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Volvo Engine Architecture

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Volvo Engine Architecture
Overview
ManufacturerVolvo Cars
Also calledVEP4Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).[1]
VED4[2]
GEP3[3][4][5][6]
Production2013[7]–present
Layout
ConfigurationI3,[8] I4[9]
Displacement1.5 L[8][10]–2.0 L[11]
Cylinder block materialAluminum[12]
Cylinder head materialAluminum[12]
ValvetrainDOHC
RPM range
Idle speed825 rpm – 850 rpm
Max. engine speedPetrol: 6000 rpm
Diesel: 5000 rpm
Combustion
Fuel systemPetrol:
Sequential direct fuel injection
Diesel:
Common rail with i-ART
ManagementDenso EMS[13][14]
Bosch ME
Fuel typePetrol[15]
Diesel[15]
Oil systemWet sump
Cooling systemWater-cooled
Emissions
Emissions target standardEuro 6
Euro 6b[16]
Euro 6d[17]
SULEV30/PZEV[18]
Emissions control systemsPetrol:
Catalytic converter
Catalytic converter with particle filter
Diesel:
EGR with DPF & LNT[16]
EGR with DPF, LNT & SCR
Chronology
PredecessorPetrol:
Volvo Modular Engine
Volvo SI6 Engine[19]
Diesel:
Volvo D5 Engine[20]

The Volvo Engine Architecture[9] is a family of straight-three and straight-four automobile petrol and diesel engines produced by Volvo Cars in Skövde,[21] Sweden, since 2013.[22] All engines are marketed under the Drive–E[13][23] designation.[24]

History

Development of the new engine family began in 2006,[25] with the decision to only produce four-cylinder engines being finalised in 2007.[25] The intention was to produce smaller,[26] more economical and environmentally friendly[27] engines that would be fitted to every Volvo model. In 2008[12] Volvo began to upgrade its Skövde engine plant and invested roughly 2 billion SEK[28] into development and tooling for the VEA.[7] In autumn of 2013,[16] the first cars with the new engines were delivered to customers, starting with the S60 II and V60 models.[29] At the same time Volvo began to phase out the five-cylinder petrol and diesel engines,[30] the six-cylinder petrol engines as well as any four-cylinder engines from other manufacturers.[28] Until the end of 2015,[31] nearly all other engines had been phased out with only a few non VEA engines remaining in production for select models.[32] Volvo completed the phaseout in 2016[33] with only two variants of the five-cylinder diesel remaining in production for the 60-series models. Volvo began testing of three-cylinder variants in mid 2014,[34] it had been planned to introduce these engines[8] in 2015. With their smaller capacity and less power they were meant to be used as base engines.[10] However this did not happen, only four-cylinder variants with 1.5 L capacity were released.[35]
With the introduction of Volvo's new flagship sedan in 2016, the S90, the PowerPulse anti-lag system for the top of the range diesel engines was unveiled. It uses a small tank of compressed air that can instantaneously be released into the turbocharger to help with spool up, thereby reducing turbo lag.[36][37] In the second half of 2017 the first production VEA three-cylinder engine was released with the debut of the London Taxi TX5, were it is used as a range extender. The first Volvo three-cylinder VEA is slated for introduction in 2018 for the XC40 under the T3 engine designation.[38]
Due to stricter emissions laws additional and improved emissions control equipment was introduced, beginning in the second half of 2017 for the 2018 model year. Diesel engines gained a SCR-catalyst to decrease NOx emissions, petrol engines received a particle filter. This improved the emissions rating to Euro 6c and for some engines to Euro 6d.[39][40] The improvements are being rolled out in stages and some engines, particularly the hybrid variants, will remain in the current Euro 6 configuration until the second quarter of 2018.

Nomenclature

The engine codes consist of a series of letters and digits:

  • 1st: Fuel type (B/D) B = Bensin (Petrol), D = Diesel
  • 2nd: Number of cylinders (3/4)
  • 3rd & 4th: Approximate displacement in deciliters, may be rounded up or down. (19 ~= 2.0 L)
  • 5th: Valves per cylinder (4)
  • 6th: (T/TS/TSH) T = turbocharged,[41] TS = turbocharged & supercharged,[42] TSH = turbocharged, supercharged, hybrid[42]
  • 7th & 8th: (4/5/6/9/11/14/20/23/27/35/44) engine variant[42]

Non standard engine codes used for certain hybrid engines:

  • 1st: Fuel type identifier (B) B = Bensin (Petrol)
  • 2nd: Type digit (1)
  • 3rd: Variant digit (A/B/F)
  • 4th–7th: Plug-in hybrid identifier (PHEV)

Petrol

1.5

All 1.5 L (1,498 cc) petrol engines have a bore of 82 mm (3.2 in) and a stroke of 70.9 mm (2.8 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. All engines are turbocharged and intercooled with direct injection. All engines are equipped with an electric water pump, but no balancer shafts.

