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Abdul Qadir Gilani

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Abdul Qadir Al Gilani Al Hasani (Template:Lang-ar)[1]
Abdul-Qadir Gilani's name in Arabic calligraphy
Full NameMuhiyuddin Abu Muhammad Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani al-Hasani wa'l-Husayni
Born1 Ramadan 470 AH[2] or Saturday March 17, 1078[3]
JurisprudenceHanbali[4][5]
BirthplaceGilan Province, Iran
Died11th Rabi' al-thani 561 AH
≈ Monday, February 21, 1166 CE[6][7]
Place of burialBaghdad, Iraq
FatherAbu Salih Musa al-Hasani
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Moḥyī-al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad b. Abū Sāleh ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī (Template:Lang-fa, Template:Lang-ar, Template:Lang-tr, Template:Lang-ku, Template:Lang-ckb[8]; 1078 - 1166 CE [470 - 561 AH]), known as ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī for short or reverently as Shaykh ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī by Sunni Muslims, was a famous Sunni Hanbali preacher, orator, ascetic, mystic, jurist, and theologian who became famous for being the eponymous founder of the Qadiriyya spiritual order of Sunni Sufism.

orn 29 Shaban 470 AH in the town of Na'if, district of Gilan-e Gharb, Gilan, Iran and died Monday, February 14, 1166 (11 Rabi' al-thani 561 AH), in Baghdad,[9] (1077–1166 CE), was a Persian[10] Hanbali Sunni[4][5] jurist and sufi based in Baghdad. The Qadiriyya tariqa (Sufi order) is named after him.[11]

Family

Al-Gilani was born around 1077 in Nif, Gilan.[10][nb 1][12] Al-Gilani's father, Abu Salih Musa al-Hasani, was a descendant of Hasan ibn Ali (Hasan). Hasan was the eldest son of Ali and Fatimah. Ali was Muhammad's son-in-law and also cousin and Fatima was Muhammad's daughter. Al-Gilani's mother was the daughter of Abdullah Sawmai, a descendant of Husayn ibn Ali, the younger son of Ali and Fatima. Thus, Al-Gilani was both a Hasani and Hussaini Sayyid, and, because of this, he is also known as double Sayyid.

Name

Gilani is granted the title Sayyid to indicate his descent from Muhammad.[13] The name Muhiyudin describes him as a "reviver of religion".[14] Gilan (Arabic al-Jilani) refers to his place of birth, Gilan.[15][16] However, Gilani also carried the epithet Baghdadi.[17][18][19] referring to his residence and burial in Baghdad. He is also called al-Hasani wa'l-Husayni, which indicates a claim to lineal descent from both Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, the sons of Ali and grandsons of Muhammad.[20][21]

Paternal heritage

Gilani's father was from Sayyid lineage.[22][23] He was respected as a saint by the people of his day, and was known as Jangi Dost "who loves God", thus "Jangidost" was his sobriquet.[24][25][26]

Education

Gilani spent his early life in Gilan, the town of his birth. In 1095, at the age of eighteen years, he went to Baghdad. There, he pursued the study of Hanbali law [27] under Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi and ibn Aqil.[28] He was given lessons on Hadith by Abu Muhammad Ja'far al-Sarraj.[28] His Sufi spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas.[29] (A detailed description of his various teachers and subjects are included below). After completing his education, Gilani left Baghdad. He spent twenty-five years as a reclusive wanderer in the desert regions of Iraq.[30]

Education in Baghdad

At the age of 18, Gilani went to Baghdad to study the Hanbali school of fiqh.

Subject Shaykh (Teacher)
Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) Ibn Aqil
Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) Abu Al Hasan Muhammad ibn Qazi Abu Yali
Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) Abu Al Khatab Mahfuz Hanbali
Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) Muhammad ibn Al Husnayn
Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi
Tasawwuf (Sufism) Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi

Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas

Abu Zakariay ibn Yahya ibn Ali Al Tabrezi

Hadith Abu Bakr ibn Muzaffar
Hadith Muhammad Ibn Al Hasan Baqalai Abu Sayeed

Muhammad ibn Abdul Kareem

Hadith Abu Al Ghanaem Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ali Ibn Maymoon Al Farsi
Hadith Abu Bakr Ahmad Ibn Al Muzaffar
Hadith Abu Jafer Ibn Ahmad Ibn Al Hussain Al Qari
Hadith Abu Al Qasim Ali Ibn Muhammad Ibn Banaan Al Karkhi
Hadith Abu Talib Abdul Qadri Ibn Muhammad Yusuf
Hadith Abdul Rahman Ibn Ahmad Abu Al Barkat Hibtaallah Ibn Al Mubarak
Hadith Abu Al Nasr Ibn Il Mukhtar
Hadith Abu Nasr Muhammad
Hadith Abu Ghalib Ahmad
Hadith Abu Abdullah Aulad Ali Al Bana
Hadith Abu Al Hasan Al Mubarak Ibn Al Teyvari
Hadith Abu Mansur Abdurahman Al Taqrar

