Columbia University

Columbia University in the City of New York

Columbia University Coat of Arms
Motto	In lumine Tuo videbimus lumen (In Thy light shall we see the light) (a paraphrase of Psalms 35:10)
Type	Private
Established	1754
Endowment	$5.19 billion
President	Lee Bollinger
Undergraduates	5,530
Postgraduates	14,692
Location	New York , New York , USA
Campus	Urban, 36 acres (0.15 km²) Morningside Heights Campus, 26 acres (0.1 km²) Baker Field athletic complex, 20 acres (0.09 km²) Medical Center, 157 acres (0.64 km²) Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory
Athletics	29 sports teams
Nickname	Lions File:Columbia university lion mascot.jpg
Website	www.columbia.edu

Columbia University is a private university whose main campus lies in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of the Borough of Manhattan in New York City. It is one of the eight Ivy League universities.

The institution was established in 1754 as King's College and is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the United States. During the early years of its history, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Gouverneur Morris, and Robert Livingston studied at Columbia.

In 1784, following the American Revolution, the original name King's College was changed to Columbia College in the spirit of the patriotic fervor of the time. In 1896, the name of the institution was changed to Columbia University in the City of New York in order to distinguish between the original undergraduate institution Columbia College and the university as a whole, which by this time was comprised of an undergraduate engineering school and graduate faculties in engineering, science, medicine, law, teaching, political science, and philosophy.

Today, the university is still legally known as Columbia University in the City of New York and is incorporated as The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York. Its undergraduate schools are Columbia College (CC), the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS), and, for students who want to begin or resume their education after years of interruption, the School of General Studies (GS). The university has numerous graduate schools, the most notable of which include the Graduate School of Business (Columbia Business School or CBS), the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (Columbia's medical school), the Graduate School of Journalism (J-School or CJS), the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation (GSAPP), the Columbia Law School, the Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and Teachers College (Columbia Graduate School of Education). The School of Continuing Education offers classes for non-matriculated elective course students, Master of Science Degrees, Postbaccalaureate Certificates, English Language Programs, Overseas Programs, Summer Session, and High School Programs. One of the oldest and most distinguished divisions in the University is the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS), formerly known as the Graduate Faculties. It is this division that grants the Doctor of Philosophy, the Ph.D., at Columbia to researchers and future members of the professoriate.

The university is also affiliated with Barnard College (BC), an undergraduate liberal arts college for women, and one of the Seven Sisters, the Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS) and the Union Theological Seminary (UTS), all located nearby in Morningside Heights. A joint undergraduate program is available through the Juilliard School.

Campus

Morningside Heights

Most of Columbia's graduate and undergraduate studies are conducted in Morningside Heights on Seth Low's late-19th century vision of a university campus where all disciplines could be taught in one location. The campus was designed along Beaux Arts principles by acclaimed architects McKim, Mead, and White and is considered one of their best works. Its original open, urban feel has been somewhat modified by the addition of such buildings as Butler Library, which have served to almost fully enclose its interior open space.

Butler Library (June 2003)

Columbia's main campus occupies more than six city blocks, or 32 acres (132,000 m²), in Morningside Heights, a neighborhood located between the Upper West Side and Harlem sections of Manhattan that contains a number of academic institutions. The university owns over 7,000 apartments in Morningside Heights, which house faculty, graduate students, and staff. Several undergraduate dormitories (purpose-built or converted) are also located in the surrounding neighborhood.

"College Walk" provides a public path between Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue, cutting through the main campus quad.

New buildings and structures on the campus, especially those built following the Second World War, have often only been constructed after a contentious process often involving open debate and protest over the new structures. Often the complaints raised by these protests during these periods of expansion have included issues beyond the debate over the construction of any of the architectural features which diverged from the original McKim, Mead, and White plan, and often involved complaints against the administration of the university. This was the case with Uris Hall, which sits behind Low Library, built in the 1960s, as well as the more recent Alfred Lerner Hall, a deconstructivist structure completed in 1998 and designed by Columbia's then-Dean of Architecture, Bernard Tschumi. Elements of these same issues have been reflected in the current debate over the future expansion of the campus into Manhattanville, several blocks uptown from the current campus.

Curl, by Clement Meadmore

Columbia's library system includes about eight or nine million volumes. One library of note on campus is the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library which is the largest library of architecture in the United States and among, if not the largest, in the world. The library contains more than 400,000 volumes, of which most are non-circulating and must be read on site. One of the library's not prominent undertakings is the Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, which is one of the foremost international resources for locating citations to architecture and related topics in periodical literature. The Avery Index covers periodicals thoroughly back to the 1930s, with limited coverage dating to the nineteenth century, up to the present day.

Several buildings on the Morningside Heights campus are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Low Memorial Library, the centrepiece of the campus, is listed for its architectural significance. Philosophy Hall is listed as the site of the invention of FM radio. Also listed is Pupin Hall, also a National Historic Landmark, which houses the physics and astronomy departments, where initial experiments on the nuclear fission of uranium were conducted by Enrico Fermi. The uranium atom was split there ten days after the world's first atom-splitting in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Other campuses

Health-related schools are located at the Columbia University Medical Center, twenty acres located in the neighborhood of Washington Heights, fifty blocks uptown. Columbia also owns the 26-acre Baker Field, which includes the Lawrence A. Wien Stadium as well as facilities for field sports, outdoor track, tennis, and rowing at the northern tip of Manhattan island (in the neighborhood of Inwood). There is a third campus on the west bank of the Hudson River, the 157-acre Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades, New York, and another, the Nevis Laboratories, in Irvington, New York. The university also operates Reid Hall in Paris.

History

Columbia is the oldest institution of higher education in the state of New York. Founded and chartered as King's College in 1754, Columbia is the sixth-oldest such institution in the United States (by date of founding; fifth by date of chartering). After the American Revolutionary War, King's College was renamed Columbia College in 1784, and in 1896 it was renamed Columbia University. Columbia has grown over time to encompass twenty schools and affiliated institutions.

