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Wasting of water

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Wasting of water (also called water waste in the U.S.) means causing or permitting discharge of water without any practical purpose. Inefficient water use is also considered wasteful. By EPA estimate, household leaks in the U.S. can waste approximately 900 billion gallons (3.4 billion cubic meters) of water annually nationwide.[1]

Definition

Generally, water management agencies are reluctant or unwilling to give a concrete definition to the somewhat fuzzy concept of water waste.[2] Legal definition of water waste is often given in local drought emergency ordinances and includes any acts or omissions, whether willful or negligent, that are “causing or permitting water to leak, discharge, flow or run to waste into any gutter, sanitary sewer, watercourse or public or private storm drain, or to any adjacent property, from any tap, hose, faucet, pipe, sprinkler, pond, pool, waterway, fountain or nozzle.”.[3] In this example, the city code also clarifies that “in the case of washing, “discharge,” “flow” or “run to waste” means that water in excess of that necessary to wash, wet or clean the dirty or dusty object, such as an automobile, sidewalk, or parking area, flows to waste. Typically, a list of specific acts or omissions that constitute the waste of water is also given.

Examples of wasteful uses of water

Leaking garden hose bib

Water utilities (and other media sources) often provide listings of wasteful water-use practices, prohibitions or water saving tips. Examples include utilities in San Antonio, Texas.[4] Las Vegas, Nevada,[5] California Water Service company in California,[6] and City of San Diego, California.[7]

Strictly speaking, water that is discharged into sewer, or directly to the environment is not wasted or lost. It remains within the hydrologic cycle and returns to land surface and surface water bodies as precipitation. However, in many cases the source of the water is at a significant distance from the return point and may be in a different catchment. The separation between extraction point and return point can represent significant environmental degradation in the watercourse and riparian strip. What is "wasted" is community's supply of water that was captured, stored, transported and treated to drinking quality standards. Efficient use of water saves the expense of water supply provision and leaves more fresh water in lakes, rivers and aquifers for other users and also for supporting ecosystems. Two concepts that are closely related to water wasting are "water-use efficiency" and "water conservation."

Water use is inefficient if the same purpose of its use can be accomplished with less water. Technical efficiency, derives from engineering practice where it is typically used to describe the ratio of output to input. Technical efficiency is useful in comparing various products and processes.[8] For example, one showerhead would be considered more efficient than another if it could accomplish the same purpose (i.e., of showering) by using less water or other inputs (e.g., lower water pressure). However, the technical efficiency concept is not useful in making decisions of investing money (or resources) in water conservation measures unless the inputs and outputs are measured in value terms. This expression of efficiency is referred to as economic efficiency.

Water conservation can be defined as any beneficial reduction in water use or water losses.[9] The term “beneficial reduction” signifies a requirement (consistent with the concept of economic efficiency) that the reduction in water use or losses results in a net increase in social welfare where the resources used have a lesser value than those saved. This definition provides guidance (through benefit-cost analysis) for long-term water conservation or undertaking improvements in efficiency of water use; however, it cannot be easily applied to short-term restrictions and prohibitions of some uses of water which are usually aimed at curtailing water demand during a drought in order to prevent adverse impacts of severe shortages in the future if the drought continues.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Statistics and Facts | WaterSense | US EPA". Epa.gov. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
  2. ^ "Janet C. Neuman. Beneficial Use, Waste, and Forfeiture:The Inefficient Search for Efficiency in Western Water Use" (PDF). Retrieved 2017-08-06.
  3. ^ "14.09.030 Definition of water waste". Qcode.us. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
  4. ^ "SAWS Report Water Waste - What is Water Waste?". Saws.org. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
  5. ^ "Water Waste". Lvvwd.com. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
  6. ^ "Report Water Waste". Cal Water. 2015-12-03. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
  7. ^ "Water Saving Tips | City of San Diego Official Website". Sandiego.gov. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
  8. ^ Dziegielewski, B. J.; Kiefer, C. (January 22, 2010). "Water Conservation Measurement Metrics: Guidance Report" (PDF). American Water Works Association.
  9. ^ Duane D. Baumann; John J. Boland; John H. Sims (April 1984). "Water Conservation: The Struggle over Definition". Water Resources Research. 20: 428–434.
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