2.2 2008.UEFI, 2008) specification, and managed by the UEFI Forum (UEFI, 2009). A subset of this specification includes GPT, intended to replace the DOS/MBR partition tables.
  3. ^ a b c d e Smith, Roderick W. (2012-07-03). "Make the Most of Large Drives with GPT and Linux". IBM. Retrieved 2013-05-29.
  4. ^ "UEFI specification". UEFI.org.
  5. ^ "Western Digital's Advanced Format: The 4K Sector Transition Begins". Anandtech.com. Anandtech.
  6. ^ "Installation". 3.4 BIOS installation. GNU GRUB. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
  7. ^ "Technical Note TN2166: Secrets of the GPT". Developer.Apple.com. Apple. 2006-11-06. Retrieved 2014-04-16.
  8. ^ The GPT header contains a field that specifies the size of a partition table entry. The minimum required is 128 bytes, but implementations must allow for other values. See "Mac Developer Library". Developer.Apple.com. Apple. Retrieved 2014-07-13.
  9. ^ "e09127r3 EDD-4 Hybrid MBR Boot Code Annex" (PDF). T13.org.
  10. ^ https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc753455.aspx#Anchor_1
  11. ^ https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa381635.aspx
  12. ^ "Ubuntu on MacBook". Ubuntu Community Documentation.
  13. ^ "GNU Parted FAQ".
  14. ^ "mklabel - GNU Parted Manual".
  15. ^ "fdisk: add GPT support". kernel.org. 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  16. ^ Davidlohr Bueso (2013-09-28). "fdisk updates and GPT support". Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  17. ^ "Myths and Facts About Intel Macs". rEFIt.
  18. ^ "Booting from a ZFS Root File System".
  19. ^ "idisk(1M)" (PDF). Hewlett-Packard.
  20. ^ a b "Windows and GPT FAQ". Microsoft.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g Windows 8 32-bit supports booting from UEFI-based PC using GPT-based disks.
  22. ^ Microsoft raises the speed limit with the availability of 64-bit editions of Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Professional
  23. ^ ftp://download.gigabyte.ru/manual/mb_manual_intel-ui_e.pdf
  24. ^ "F6F: Funtoo Linux and Intel Rapid Start Technology". Blog.adios.tw. 2012-10-30. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  25. ^ GPT fdisk: parttypes.cc, line 198
  26. ^ Smith, Rod (23 June 2011). "Need for a unique Linux GPT GUID type code (PATCH included)". bug-parted (Mailing list). Retrieved 12 April 2016. {{cite mailing list}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |mailinglist= ignored (|mailing-list= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ a b c d e f The Discoverable Partitions Specification
  28. ^ a b "[dm-crypt] LUKS GPT GUID". Saout.de. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  29. ^ a b "[dm-crypt] LUKS GPT GUID". Saout.de. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  30. ^ "CVS log for src/sys/sys/disklabel_gpt.h". Cvsweb.netbsd.org. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  31. ^ "Disk Format - The Chromium Projects". Chromium.org. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  32. ^ src/add-ons/kernel/partitioning_systems/gpt/gpt_known_guids.h
  33. ^ http://www.midnightbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/src/sys/sys/gpt.h.diff?r1=1.4;r2=1.5 src/sys/sys/gpt.h
  34. ^ Script to set up a ceph disk: ceph-disk, lines 76-81
  35. ^ QNX Power-safe filesystem
  36. ^ "gpt.ini (github.com/android-ia/vendor_intel_baytrail)".
  37. ^ "gpt-sample.ini (github.com/android-ia/platform_bootable_userfastboot)".
  38. ^ "gpt.c (github.com/android-ia/platform_bootable_userfastboot)".
  39. ^ "The Boot Loader Specification". freedesktop.org. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
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