King's College: 1754-1776

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Trinity Church schoolyard, the first home of King's College

Discussions regarding the foundation of a college in New York began as early as 1704, but serious consideration of such proposals was not entertained until the early 1750s, when local graduates of Yale and members of the congregation of Trinity Church (then Anglican, now Episcopal) in New York City became alarmed by the establishment of Princeton University (then known as the College of New Jersey), both because it was founded by "new-light" Presbyterians influenced by the evangelical Great Awakening and as it was located in the province just across the Hudson River, a fact which provoked fears of New York's cultural and intellectual inferiority. They established their own "rival" institution, King's College, and elected as its first president Samuel Johnson. Classes began on July 17, 1754, with Johnson as the sole faculty member. A few months later, on October 31, 1754, Great Britain's King George II officially granted a royal charter for the college. In 1760, King's College moved to its own building at Park Place, near the present City Hall, and in 1767 it established the first American medical school to grant the M.D. degree.

The Rev. Dr. Samuel Johnson, first president of King's College

Controversy surrounded the founding of the new college in New York, as it was a thoroughly Anglican institution dominated by the influence of Crown officials, such as the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Crown Secretary for Plantations and Colonies, in its governing body. The fears of an Anglican episcopacy and Crown influence in America through King's College were confirmed by its vast wealth, far surpassing all other colonial colleges of the period.

The American Revolution and the subsequent war were catastrophic for King's College. It suspended instruction in 1776, an interlude that was to last for eight years, during which its library was looted and its sole building requisitioned for use as a military hospital by both British and American soldiers. Additionally, many of the college's alumni, primarily Loyalists, fled to Canada or Great Britain in the war's aftermath, leaving its future governance and financial status in question.

King's College Hall, 1770

Although the college had been considered a bastion of Tory sentiment, it nevertheless managed to produce many key leaders of the Revolutionary generation - individuals later instrumental in the college's revival. Among the early King's College students had been John Jay, who negotiated the Treaty of Paris between the United States and Great Britain, ending the Revolutionary War, and who later became the first Chief Justice of the United States; Alexander Hamilton, military aide to General George Washington, author of most of the Federalist Papers, and the first Secretary of the Treasury; Gouverneur Morris, the author of the final draft of the United States Constitution; and Robert R. Livingston, a member of the five-man committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence. Hamilton's first experience with the military came while a student during the summer of 1775, after the outbreak of fighting at Boston. Along with Nicholas Fish, Robert Troup, and a group of other students from King's, he joined a volunteer militia company called the "Hearts of Oak" and achieved the rank of Lieutenant. They adopted distinctive uniforms, complete with the words "Liberty or Death" on their hatbands, and drilled under the watchful eye of a former British officer in the graveyard of the nearby St. Paul's Chapel. In August of 1775, while under fire from the HMS Asia, the Hearts of Oak (a.k.a. the "Corsicans") participated in a successful raid to seize cannon from the Battery, becoming an artillery unit thereafter. Ironically, in 1776 Captain Hamilton would engage in the Battle of Harlem Heights, which took place on and around the site that would later become home to his Alma Mater over a century later.

Early Columbia College: 1784-1857

DeWitt Clinton, transfer from Princeton

Although the college had been tainted by its association with the Loyalist establishment prior to the war, the remaining alumni, including Hamilton and Jay, and especially the would-be governors of King's College, argued passionately for its reopening. Nevertheless, it was probably ultimately the fact that New York State governor George Clinton was forced to send his nephew DeWitt out of state for a college education (specifically, to Princeton) that prompted local sentiment to favor the need of a local college to retain him, and a renewed King's, which could easily provide the necessary facilities, was the logical choice. In 1784, the school reopened as Columbia College, the romantically patriotic name meant to demonstrate its commitment to the new republic.

The nature of the reopening, however, made possible via the encouragements of Governor Clinton and the state legislature, ensured that Columbia College would be an institution as distinct as much in kind as in name. The new charter made no mention of the college's former Anglican/Episcopalian affiliations. Its governance was to be handled by a board of Regents representing all the counties of New York State, with Governor Clinton as Chancellor. As a state asset under state control, Columbia was to become the basis for a statewide public education system.

As the state proved negligent in its funding of the institution, this arrangement became increasingly unsatisfactory for both. An expansion of the Regents to 20 New York City residents had placed Hamilton and Jay at the helm, and they, along with New York City mayor James Duane, argued for privatization of the college. In 1787 a new charter was adopted for the college, still in use today, granting power to a private board of Trustees. Samuel Johnson's son, William Samuel Johnson, became its president.

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College Hall in the 1830s, expanded and refaced in the Greek Revival style

For a period in the 1790s, with New York City as the federal and state capital and the country under successive Federalist governments, Columbia, revived under the auspices of Federalists such as Hamilton and Jay, thrived. George Washington, notably, attended the commencement of 1790, and nascent interest in legal education commenced under Professor James Kent. As the state and country transitioned to a considerably more Jeffersonian era, however, the college's good fortunes began to dry up. The primary difficulty was funding; the college, already receiving less from the state following its privatization, was beset with even more financial difficulties as hostile politicians took power and as new upstate colleges, particularly Hamilton and Union, lobbied effectively for subsidies. What Columbia did receive was Manhattan real estate, which would only later prove lucrative.

Columbia's performance flagged for the remainder of the 19th century's first half. The law faculty never managed to thrive during this period, and in 1807 the medical school, hoping to arrest its decline, broke off to merge with the independent College of Physicians and Surgeons. Contention between students and faculty were highlighted by the "Riotous Commencement" of 1811, in which students violently protested the faculty's decision not to confer a degree upon John Stevenson, who had inserted objectionable words into his commencement speech. Though the college was finally able to shake its embarrassing reputation for structural shabbiness by adding several wings to College Hall and refinishing it in the more fashionable Greek Revival style, the effort failed to halt Columbia's long-term downturn, and was soon overshadowed by the Gibbs Affair of 1854, in which famed chemistry professor Oliver Wolcott Gibbs was denied a professorship at the college, from which he had graduated, due to his Unitarian affiliation. The event demonstrated to many, including frustrated diarist and trustee George Templeton Strong, the narrow-mindedness of the institution. By July, 1854 the Christian Examiner of Boston, in an article entitled "The Recent Difficulties at Columbia College," noted that the school was "good in classics" yet "weak in sciences," and had "very few distinguished graduates".