[31]

Later life

In 1127, Gilani returned to Baghdad and began to preach to the public.[12] He joined the teaching staff of the school belonging to his own teacher, al-Mazkhzoomi, and was popular with students. In the morning he taught hadith and tafsir, and in the afternoon he held discourse on the science of the heart and the virtues of the Quran. He was said to have been a convincing preacher and converted numerous Jews and Christians. His strength came in the reconciling of the mystical nature of Sufism and strict nature of the Quran.[12]

Death and burial

Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani Mosque in Baghdad 1925

Gilani died in the evening of Tuesday, February 21, 1166 (11th Rabi' al-thani 561 AH) at the age of ninety one years according to the Islamic calendar.[9] His body was entombed in a shrine within his madrasa in Babul-Sheikh, Rusafa on the east bank of the Tigris in Baghdad, Iraq.[32][33][34] During the reign of the Safavid Shah Ismail I, Gilani's shrine was destroyed.[35] However, in 1535, the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent had a turba (dome) built over the shrine, which exists to this day.[36]

Birthday & Death Anniversary celebration

1st Ramadan is celebrated as the birthday of Abdul Qadir Jilani while the death anniversary is on 11 Rabi us Thani. The later is called in the Subcontinent as Giyarwee Shareef or Honoured Day of 11th.[37]

Tomb Of Sheikh Abdul Qadir, Baghdad, Iraq.

Books

  • Kitab Sirr al-Asrar wa Mazhar al-Anwar[38] (The Book of the Secret of Secrets and the Manifestation of Light)

See also

Bibliography

  • Sayings of Shaikh Abd al-Qadir al-Jīlānī Malfūzāt, Holland, Muhtar (translator). S. Abdul Majeed & Co, Kuala Lumpur (1994) ISBN 1-882216-03-2.
  • Fifteen letters, khamsata ashara maktūban / Shaikh Abd Al-Qādir Al-Jīlānī. Translated from Persian to Arabic by Alī usāmu ́D-Dīn Al-Muttaqī. Translated from Arabic into English by Muhtar Holland.
  • Kamsata ašara maktūban. First edition. ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn, ʿAlī B., ʿAbd al-Malik al- Muttaqī al-Hindī (about 1480–1567) and Muhtar Holland (1935–). Al-Baz publications, Hollywood, Florida. (1997) ISBN 1-882216-16-4.
  • Jalā Al-Khawātir: a collection of forty-five discourses of Shaikh Abd Al-Qādir Al-Jīlānī, the removal of cares. Chapter 23, pg 308. Jalā al-Khawātir, Holland, Muhtar (1935–) (translator). Al-Baz publications, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. (1997) ISBN 1-882216-13-X.
  • The sultan of the saints: mystical life and teachings of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani / Muhammad Riaz Qadiri Qadiri, Muhammad Riyaz. Gujranwala, Abbasi publications. (2000) ISBN 969-8510-16-8.
  • The sublime revelation: al-Fath ar-Rabbānī, a collection of sixty-two discourses / Abd al-Qādir al- Jīlānī, Second edition. al-Rabbānī, al-Fath. Al-Baz publications, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. (1998). ISBN 1-882216-02-4.
  • Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din, (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion), Parts one and two in Arabic. Al-Qadir, Abd, Al-Gaylani. Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, (1988).
  • Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din, (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion.) in Arabic. Introduced by Al-Kilani, Majid Irsan. Dar Al-Khair, Damascus, Bairut, (2005).
  • Encyclopædia Iranica, Bibliotheca Persica PresS, ISBN 1-56859-050-4.

Notes

  1. ^ There is uncertainty as to the year of his birth; some sources say 1077, others 1078.

