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Barry Barish

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Barry Barish
Barish in 2005
Born
Barry Clark Barish

(1936-01-27) January 27, 1936 (age 88)
Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
EducationUniversity of California, Berkeley (BA, PhD)
SpouseSamoan Barish
Children2
AwardsKlopsteg Memorial Award (2002)
Enrico Fermi Prize (2016)
American Ingenuity Award (2016)
Henry Draper Medal (2017)
The Giuseppe and Vanna Cocconi Prize (2017)
Princess of Asturias Award (2017)
Fudan-Zhongzhi Science Award (2017)
Nobel Prize in Physics (2017)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsCalifornia Institute of Technology
Doctoral advisorA. Carl Helmholz

Barry Clark Barish (born January 27, 1936) is an American experimental physicist and Nobel Laureate. He is a Linde Professor of Physics, emeritus at California Institute of Technology. He is a leading expert on gravitational waves.

In 2017, Barish was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics along with Rainer Weiss and Kip Thorne "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves".[1][2][3][4]

Birth and education

Barish was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the son of Lee and Harold Barish.[5] His parents' families were Jewish immigrants from a part of Poland that is now in Belarus.[6][7][8] Just after World War II, the family moved to Los Feliz in Los Angeles. He attended John Marshall High School and other schools.[9]

He earned a B.A. degree in physics (1957) and a Ph.D. degree in experimental high energy physics (1962) at the University of California, Berkeley. He joined Caltech in 1963 as part of a new experimental effort in particle physics using frontier particle accelerators at the national laboratories. In 1963-1966 he was a research fellow, in 1966-1991 an Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor of Physics. In 1991-2005 he became Linde Professor of Physics, and after that Linde Professor of Physics, Emeritus.[10] In 1984-1996 he was the principal investigator of Caltech High Energy Physics Group.

Research

First Barish's experiments were performed at Fermilab using high-energy neutrino collisions to reveal the quark substructure of the nucleon.[11] These experiments were among the first to observe the weak neutral current, a linchpin of the electroweak unification theories of Glashow, Salam, and Weinberg.[12]

In the 1980s, he directed MACRO, an experiment in a cave in Gran Sasso, Italy, that searched for exotic particles called magnetic monopoles and also studied penetrating cosmic rays, including neutrino measurements that provided important confirmatory evidence that neutrinos have mass and oscillate.[13]

In 1991, Barish was named the Maxine and Ronald Linde Professor of Physics at Caltech.

In the early 1990s, he spearheaded GEM (Gammas, Electrons, Muons), an experiment that would have run at the Superconducting Super Collider which was approved after the former project L* lead by Samuel Ting (and Barish as chairman of collaboration board) was rejected by SSC director Roy Schwitters.[13][14] Barish was GEM spokesperson.

Barish became the principal investigator of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) in 1994 and director in 1997. He led the effort through the approval of funding by the NSF National Science Board in 1994, the construction and commissioning of the LIGO interferometers in Livingston, LA and Hanford, WA in 1997. He created the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, which now numbers more than 1000 collaborators worldwide to carry out the science.

The initial LIGO detectors reached design sensitivity and set many limits on astrophysical sources. The Advanced LIGO proposal was developed while Barish was director, and he has continued to play a leading role in LIGO and Advanced LIGO. The first detection of the merger of two 30 solar mass black holes was made on September 14, 2015.[15] This represented the first direct detection of gravitational waves since they were predicted by Einstein in 1916 and the first ever observation of the merger of a pair of black holes. Barish delivered the first presentation on this discovery to a scientific audience at CERN on Feb 11, 2016,[16] simultaneously with the public announcement.[17]

From 2001 to 2002, Barish served as co-chair of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel subpanel that developed a long-range plan[18] for U.S. high energy physics. He has chaired the Commission of Particles and Fields and the U.S. Liaison committee to the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP). In 2002 he chaired the NRC Board of Physics and Astronomy Neutrino Facilities Assessment Committee. Report "Neutrinos and Beyond".

In 2005-2013 Barry Barish was Director of the [Global Design Effort][19] for the International Linear Collider (ILC)[20]. The ILC is the highest priority future project for particle physics worldwide, as it promises to complement the Large Hadron Collider at CERN in exploring the TeV energy scale. This ambitious effort is being uniquely coordinated worldwide, representing a major step in international collaborations going from conception to design to implementation for large scale projects in physics.

Honors and awards

In 2002, he received the Klopsteg Award[21] of the American Association of Physics Teachers. Barish was honored by the University of Bologna (2006)[22] and University of Florida ( 2007) where he received honorary doctorates. In 2007, delivered the Van Vleck lectures[23] at the University of Minnesota. The University of Glasgow honored Barish with an honorary degree of science in 2013.