Expansion and the move to Madison Avenue

The Gothic Revival Law School building on the Madison Avenue campus

In 1857, the College moved from Park Place to a primarily Gothic Revival campus on 49th Street and Madison Avenue, where it remained for the next fifty years. The transition to the new campus coincided with a new outlook for the college; during the commencement of that year, College President Charles King proclaimed Columbia "a university". During the last half of the nineteenth century, under the leadership of President F.A.P. Barnard, the institution rapidly assumed the shape of a true modern university. Columbia Law School was founded in 1858, and in 1864 the School of Mines, the country's first such institution and the precursor to today's Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, was established. Barnard College for women, established by the eponymous Columbia president, was established in 1889; the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons came under the aegis of the University in 1891, followed by Teachers College, Columbia University in 1893. The Graduate Faculties in Political Science, Philosophy, and Pure Science awarded its first PhD in 1875. This period also witnessed the inauguration of Columbia's participation in intercollegiate sports, with the creation of the baseball team in 1867, the organization to the football team in 1870, and the creation of a crew team by 1873. The first intercollegiate Columbia football game was a 6-3 loss to Rutgers. The Columbia Daily Spectator began publication during this period as well, in 1877.

Morningside Heights

Development of the Morningside Heights campus by 1915

In 1896, the trustees officially authorized the use of yet another new name, Columbia University, and today the institution is officially known as "Columbia University in the City of New York." Additionally, the engineering school was renamed the "School of Mines, Engineering and Chemistry." At the same time, University president Seth Low moved the campus again, from 49th Street to its present location, a more spacious (and, at the time, more rural) campus in the developing neighborhood of Morningside Heights. The site was formerly occupied by the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum. One of the asylum's buildings, the warden's cottage (later known as East Hall and Buell Hall), is still standing today.

The building often depicted as emblematic of Columbia is the centerpiece of the Morningside Heights campus, Low Memorial Library. Constructed in 1895, the building is still referred to as "Low Library" although it has not functioned as a library since 1934. It currently houses the offices of the President and Provost, the Visitor's Center, the Trustees' Room and Columbia Security. In addition, the Columbiana Archives are located in the building. Patterned on several precursors, including the Parthenon and the Pantheon, it is surmounted by the largest all-granite dome in the United States.

Low Library, circa 1900

Under the leadership of Low's successor, Nicholas Murray Butler, Columbia rapidly became the nation's major institution for research, setting the "multiversity" model that later universities would adopt. On the Morningside Heights campus, Columbia centralized on a single campus the College, the School of Law, the Graduate Faculties, the School of Mines (predecessor of the Engineering School), and the College of Physicians & Surgeons. Butler went on to serve as president of Columbia for over four decades and became a giant in American public life (as one-time vice presidential candidate and a Nobel Laureate). His introduction of "downtown" business practices in university administration led to innovations in internal reforms such as the centralization of academic affairs, the direct appointment of registrars, deans, provosts, and secretaries, as well as the formation of a professionalized university bureaucracy, unprecedented among American universities at the time.

Low Library in 2005.

In 1893 the Columbia University Press was founded in order to "promote the study of economic, historical, literary, scientific and other subjects; and to promote and encourage the publication of literary works embodying original research in such subjects." Among its publications are The Columbia Encyclopedia, first published in 1935, and The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, first published in 1952.

In 1902, New York newspaper magnate Joseph Pulitzer donated a substantial sum to the University for the founding of a school to teach journalism. The result was the 1912 opening of the Graduate School of Journalism — the only journalism school in the Ivy League. The school is the administrator of the Pulitzer Prize and the duPont-Columbia Award in broadcast journalism.

Columbia Business School was added in the early 20th century. During the first half of the 20th Century Columbia and Harvard had the largest endowments in the country.

Archetypal Columbia man, early 20th century

By the late 1930s, a Columbia student could study with the likes of Jacques Barzun, Paul Lazarsfeld, Mark Van Doren, Lionel Trilling, and I. I. Rabi. The University's graduates during this time were equally accomplished — for example, two alumni of Columbia's Law School, Charles Evans Hughes and Harlan Fiske Stone (who also held the position of Law School dean), served successively as Chief Justices of the United States. Dwight Eisenhower served as Columbia's president from 1948 until he became the President of the United States in 1953, although he spent the majority of his University presidency on leave as Supreme Commander of NATO forces in Europe.

The Thinker by Auguste Rodin.

Research into the atom by faculty members John R. Dunning, I. I. Rabi, Enrico Fermi and Polykarp Kusch placed Columbia's Physics Department in the international spotlight in the 1940s after the first nuclear pile was built to start what became the Manhattan Project.

Following the end of World War II the School of International Affairs was founded in 1946. Focusing on developing diplomats and foreign affairs specialists the school began by offering the Master of International Affairs. To satisfy an increasing desire for skilled public service professionals at home and abroad, the School added the Master of Public Administration degree in 1977. In 1981 the School was renamed the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA). The School introduced an MPA in Environmental Science and Policy in 2001 and, in 2004, SIPA inaugurated its first doctoral program — the interdisciplinary Ph.D. in Sustainable Development.

In 1997, the Columbia Engineering School was renamed the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, in honor of Chinese businessman Z. Y. Fu, who gave Columbia $26 million. The school is now referred to as "SEAS" or simply, "the engineering school."

Student demonstrations

Protests of 1968

Students initiated a major demonstration in 1968 over two major issues. The first was Columbia's proposed gymnasium in neighboring Morningside Park; this was seen by the protesters to be an act of aggression aimed at the black residents of neighboring Harlem. A second issue was the Columbia administration's failure to resign its institutional membership in the Pentagon's weapons research think-tank, the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA). Students barricaded themselves inside Low Library, Hamilton Hall, and several other university buildings during the protests, and New York City police were called onto the campus to arrest or forcibly remove the students. The resulting confontration and violence resulted in a decades-long loss of stature and prestige for the university, from which it has only recently recovered.