References

  1. ^ Kidwai, Yursil. "about2". www.al-baz.com.
  2. ^ "Birth Date".
  3. ^ "Birth Hijri and Gregorian Year".
  4. ^ a b John Renard, The A to Z of Sufism. p 142. ISBN 081086343X
  5. ^ a b Juan Eduardo Campo, Encyclopedia of Islam, p. 288. ISBN 1438126964
  6. ^ Shad, Abdur Rahman. Ali Al-Murtaza. Kazi Publications; 1978 1st Edition. Mohiyuddin, Dr. Ata. Ali The Superman. Sh. Muhammad Ashraf Publishers; 1980 1st Edition. Lalljee, Yousuf N. Ali The Magnificent. Ansariyan Publications; Jan 1981 1st Edition.
  7. ^ "Hijri Date".
  8. ^ "Names and Titles of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani Radi Allahu Tala Anho". www.alahazrat.net. Retrieved 2016-08-04.
  9. ^ a b The works of Shaykh Umar Eli of Somalia of al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyyah.
  10. ^ a b W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R Gibb, J.H.Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal, J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 69;".. all authorities are unanimous in stating that he was a Persian from Nayf (Nif) in Djilan, south of the Caspian Sea."
  11. ^ "Sufism, Sufis, and Sufi Orders: Sufism's Many Paths". islam.uga.edu. Retrieved 2017-07-21.
  12. ^ a b c "'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
  13. ^ Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. (2007-01-01). Muslim Communities of Grace: The Sufi Brotherhoods in Islamic Religious Life. Columbia University Press. p. 94. ISBN 9780231143301.
  14. ^ Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 21, Muhammad Fādil Khān, Faid Ahmad. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad (1998).
  15. ^ Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics: volume 1. (A – Art). Part 1. (A – Algonquins) pg 10. Hastings, James and Selbie, John A. Adamant Media corporation. (2001), "and he was probably of Persian origin."
  16. ^ The Sufi orders in Islam, 2nd edition, pg 32. Triingham, J. Spencer and Voll, John O. Oxford University Press US, (1998), "The Hanafi Qadirriya is also included since 'Abd al-Qadir, of Persian origin was contemporary of the other two."
  17. ^ Devotional Islam and politics in British India: Ahmad Riza Khan Barelwi and his movement, 1870–1920, pg 144, Sanyal, Usha Oxford University Press US, 19 August 1999. ISBN 0-19-564862-5 ISBN 978-0-19-564862-1.
  18. ^ Cultural and religious heritage of India: Islam pg 321. Sharma, Suresh K. (2004)
  19. ^ Indo-iranica pg 7. The Iran Society, Calcutta, India. (1985).
  20. ^ Biographical encyclopaedia of sufis: central asia and middle east, pg 123, Vol 2. Hanif N. Sarup and Sons. (2002) ISBN 81-7625-266-2, 9788176252669.
  21. ^ The Election of Caliph/Khalifah and World Peace pg 176. Mowla, Khondakar G. (1998).
  22. ^ Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan. p 177. Adamec, Ludwig W. (1975)
  23. ^ Qādrī, Muḥammad Riyāz̤ (2000-01-01). The Sultan of the Saints: Mystical Life and Teaching of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani. Abbasi Pablications. p. 19. ISBN 9789698510169.
  24. ^ "Sulook organisation website" (PDF).
  25. ^ Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 27, Khān, Muhammad Fādil and Ahmad, Faid. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad. (1997)
  26. ^ Encyclopaedia of Sufism, volume 1, Kahn, Masood Ali and Ram, S.
  27. ^ Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009-01-01). Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. p. 4. ISBN 9781438126968.
  28. ^ a b Gibb, H.A.R.; Kramers, J.H.; Levi-Provencal, E.; Schacht, J. (1986) [1st. pub. 1960]. Encyclopaedia of Islam (New Edition). Vol. Volume I (A-B). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 69. ISBN 9004081143. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
  29. ^ Malise Ruthven, Islam in the World, p 243. ISBN 0195305035
  30. ^ Esposito J. L. The Oxford dictionary of Islam. p160. ISBN 0199757267
  31. ^ Akbar, pg.11 Al Haqq, Abd. and Ghunyat al-talibeen (Wealth for Seekers) pg. 12 Urdu version
  32. ^ Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion), parts one and two in Arabic, Al-Qadir, Abd and Al-Gilani. Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, (1988).
  33. ^ Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion) with introduction by Al-Kilani, Majid Irsan. Al-Kilani, Majid, al-Tariqat, 'Ursan, and al-Qadiriyah, Nash'at
  34. ^ "The Qadirya Mausoleum" (PDF).
  35. ^ A.A. Duri, Baghdad, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, 903.
  36. ^ W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, 70.
  37. ^ "Ghousia". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  38. ^ "Sirr-ul-Asrar". www.nafseislam.com. Retrieved 2016-08-04.
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