Barish was honored as a Titan of Physics in the On the Shoulders of Giants[24] series at the 2016 World Science Festival.

In 2016, Barish received the Enrico Fermi Prize "for his fundamental contributions to the formation of the LIGO and LIGO-Virgo scientific collaborations and for his role in addressing challenging technological and scientific aspects whose solution led to the first detection of gravitational waves".[25]

Barish was a recipient of the 2016 Smithsonian magazine's American Ingenuity Award in the Physical Science category.[26]

Barish was awarded the 2017 Henry Draper Medal from the National Academy of Sciences "for his visionary and pivotal leadership role, scientific guidance, and novel instrument design during the development of LIGO that were crucial for LIGO's discovery of gravitational waves from colliding black holes, thus directly validating Einstein's 100-year-old prediction of gravitational waves and ushering a new field of gravitational wave astronomy."[27]

Barish was a recipient of the 2017 Giuseppe and Vanna Cocconi Prize[28] of the European Physical Society for his "pioneering and leading role in the LIGO observatory that led to the direct detection of gravitational waves, opening a new window to the Universe."

Barish was a recipient of the 2017 Princess of Asturias Award for his work on gravitational waves (jointly with Kip Thorne and Rainer Weiss).[29]

Barish was a recipient of the 2017 Fudan-Zhongzhi Science Award "for his leadership in the construction and initial operations of LIGO, the creation of the international LIGO Scientific Collaboration, and for the successful conversion of LIGO from small science executed by a few research groups into big science that involved large collaborations and major infrastructures, which eventually enabled gravitational-wave detection." (jointly with Kip Thorne and Rainer Weiss).[30]

In 2017, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics (jointly with Rainer Weiss and Kip Thorne) "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves".[1]

Barish has been elected to and held fellowship at the following organizations:

Family

Barry Barish is married to Samoan Barish. Their children are Stephanie Barish and Kenneth Barish, professor and chair of Physics & Astronomy at University of California, Riverside.[32]

References

  1. ^ a b "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017". The Nobel Foundation. 3 October 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  2. ^ Rincon, Paul; Amos, Jonathan (3 October 2017). "Einstein's waves win Nobel Prize". BBC News. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  3. ^ Overbye, Dennis (3 October 2017). "2017 Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to LIGO Black Hole Researchers". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  4. ^ Kaiser, David (3 October 2017). "Learning from Gravitational Waves". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  5. ^ https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:K999-5XC
  6. ^ "Interview with Shirley K. Cohen" (PDF). Retrieved 2017-10-03.
  7. ^ "A Small-Town Jewish Family's Rebuke of Car Maker Henry Ford". Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  8. ^ Hillside Memorial Park Jewish Cemetery in Los Angeles
  9. ^ "Marshall High alumnus wins Nobel Prize in Physics". Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  10. ^ https://labcit.ligo.caltech.edu/~BCBAct/BCB_CV0316.pdf
  11. ^ "CALTECH HEP NEWS". Caltech. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  12. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  13. ^ a b http://science.sciencemag.org/content/312/5777/1128.full
  14. ^ https://books.google.ru/books?id=2NspCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA157&dq=barry+barish+gem+spokesman
  15. ^ Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger, PhysRevLett.116.061102.
  16. ^ "New results on the Search for Gravitational Waves". CERN. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  17. ^ "New results on the Search for Gravitational Waves". 11 February 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  18. ^ "Subpanel on Long Range Planning for US HEP" (PDF). Office of Science.
  19. ^ "ILC Global Design Effort". LinearCollider.org.
  20. ^ "Barry Barish to lead International Linear Collider design". Interactions.org.
  21. ^ "American Association of Physics Teachers". h.
  22. ^ "University of Bologna". ILC Newsline.
  23. ^ "Van Vleck Lectures". University of Minnesota.
  24. ^ "On the Shoulders of Giants". World Science Festival.
  25. ^ "2016 Enrico Fermi Prize". Società Italiana di Fisica.
  26. ^ "2016 American Ingenuity Awards". Smithsonian Magazine.
  27. ^ "2017 Henry Draper Medal". National Academy of Sciences.
  28. ^ "The Giuseppe and Vanna Cocconi Prize". European Physical Society.
  29. ^ Tecnologías, Developed with webControl CMS by Intermark. "The Princess of Asturias Foundation". www.fpa.es. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  30. ^ "Fudan-Zhongzhi Science Award". Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  31. ^ "Members Elect Barry Barish as Next APS Vice-President". American Physical Society. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  32. ^ "UCR Professor's Father Wins Nobel Prize in Physics". UC Riverside. Retrieved 5 October 2017.

Further reading

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