Main article: Columbia University protests of 1968

Protests of Racism and Apartheid

Another student protest, including a hunger strike and another barricade of Hamilton Hall, in 1983, was aimed at convincing the university trustees to divest all of the university's investments in companies that were seen as active or tacit supporters of the apartheid regime in South Africa. A variety of more recent protests, most notably those of Spring 2004 and Spring 2006, have primarily concerned perceived racism on campus.

Antiwar Protests

In addition to the 1968 protests (see above), tangentially related to the Vietnam War, students and faculty have protested U.S. involvement in various other conflicts. Most recently and controvertially, at a faculty sit-in protest of the Iraq War, Professor Nicholas de Genova called for U.S. troops to experience "a million Mogadishus", a reference to the deadly defeat U.S. troops suffered in the Battle of Mogadishu in 1993.

Minuteman Protest

On October 4, 2006, a group of left wing radical students stormed the stage of Columbia's Roone Arledge Auditorium, knocking over chairs and tables and interrupting a speech by Jim Gilchrist, the founder of the Minuteman Project, a group that patrols the border between the United States and Mexico, invited to campus by the Columbia College Republicans. The protestors took the stage and unfurled a banner which stated, in Spanish, "No human being is illegal," an implicit criticism of what they saw as the Minuteman Project's racist attitude toward illegal immigrants. Gilchrist and Marvin Stewart, another Minuteman member, were escorted away after the protestors stormed onstage, and several students were injured in the melee that resulted from the storming. The protests have been condemned as violations of the Minutemen's right to free speech by New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, University President Lee Bollinger, and various media figures. Disciplinary measures may be taken pending an investigation.

Life

The Geography of Student Life

Alma Mater

This name refers to a statue on the steps (see below) of Low Memorial Library by sculptor Daniel Chester French. It is the subject of many Columbia legends.

Butler Library

The main library, packed during midterms and finals weeks, has three main parts: the stacks, the study rooms, and the cafe. Students are known to leave their belongings as a placeholder for days on end, only leaving the library to sleep a few hours. During finals, to get a spot at Butler, students wake up early in the morning and compete with others for a seat. Butler houses two million of the university's 9.2 million volumes, mostly in the humanities. Unlike the libraries of most other schools, Butler remains at least partially open 24 hours a day and acts as a center of late night studying. Butler also houses Columbia University's Rare Books and Manuscripts Library.

Dormitories

First years usually live in one of the first year dorms: Hartley, Wallach, John Jay, Furnald, or Carman. Upperclassmen participate in a housing lottery. Upperclass students may also live in Hartley and Wallach, which are collectively part of the Living and Learning Center (LLC), through a highly selective application process. Rising sophomores may also live in Furnald Hall based on their numbers obtained in the lottery. The other upperclassmen students, based on their luck, can choose between Broadway, East Campus, 47 Claremont, Hogan, McBain, River, Ruggles, Schapiro, 600 W 113th, Watt, Wien, and Woodbridge. Most students consider a townhouse in East Campus the best suite style housing option, which includes two-story suites for six students including a kitchen, common lounge, large single rooms, and a quiet location. A four or five person suite in Hogan, in which each person lives in a single and the suite shares a full kitchen, bathroom and living room, is also considered excellent housing, as its location is near many restaurants on Broadway and much closer to the subway than East Campus. Very lucky seniors with top notch lottery numbers can get their own studio apartment in Watt.

The Steps

"The Steps," alternatively known as "Low Steps," are a popular meeting area and hangout for Columbia students. The term refers to the long series of granite steps leading from the lower part of campus (South Field) to its upper terrace, atop which sits Low Memorial Library, as well as adjacent areas, including Low Plaza and small nearby lawns. On warm days, particularly in spring, the steps become crowded with students conversing, reading, or sunbathing. Occasionally, they play host to film screenings and concerts. The King's Crown Shakespeare Troupe annually performs an outdoor play by the Bard, in which the Steps frequently play a prominent role.

Sundial

The sundial as it originally appeared prior to the removal of the granite sphere

This elevated stone pedestal at the center of the main campus quadrangle now serves as a podest for various speeches. Originally there was a large granite sphere located upon the pedestal, which would mark the time via its shadow. It sat upon the pedestal from approximately 1914 to 1946. It was removed in that year due to cracks that formed within it. The ball was assumed destroyed for 55 years until it was discovered intact in a Michigan field in 2001. As of 2006, it seems unlikely that the sundial will ever be restored back to a working state.

Tunnels

Columbia University's extensive underground tunnel system is the third largest in the world following those of the Kremlin in Russia and those of MIT; many rumors about it exist.

Further information: Columbia University Tunnels

Online

In recent years, new outlets for Columbia student life have opened online. Some, such as the Bwog, the blog of the undergraduate magazine the Blue & White and a medium for campus gossip, and the professor ratings site CULPA (the Columbia Underground Listing of Professor Ability), have flourished. CULPA, established in 1997, allows students to anonymously post their own reviews of their professors. It is regarded as one of the most useful tools for students looking to enroll in a class, boasting over 10,000 reviews. Because of the candid nature of the submissions, the site has occasionally been accused of harboring biased reviews and misrepresenting professors. Still, it is the main source of professor review currently available to the Columbia student body. The acronym CULPA stands for "Columbia Underground Listing of Professor Ability", where "Underground" refers to the fact that CULPA is not officially affiliated with the university.

Other online student venues, such as CampusNetwork (née CU Community), a nascent competitor of Facebook, SpecBlogs, the online blog component of the Columbia Daily Spectator, and Bored at Butler, an experiment in anonymous online discussion for procrastinating students, have been either permanently or temporarily shut down.

Columbia University is also one of the first to have an online, latenight snack delivery service: CU Snacks. Located in Wein Residence Hall, CU Snacks was started in 2004 by Jordan Davis ('05) and Brandon Arbiter ('06) and is now part of Columbia's experiential education program in its Center for Career Education. It is completely student-run.