I3 1.5

As of yet unnamed three-cylinder, 1.5 L VEA variant. It is used as a range extender and gives approx. 330 miles of additional range.[43]

Applications:

T3

As of yet unnamed three-cylinder 1.5 L VEA variant. To be introduced in 2018 as the lowest powered engine for the XC40 under the T3 designation. The T3 delivers 156 PS (115 kW; 154 hp). Single turbocharger.

This engine will only be available with a manual gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6d.(preliminary)

Applications:

B4154T4

The B4154T4 delivers 152 PS (112 kW; 150 hp) at 5000rpm and 250 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1700–4000rpm. Engine variant for cars equipped with an automatic gearbox. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TF-71SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

B4154T5

The B4154T5 delivers 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) at 5000rpm and 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1600–3500rpm. Single turbocharger. Engine variant for cars equipped with an automatic gearbox. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TF-71SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

B4154T6

The B4154T6 delivers 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) at 5000rpm and 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1600–3500rpm. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TF-71SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

2.0

All 2.0 L (1,969 cc) petrol engines have a bore of 82 mm (3.2 in) and a stroke of 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1.[49] All engines are turbocharged and intercooled with direct injection. More powerful versions are equipped with a roots type supercharger in addition to being turbocharged and intercooled. All engines come with an electric water pump and balancer shafts.

B4204T9

The B4204T9[50] delivers 302 PS (222 kW; 298 hp) at 5700rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque between 2100–4500rpm.[51] For 2016 minor changes increased power output to 306 PS (225 kW; 302 hp) at 5700rpm.[52] Turbocharger and supercharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6, beginning with model year 2018 emissions level Euro 6b.[53]

Applications:

B4204T10

The B4204T10[56] delivers 302 PS (222 kW; 298 hp) at 5700rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque between 2100–4500rpm.

Emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

B4204T11

The B4204T11[58] delivers 245 PS (180 kW; 242 hp) at 5500rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1500–4800rpm.[59] The compression ratio was changed to 10.8:1. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

A specially designed ULEV2 emissions variant of this engine exists.[60]

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

B4204T12

The B4204T12[58] delivers 240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp) at 5600rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1500–4500rpm. Single turbocharger.

This engine is a PZEV emissions variant and features additional emissions reducing equipment.[74][75][76]

Applications:

B4204T14

The B4204T14 delivers 247 PS (182 kW; 244 hp) at 5500rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1800–4800rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 10.8:1. Single turbocharger.

The engine is equipped with a particle filter. Emissions level Euro 6d.(preliminary)

Applications:

B4204T15

The B4204T15[79] delivers 220 PS (162 kW; 217 hp) at 5500rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1500–4000rpm. The compression ration was changed to 10.8:1.[80] Single turbocharger.

TO BE PHASED OUT // CHECK MY

Applications:

B4204T19

The B4204T19 delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 4700rpm and 300 N⋅m (220 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1350–4000rpm.[59] The compression ratio was changed to 11.3:1. Single turbocharger.

This engine is available with the M66H, M76, AW TF81-SC and AW TF-71SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6, beginning with model year 2018 emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

B4204T20

The B4204T20 delivers 249 PS (183 kW; 246 hp) at 5500rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1500–4500rpm. Single turbocharger.

Emissions level Euro 6, for the XC60 II emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

B4204T21

The B4204T21 delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 5000rpm and 320 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1500–4000rpm.[87] Single turbocharger.

Applications:

B4204T23

The B4204T23 delivers 254 PS (187 kW; 251 hp) at 5500rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1500–4800rpm. Single turbocharger.

Emissions level Euro 6, for the XC60 II emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

B4204T26

The B4204T26 delivers 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 5500rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1800–4800rpm. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

B4204T27

The B4204T27[94] delivers 320 PS (235 kW; 316 hp) at 5700rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque between 2200–5400rpm. Turbocharger and supercharger.

