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Candidate of Philosophy

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Candidate of Philosophy can refer to the US degree or status of Candidate in Philosophy (C.Phil. or Ph.C) or various degrees from other countries. In a few countries the degree is at a level similar to a bachelor's degree elsewhere.

United States

See also: All but dissertation

In the United States, it is normal for graduate students working toward a doctorate to take coursework followed by examinations (known variously as candidacy examinations, comprehensive examinations or qualifiers) after which they become candidates for the doctorate.[1] At a few institutions, this status is officially recognized either by a degree or some other official title. This is normally intended to be an interim status, prior to the award of a doctorate, not to be confused with the terminal master's degree awarded by some programs to those who leave after their candidacy examination.[2][3]

University of California

Seven of the ten University of California campuses offer the Candidate in Philosophy (C.Phil.) degree to those who have passed the candidacy exam for the PhD in some programs. On some campuses it is only awarded to those leaving without a master's or a doctorate.

  • University of California, Berkeley[4]
  • University of California, Davis[5]
  • University of California, Los Angeles[6]
  • University of California, Riverside[7]
  • University of California, San Diego[8]
  • University of California, San Francisco[9]
  • University of California, Santa Barbara[10]

University of Washington

The University of Washington awards a certificate of Candidate in Philosophy (Ph.C.) to those admitted to candidacy for the Ph.D., alongside the Candidate in Education (Ed.C.) and Candidate in Musical Arts (C.M.A.) for those admitted to candidacy for the degrees of Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) and Doctor of Musical Arts (D.M.A.). These are designations for candidate status rather than degrees.[11]

Scandinavia

Denmark

The candidatus/candidata philosophiae degree (cand.phil.) was a master's-level first degree. It was awarded after four years' study and included a dissertation. As part of Bologna Process of degree reforms, it was abandoned in 1995/6.[12]

Sweden

In Sweden, sv:filosofie kandidat (fil.kand. or FK) is the title for the holder of a bachelor's degree (filosofie kandidatexamen).[13]

Finland

In Finland, the graduate degree (cf. Master) was formerly called fi:filosofian kandidaatti (fil.kand. or FK[14]) . The title filosofian maisteri "Master of Philosophy" (usually translated as Master of Arts of Master of Science depending on the field of study) was received thereafter ceremonially and required no further academic work. However, the present practice is that filosofian maisteri is the name of the graduate degree, and filosofian kandidaatti is no longer awarded. The names for the undergraduate degrees (cf. Bachelor) have not gone under any corresponding changes; they are called luonnontieteiden kandidaatti "Candidate of Natural Sciences" and humanististen tieteiden kandidaatti "Candidate of Humanities" and (See fi:Kandidaatti).[citation needed]

Former Soviet Union

  • In Russia and ex-Soviet Union countries, kandidat minimum refers to the necessary coursework required for the post-graduate research degree kandidat nauk (comparable to Western PhD). Kandidat minimum includes work in the area of specialization, foreign languages and the philosophy of science.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ "Structure of the U.S. Education System: Research Doctorate Degrees". U.S. Department of Education. February 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  2. ^ "Master's Program". Brandeis University. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  3. ^ Anne Clark Bartlett (2004). "Is It Terminal? Re-Evaluating the Master's Degree". The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association. 37 (2): 26–26. JSTOR 4144694.
  4. ^ "The Candidate in Philosophy Degree". UC Berkeley. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  5. ^ "Regulations of the Davis Division of the Academic Senate". UC Davis. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  6. ^ "ADVANCEMENT TO CANDIDACY". UCLA. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  7. ^ "General Catalog 2016-2017" (PDF). UC Riverside. p. 62. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  8. ^ "Requirements for the Candidate in Philosophy (C. Phil.) Degree at San Diego". UC San Diego. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  9. ^ "The Doctor of Philosophy Degree". UC San Francisco. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  10. ^ "Section 3: Candidate in Philosophy Degree". UC Santa Barbara. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  11. ^ "Scholastic Regulations". University of Washington. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  12. ^ "Reforms and previous systems". Ministry of Higher Education and Science (Denmark). Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  13. ^ "filosofie kandidat" (in Swedish). Nationalencyklopedin. 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  14. ^ "Lyhenteitä: a – fil. toht. (Abbreviations: a - fil.)". fi:Kielikello (in Finnish). Institute for the Languages of Finland. April 2000. Retrieved 26 August 2017.

Bibliography

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