Clubs and Activities

Publications

Major publications include the Columbia Review, the nation's oldest college literary magazine; The Columbia Daily Spectator; One of the college's oldest literary magazine, The Columbia Observer; the nation's second-oldest student newspaper; the Columbia Political Review, the multi-partisan political magazine of the Columbia Political Union; The Fed a triweekly comedy newspaper; Jester of Columbia, the revived campus humor magazine; The Blue and White, a literary magazine established in 1890 that has recently begun to foray into in-depth pieces on campus life and politics; the Collection, an undergraduate literary magazine; and the Journal of Politics & Society, a journal of undergraduate research in the social sciences, published by the Helvidius Group. Columbia also has an online arts and literary web magazine, The Mobius Strip. This year, a group of undergraduates also started AdHoc, an undergraduate magazine that grapples with progressive issues on campus. Another group of undergraduates started The Current, a journal of politics, culture, and Jewish affairs. The Birch, Columbia's undergraduate journal of Eastern European and Eurasian culture, is the first national student-run undergraduate journal of its kind. Professional journals published by academic departments at Columbia University include Current Musicology and The Journal of Philosophy.

Other activities

The Philolexian Society is a literary debating club founded in 1802, making it one of the oldest such groups in the nation, as well as the oldest student group at Columbia. It has many famous alumni, and administers the Joyce Kilmer Bad Poetry Contest (see below).

Columbia Television (CTV) is the nation's second oldest student television station and home of CTV News, a weekly news program produced by undergraduate students.

The Columbia Model United Nations Conference and Exposition (CMUNCE), a small but prestigious high school international affairs conference, is held annually during Martin Luther King weekend on Columbia's Morningside Heights campus. The conference is known for its unique and intense crisis-oriented committees and the comparatively small committee size. Columbia Model United Nations in New York (CMUNNY]), a small crisis-oriented Model United Nations conference for college students, is being held for the first time in 2006.

Art History Underground, the student club for arts organizes yearly events such as roundtables, panels and discussions. The first traditional "What is Art History?" roundtable is going to take place in October, 2006 with the support of the Art History Department. The club also has a biannual journal with the same name, whose first issue is going to be printed in late Fall, 2006.

The Columbia Parliamentary Debate Team, competes in tournaments around the country, and hosts both high school and college tournaments on Columbia's campus, as well as public debates on issues affecting the university.

Founded in 1998, the Columbia University Mock Trial Program fields four teams that compete in tournaments across the country under the umbrella American Mock Trial Association (AMTA). In recent years the Columbia Mock Trial Program has won tournaments at Northwestern University,George Washington University,Yale University, UCLA, as well as three Northeast Regional Titles. The Columbia program is one of the best in the country, ranked in the Top-Ten since 2003 and peaking at the Number 2 ranking in 2004. In 2005-2006, Columbia Mock Trial had one team finish 5th Place at the National Tournament in St. Petersburg, FL and one team finish 6th Place at the National Championship Tournament in Des Moines, Iowa. Every year Columbia hosts the Columbia University Big Apple Invitational Tournament (CUBAIT), one of the best invitational tournaments in the nation. CUBAIT annually attracts many of the top twenty teams in the nation.

The Columbia Queer Alliance is the central Columbia student organization that represents the lesbian, gay, transgender, and questioning student population. It is the oldest gay student organization in the world, founded as the Student Homophile League in 1966 by students including lifelong activist Stephen Donaldson.[4]

Athletics

While the Columbia Lions may be best known for a dismal recent history on the football field — as epitomized by the 44-game losing streak from 1983 to 1988, then a Division I-AA record — the Light Blue boast a rich athletic tradition. The wrestling team is the oldest in the nation, and the football team was the third to join intercollegiate play. A Columbia crew was the first from outside Britain to win at the Henley Royal Regatta. Former students include baseball Hall of Famers Lou Gehrig and Eddie Collins and football Hall of Famer Sid Luckman.

The "C Rock", at the confluence of the Hudson and Harlem Rivers, greets those entering Manhattan from the north.

More recently, Columbia has excelled at archery, cross country, fencing and wrestling. In 2000, Olympic gold medal swimmer Christina Teuscher became the first Ivy League student to win the Honda-Broderick Cup, awarded to the best collegiate woman athlete in the nation. Other illustrious recent Lions include Pro Bowl defensive end Marcellus Wiley, whose success in the NFL is credited with drawing the attention of professional scouts back to the Ancient Eight.

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"The Scholar's Lion," presented on Dean's Day, April 3, 2004, in honor of the 250th anniversary of Columbia College. A gift by sculptor Greg Waytt, CC`71.

Columbia became the third school in the United States to play intercollegiate football when it sent a squad to New Brunswick, N.J., in 1870 to play a team from Rutgers. Three years later, Columbia students joined representatives from Princeton, Rutgers and Yale to ratify the first set of rules to govern intercollegiate play.

During the first half of the 20th century, the Lions enjoyed consistent success on the gridiron. Under Hall of Fame coach Lou Little, the 1934 squad shut out heavily favored Stanford in the Rose Bowl. Little’s 1947 edition beat defending national champion Army, then riding a 32-game win streak, in one of the most stunning upsets of the century. Greats of the era included the All-American Luckman, the quarterback who would lead the Chicago Bears to four NFL championships in the 1940s while ushering football into the modern era with the T formation.

Since sharing their only Ivy League title with Harvard in 1961, the football Lions have enjoyed just two winning seasons. The distance of practice facilities at Baker Field from the main campus at Morningside Heights, competition for the attention of the student body with all the diversions that Manhattan has to offer, and the lack of a winning tradition sometimes are cited as challenges to recruiting at Columbia. Norries Wilson, a runner-up for national assistant coach of the year while at the University of Connecticut in 2004, is the latest head coach brought in to try to turn the program around.

A bright spot in recent Columbia football history has been the Liberty Cup. Dedicated in 2002, the annual competition with crosstown rival Fordham University has proved popular among students at both schools, the only Division I-AA programs in New York. Columbia leads the series, 3-2.

In basketball, perhaps the greatest player to wear the light blue was All-American Chet Forte, the 1957 national college player of the year. George Gregory Jr. became the first African-American All-American in 1931. The 1968 Ivy League championship team included future NBA All-Star Jim McMillian.