Emissions level Euro 6, for the XC60 II emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

B4204T28

The B4204T28[95][96] (B1BPHEV)[97][98] delivers 318 PS (234 kW; 314 hp)[99] at 5700rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque between 2200–5400rpm. The rear electric motor (ERAD) delivers 87 PS (64 kW; 86 hp) and 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque. Turbocharger and supercharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Battery capacity was Template:KWh for model years 2016 and 2017. It was increased to Template:KWh[100] beginning with model year 2018. Engine designation was changed to B4204T28 (B1FPHEV).

Emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

  • 2017–present Volvo XC60 II badged as XC60 T8, XC60 T8 AWD, XC60 Twin Engine[101] or XC60 T8 TWIN ENGINE AWD
  • 2017–present Volvo S90 II badged as S90 T8, S90 T8 AWD, S90 Twin Engine[100] or S90 T8 TWIN ENGINE AWD
  • 2016–present Volvo XC90 II badged as XC90 T8, XC90 T8 AWD, XC90 Twin Engine or XC90 T8 TWIN ENGINE AWD

B4204T29

The B4204T29[102][103][104] delivers 310 PS (228 kW; 306 hp) at 5700rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque between 2200–5400rpm. Turbocharger and supercharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

B4204T31

The B4204T31 delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 5000rpm and 300 N⋅m (220 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1600–4000rpm. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

B4204T32

The B4204T32[105] delivers 238 PS (175 kW; 235 hp) at 5700rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1500–4500rpm. The rear electric motor (ERAD) delivers 68 PS (50 kW; 67 hp) and 200 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) of torque.[106] Turbocharger and supercharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Battery capacity is 11.2kWh.[107]

Applications:

B4204T34

TBD
#...3038 TB/STB

B4204T35

The B4204T35[94][95] (B1APHEV)[110] delivers 320 PS (235 kW; 316 hp) at 5700rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque between 2200–5400rpm. The rear electric motor (ERAD) delivers 87 PS (64 kW; 86 hp) and 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque. Turbocharger and supercharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6, for the XC60 II emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

  • 2017–present Volvo XC60 II badged as XC60 T8, XC60 T8 AWD,[88] XC60 Twin Engine[101] or XC60 T8 TWIN ENGINE AWD
  • 2016–present Volvo S90 II badged as S90 T8, S90 T8 AWD, S90 Twin Engine or S90 T8 TWIN ENGINE AWD
  • 2016–present Volvo V90 II badged as V90 T8, V90 T8 AWD, V90 Twin Engine or V90 T8 TWIN ENGINE AWD
  • 2015–present Volvo XC90 II badged as XC90 T8, XC90 T8 AWD, XC90 Twin Engine[111] or XC90 T8 TWIN ENGINE AWD

B4204T37

The B4204T37[112] delivers 152 PS (112 kW; 150 hp) at 5000rpm and 250 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1300–4000rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 11.3:1. Single turbocharger. Engine variant for cars equipped with a manual gearbox.

This engine is only available with the M66H gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

B4204T38

The B4204T38[112] delivers 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) at 5000rpm and 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1500–4800rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 11.3:1. Single turbocharger. Engine variant for cars equipped with a manual gearbox.

This engine is only available with the M66H gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

B4204T41

The B4204T41[112] delivers 245 PS (180 kW; 242 hp) at 5500rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1500–4800rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 8.6:1.

Applications:

B4204T42

The B4204T42 is an upcoming VEA engine.

Applications:

B4204T43

The B4204T43[83] delivers 367 PS (270 kW; 362 hp) at 6000rpm and 470 N⋅m (350 lb⋅ft) of torque between 3100–5000rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 8.6:1.

CHECK POWER AND TORQUE

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

B4204T44

The B4204T44 delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 5000rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1400–4000rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 10.8:1.[119] Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

Diesel

2.0

All 2.0 L (1,969 cc) diesel engines have a bore of 82mm and a stroke of 93,2mm with a compression ratio of 15.8:1.[49] All engines are turbocharged and intercooled, certain variants are twin turbocharged. Some variants additionally are equipped with VNT[120] (Variable Nozzle Geometrie) turbochargers.[26] In order to achieve injection pressures of up to 2500 bar all engines are equipped with a belt driven fuel pump.[121]

D4204T4

The D4204T4[122] delivers 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) at 4250rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1500–2500rpm. Twin turbochargers.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

D4204T5

The D4204T5[124] delivers 181 PS (133 kW; 179 hp) at 4250rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1750–2500rpm. Twin turbochargers.