A member institution of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, Columbia fields varsity teams in 29 sports. The football Lions play home games at the 17,000-seat Lawrence A. Wien Stadium at Baker Field, featured by Sports Illustrated as one of the most beautiful places in America to watch a football game. One hunded blocks north of the main campus at Morningside Heights, the Baker Field complex also includes facilities for baseball, softball, soccer, lacrosse, field hockey, tennis, track and crew. The basketball, swimming, diving and wrestling programs are based at the Dodge Physical Fitness Center on the main campus.

The university's athletics program has attempted to grow since Dr. M. Dianne Murphy became the school's sixth Director of Athletics in November, 2004. With a renewed commitment to success across the board, many sports within the athletics program appear primed to move to the top of the Ivy League. However, many of Murphy's early initiatives have been widely viewed as counterproductive, from eliminating non-hazing-related team traditions by labelling them "hazing" to taking away team emblems deemed "inappropriate". In addition, many of the school's club team athletes are unhappy with an Ivy League program lacking a varsity men's lacrosse team (only Ivy league school without one due to high percentage of female students, resulting from Barnard consortium and NCAA participation guidelines) and other teams such as varsity men's and women's hockey, which lack facilities, as well as squash.

The Columbia mascot is a lion named Roar-ee. At football games, the Columbia University Marching Band plays "Roar, Lion, Roar" each time the team scores and "Who Owns New York?" with each first down. At halftime, alumni stand and sing the alma mater, "Sans Souci."

Traditions

First Year Run

During orientation week before their first classes, freshmen get the rare opportunity to exit Lerner Hall through its back doors, turn right and enter campus again through the main gates to officially become Columbia students.

Joyce Kilmer Memorial Annual Bad Poetry Contest

The Philolexian Society hosts this open-to-the-public event in honor of Alfred Joyce Kilmer (Class of 1908), vice president of the society and the author of "Trees." Contestants get up and read their wittiest and worst original poetry, hoping for cheers. Past worst poets, awarded the title of Poet Laureate for the following year, include Everett Patterson (CC 2006) and Matthew Harrison (CC 2005).

Naked Run

Each year in October, students join in on a Track Team initiation ritual and run while singing the Columbia fight song, 'Roar, Lion, roar,' from the steps of Low Library around the lawns, pass Butler Library, and return to the steps of the law library, naked, surrounded by a crowd.

Orgo Night

On the day before the Organic Chemistry exam—which is always the on the first day of finals—at precisely the stroke of midnight, the Columbia University Marching Band occupies Butler Library to distract diligent students from studying. After a half-hour of campus-interest jokes, the procession then moves out to the lawn in front of Hartley, Wallach and John Jay residence halls to entertain the residents there. The band then plays at various other locations around Morningside Heights, including the residential quadrangle of Barnard College, where students of the all-girls' school, in mock-consternation, rain trash and water balloons upon them from their dormitories above. Past scripts are available online.

Primal Scream

On the Sunday of finals week each semester, students open their windows at midnight and scream as loudly as possible. The tradition helps students release their pent up stress and anxiety about exams. Similar traditions exist at Cornell University, Northwestern University, and presumably other institutes of higher learning as well.

Tree-Lighting and Yule Log Ceremonies

The campus Tree-Lighting Ceremony is a relatively new tradition at Columbia, inaugurated in 1998. It celebrates the illumination of the medium-sized trees lining College Walk in front of Kent and Hamilton Halls on the east end and Dodge and Journalism Halls on the west, just before finals week in early December. The lights remain on until February 28. Students meet at the sun-dial for free hot chocolate, performances by various a capella groups, and speeches by the university president and a guest.

Immediately following the College Walk festivities is one of Columbia's older holiday traditions, the lighting of the Yule Log. The ceremony dates to a period prior to the Revolutionary War, but lapsed before being revived by University President Nicholas Murray Butler in the early 20th century. A troop of students dressed in Continental Army soldiers carry the eponymous log from the sun-dial to the lounge of John Jay Hall, where it is lit amid the singing of seasonal carols.

The Varsity Show

An annual musical written by and for students, this is one of Columbia's oldest and finest traditions. Past writers and directors have included Columbians Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein, Lorenz Hart, I.A.L. Diamond, and Herman Wouk.

Academic reputation

In 2006, U.S. News and World Report. ranked the undergraduate program at Columbia University ninth (tied with the University of Chicago and Dartmouth College) among national universities. Shanghai Jiaotong University's Institute of Higher Education ranked Columbia seventh worldwide in scientific research. The Washington Monthly rankings, meant to counterbalance the U.S. News rankings with a different methodology and intent (attempting to measure schools as an engine of service, beneficial research, and upward mobility), places Columbia at 36th overall nationally in 2006.[5]

Awards and honors

As of October 2006, 78 Columbia University affiliates have been honored with Nobel Prizes for their work in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace, and economics.

Other awards/honors won by current faculty include:

• MacArthur Foundation Award: 28
• National Medal of Science: 4
• The National Academies: 99 (sum of 41+20+38, below)

• National Academy of Sciences: 41
• National Academy of Engineering: 20
• Institute of Medicine of the National Academies: 38

• American Academy of Arts and Sciences: 143

Notable Columbians

Presidents

	President	Birth Year–Death Year	Years as President	Name of Institution; Notes
1	Samuel Johnson	(1696–1772)	(1754–1763)	King's College
2	Myles Cooper	(1735–1785)	(1763–1775)	King's College
2.1	Benjamin Moore	(1748–1816)	(1775–1776)	King's College; acting
2.2	George Clinton	(1739–1812)	(1784–1787)	Columbia College "in the State of New York"; Chancellor (Regents government)
3	William Samuel Johnson	(1727–1819)	(1787–1800)	Columbia College "in the City of New York" (Trustees government)
4	Charles Henry Wharton	(1748–1833)	(1801–1801)	Columbia College
5	Benjamin Moore	(1748–1816)	(1801–1810)	Columbia College
6	William Harris	(?–?)	(1811–1829)	Columbia College; shares authority with Provost John Mitchell Mason until 1816
7	William Alexander Duer	(1780–1858)	(1829–1842)	Columbia College
8	Nathaniel Fish Moore	(1782–?)	(1842–1849)	Columbia College
9	Charles King	(1789–1867)	(1849–1863)	Columbia College; presides over move to Madison Avenue campus
10	Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard	(1809–1889)	(1864–1889)	Columbia College
11	Seth Low	(1850–1916)	(1890–1901)	Columbia College; name changes to "Columbia University in the City of New York"
12	Nicholas Murray Butler	(1862–1947)	(1902–1945)	Columbia University
12.1	Frank D. Fackenthal	(?–?)	(1945–1948)	Columbia University (acting)
13	Dwight D. Eisenhower	(1890–1969)	(1948–1953)	Columbia University; on leave while Supreme Commander of NATO
14	Grayson L. Kirk	(1903–1997)	(1953–1968)	Columbia University; resigned after 1968 protests
15	Andrew W. Cordier	(1901–1975)	(1969–1970)	Columbia University
16	William J. McGill	(1922–1997)	(1970–1980)	Columbia University
17	Michael I. Sovern	(1931– )	(1980–1993)	Columbia University
18	George Erik Rupp	(1942– )	(1993–2002)	Columbia University
19	Lee Bollinger	(1947– )	(2002– )	Columbia University

Alumni and Attendees

Alexander Hamilton, Columbia's most famous attendee

Two former Presidents of the United States have attended Columbia. Six Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States and 37 Nobel Prize winners have obtained degrees from Columbia. Today, three United States Senators and 16 current Chief Executives of Fortune 500 companies hold Columbia degrees, as do three of the 25 richest Americans.

Attendees of King's College, Columbia's predecessor, included Founding Fathers Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Robert R. Livingston, and Gouverneur Morris. US Supreme Court Chief Justices Harlan Fiske Stone, Charles Evans Hughes and Associate Justice Benjamin Cardozo, as well as former US Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, were all educated at the law school. Former US President Dwight D. Eisenhower served as President of the University. Other significant figures in American history to attend the university were John L. O'Sullivan, the journalist who coined the phrase "manifest destiny," Alfred Thayer Mahan, the geostrategist who wrote on the significance of sea power, and progressive intellectual Randolph Bourne. Wellington Koo, a Chinese diplomat who argued passionately against Japanese and Western imperialism in Asia at the Paris Peace Conference, is a graduate, having honed his debating skills in Columbia's Philolexian Society, as is Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, founding father of India and co-author of its constitution. Local politicians have been no less represented at Columbia, including Seth Low, who served as both President of the University and Mayor of the City of New York, and New York governors Thomas Dewey, also an unsuccessful US presidential candidate, DeWitt Clinton, who presided over the construction of the Erie Canal, Hamilton Fish, later to become US Secretary of State, and Daniel D. Tompkins, who also served as a Vice President of the United States.

John Jay, Founding Father, diplomat and First Chief Justice of the United States

More recent political figures educated at Columbia include current US Senators Barack Obama of Illinois and Judd Gregg of New Hampshire, former US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, UN weapons inspector Hans Blix, former UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, conservative commentators Pat Buchanan and Norman Podhoretz, US Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, former chairman of the US Federal Reserve Bank Alan Greenspan, George Stephanopoulos, Senior Advisor to former US President Bill Clinton, George Pataki, the current Governor of New York State, and Mikhail Saakashvili, the current President of the country of Georgia.

Scientists Stephen Jay Gould, Robert Millikan and Michael Pupin, cultural historian Jacques Barzun, literary critic Lionel Trilling, sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein and poet-professor Mark Van Doren, philosophers Irwin Edman and Robert Nozick, and economist Milton Friedman all obtained degrees from Columbia.

In culture and the arts, Rodgers and Hammerstein, Lorenz Hart, screenwriters Sidney Buchman and I.A.L. Diamond, critic and biographer Tim Page and musician Art Garfunkel are all among Columbia's alumni. The poets Langston Hughes, Federico García Lorca, Joyce Kilmer and John Berryman, the writers Eudora Welty, Isaac Asimov, J. D. Salinger, Upton Sinclair, Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, Herman Wouk, and Paul Auster, the playwright Tony Kushner, the architects Robert A. M. Stern, Ricardo Scofidio and Peter Eisenman, the composer Béla Bartók also attended the university. Trappist monk, author, and humanist Thomas Merton is an alumnus as well. Urban theorist and cultural critic Jane Jacobs spent time at the School of General Studies. Educator Elisabeth Irwin received her M.A. there in 1923.

Baseball legends Lou Gehrig and Sandy Koufax, along with football quarterback Sid Luckman and sportscaster Roone Arledge, are alumni.

Less notable, but still worth mentioning, are the celebrities who graduated from Columbia, including the actors Brian Dennehy, Ben Stein, George Segal, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Matthew Fox (Dr. Jack Shephard in the tv drama Lost), Rider Strong (Corey's best friend in the sitcom Boy Meets World) and Julia Stiles of 10 Things I Hate about You and Save the Last Dance, among other films. Anna Paquin, who won an Oscar for her performance in the The Piano, also attended Columbia. Finally, the actress Famke Janssen studied writing and literature at Columbia. The actors Ed Harris and Jake Gyllenhaal attended Columbia for a time before dropping out as well. R&B Singer Lauryn Hill entered Columbia, but left after one year. Another R&B singer, Alicia Keys, was accepted to Columbia but never attended in order to dedicate herself fully to her musical career. Likewise, Japanese-American pop-star Utada Hikaru opted to pursue a musical career instead of finishing her undergraduate studies at Columbia. Current head of the New York City Planning Department, Amanda Burden, received her masters at Columbia. Louis V. Heinz of H.J. Heinz Company, the most global US-based food company, also completed his studies here. James Doty, the inventor of penne a la vodka, is also an alumnus. Recently, director Spike Lee has been spotted arriving for an evening class on campus.