This engine is available with the M66 and AW TF-71SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

D4204T6

The D4204T6 delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 4250rpm and 420 N⋅m (310 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1500–2500rpm.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

D4204T8

The D4204T8 delivers 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp) at 3750rpm and 280 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1500–2250rpm.[126] The compression ratio was changed to 16.0:1. Engine variant for cars equipped with a manual gearbox. Single turbocharger.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

D4204T9

The D4204T9[128] delivers 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) at 3750rpm and 320 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1750–3000rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 16.0:1. Single turbocharger with VTG.[71]

This engine is available with the M66F and AW TF-71SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

D4204T11

The D4204T11[49] delivers 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) at 4250rpm and 470 N⋅m (350 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1750–2500rpm. Twin turbochargers.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

D4204T12

The D4204T12 delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 4000rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1750–2500rpm. Twin turbochargers.

The engine is equipped with a SCR system that has a 14.5 L AdBlue tank.

Emissions level Euro 6d.(preliminary)

Applications:

D4204T14

The D4204T14[94] delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 4250rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1750–2500rpm. Twin turbochargers.

This engine is available with the M66F and AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6, for the XC60 II emissions level Euro 6d.(preliminary)

Applications:

D4204T20

The D4204T20[134] delivers 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp) at 3750rpm and 280 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1500–2250rpm. Engine variant for cars equipped with an automatic gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

D4204T23

The D4204T23[94] delivers 235 PS (173 kW; 232 hp) at 4000rpm and 480 N⋅m (350 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1750–2250rpm. Twin turbochargers. Equipped with PowerPulse.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6, for the XC60 II emissions level Euro 6d.(preliminary)

Applications:

Notes

  1. ^ Chinese for 'Long Wheelbase'
  2. ^ Referred to as S90 China Version T5 by Volvo or informally as S90L T5
  3. ^ Referred to as S90 China Version T4 by Volvo or informally as S90L T4

References

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  2. ^ Tankai Zhang (10 October 2017). "Butanol as an alternative fuel for Diesel engines" (PDF). www.energimyndigheten.se. Chalmers University. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-22. Retrieved 2017-10-22. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  5. ^ Eddie Pröckl (1 February 2017). "Sveriges nya biljätte pluggar in" [Sweden's new car giant plugs in]. www.nyteknik.se (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 2017-02-01. Retrieved 2017-10-22. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  10. ^ a b Av Erik Söderholm (28 April 2015). "Volvonyheterna inför 2016: Nya VEA-motorer och snålare dieselfemmor" [Volvo news for 2016: New VEA engines and smaller diesel engines]. www.automotorsport.se (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 2017-07-02. Retrieved 2017-07-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Tom Murphy (7 January 2015). "2015 Winner: Volvo 2.0L turbocharged DOHC 4-Cyl". www.wardsauto.com. Archived from the original on 2015-12-05. Retrieved 2017-07-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  13. ^ a b "Volvo Denso technical collaboration". www.denso-europe.com. Denso Europe. 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-08-09. Retrieved 2017-07-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Stuart Birch (26 August 2013). "Volvo debuts new i-ART diesel technology at 2013 IAA". www.sae.org. Archived from the original on 2014-08-10. Retrieved 2017-07-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  16. ^ a b c Mats Laurell; Johan Sjörs; Björn Wernlund; Rolf Brück (November 2013). "Diesel and gasoline catalyst architecture" (PDF). www.mk-metallfolien.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-15. Retrieved 2017-07-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  18. ^ Mats Laurell; Johan Sjörs; Staffan Ovesson; Mats Lundgren; Rolf Brück; Manuel Presti (2013). "The innovative exhaust gas aftertreatment system for the new Volvo 4 Cylinder Engines; a unit catalyst system for gasoline and diesel cars" (PDF). www.emitec.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-17. Retrieved 2017-07-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  20. ^ Frank Volk (20 June 2016). "Volvo: Keine neue Diesel-Baureihe" [Volvo: No new diesel engine family]. www.automobil-produktion.de (in German). Archived from the original on 2016-06-22. Retrieved 2017-07-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ Volvo Car Group starts production of a new engine family. 13 May 2013. Archived from the original on 2014-06-10. Retrieved 2017-07-11 – via YouTube. {{cite AV media}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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