Faculty and Affiliates

File:John Dewey.jpg

John Dewey

Jacques Barzun, Lionel Trilling, and Mark Van Doren were legendary Columbia faculty members as well as graduates, teaching alongside such luminaries as the philosopher John Dewey, American historians Richard Hofstadter, John A. Garraty, and Charles Beard, sociologists Daniel Bell, C. Wright Mills, Robert K. Merton, and Paul Lazarsfeld, and art historian Meyer Schapiro. The history of the discipline of anthropology practically begins at Columbia with Franz Boas. Margaret Mead, a Barnard College alumna, along with Columbia graduate Ruth Benedict, continued this tradition by bringing the discipline into the spotlight. Nuclear physicists Enrico Fermi, John R. Dunning, I. I. Rabi, and Polykarp Kusch helped develop the Manhattan Project at the university, and pioneering geophysicist Maurice Ewing made great strides in the understanding of plate tectonics. Thomas Hunt Morgan discovered the chromosomal basis for genetic inheritance at his famous "fly room" at the university, laying the foundation for modern genetics. Philosopher Hannah Arendt was a visiting professor in the 1960s.

Edward Said

More recently, architects Bernard Tschumi, Santiago Calatrava and Frank Gehry have taught at the school. The postcolonial scholar Edward Said taught at Columbia, where he spent virtually the entirety of his academic career, until his death in 2003. Former Vice President and unsuccessful presidential candidate Al Gore also taught at the School of Journalism.

Today, celebrated faculty members include string-theory expert Brian Greene, American historian Eric Foner, Middle Eastern studies expert Richard Bulliet, New York City historian Kenneth T. Jackson, literary theorist Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, British historian Simon Schama, art historian Rosalind Krauss, director Mira Nair, East Asian studies expert Wm. Theodore de Bary, and economists Jeffrey Sachs, Jagdish Bhagwati, Joseph Stiglitz, Edmund Phelps, and Xavier Sala-i-Martin.

In the Fall Semester of 2006 playwright and former Czech president Václav Havel will assume the position of artist in residence on Columbia's campus, a position recently held by British playwright Peter Brook.

Fictitious Columbians

Peter Parker (played by Tobey Maguire) of Spider-Man movie fame, attains his powers after being bitten by a radioactive spider at a Columbia laboratory, and later attends the school. The Marvel Comics superhero Daredevil attended Columbia Law School and finished at the top of his class. Law & Order prosecutor Jamie Ross (later a judge on Law & Order: Trial by Jury) also attended Columbia Law. Meadow Soprano, of the television series The Sopranos, attends Columbia. Michael Moscovitz, a character in the The Princess Diaries series by Meg Cabot, is said to attend Columbia in the future. In the NBC sitcom, Will & Grace, both main characters Will Truman and Grace Adler, played by Eric McCormack and Debra Messing respectively, were Columbia graduates.

See also: List of Columbia University people

In film, television and the arts

Movies featuring scenes shot on the Morningside campus include:

Scarlett Johansson at Columbia University during the shooting of The Nanny Diaries.

• A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy
• Altered States
• Anger Management
• Awakenings
• Black and White
• Crimes and Misdemeanors
• Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind
• Everyone Says I Love You
• Ghostbusters
• Ghostbusters II
• The Graduate
• Hannah and Her Sisters
• Hitch
• K-PAX
• Kinsey
• The Last First Kiss
• The Mirror Has Two Faces
• Malcolm X
• Manhattan
• Marathon Man
• Mona Lisa Smile
• New York Minute
• Porn 'n Chicken
• The Producers: The Movie Musical
• P.S.
• Simon
• Spider-Man
• Spider-Man 2
• Stay
• The Nanny Diaries
• Thirteen Conversations About One Thing

It should be noted that many of these films were produced by Columbia Pictures.

Movies or shows with significant portrayals of Columbia alumni or students:

• Finding Forrester -William Forrester bears a likeness to J. D. Salinger, a Columbia alumnus.
• Hitch -Alex Hitchinson, played by Will Smith, went to Columbia. He met a girl there and fooled around in the stacks of Butler Library.
• Igby Goes Down
• The Pride of the Yankees -Biopic of Lou Gehrig, who attended Columbia in the 1920s.
• Quiz Show - Noted alum Charles Van Doren and the quiz show scandal of the 1950s.
• Real Women Have Curves - Ana, America Ferrera, wins a scholarship to Columbia and leaves for college near the end of the movie.
• The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants - Eric, Mike Vogel, is a student at Columbia.
• The Sopranos - the daughter of Tony Soprano is an undergraduate Columbia student.
• Nip/Tuck - Dr. Erica Noughton, the mother of Julia McNamara, is a Columbia alumna with a Ph.D in clinical psychology.
• The Rock (film) -Nicholas Cage's character, Stanley Goodspeed, is a Columbia alumnus.
• Will & Grace - In one episode, Will Truman says, "Oh, Harvard. I went to Columbia, which is just as good, no matter what my parents. say."; the show's other title character, Grace Adler, also went to Columbia.
• Saved by the Bell - Jessie Spano attends Columbia.
• Lost - Both Matthew Fox and his character, Dr. Jack Shephard, are Columbia alumni.

Currently shooting on or around the University's campus:

• August Rush
• The Nanny Diaries

An unreleased song by recording artist Nellie McKay, titled "Columbia's Bleeding" discusses alleged animal abuse as part of the practice of animal testing at Columbia University.

In Geography

The Columbia Glacier, one of the largest in Alaska's College Fjord, is named after the university, where it sits among other glaciers named for the Ivy League and Seven Sisters schools. Mount Columbia in the Collegiate Peaks Wilderness of Colorado also takes its name from the university and is situated among peaks named for Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Oxford.

See also

• Ivy League
• Education in New York City
• List of Columbia University people
• Columbia Daily Spectator
• The Blue and White
• Jester of Columbia
• The Varsity Show
• The Philolexian Society
• Columbia University Tunnels
• Columbia University Library System
• Clubs and Organizations of Columbia University
• Yavneh at Columbia University
• Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
• Go Ask Alice!
• The Pulitzer Prize
• Goddard Institute for Space Studies

External links

• Columbia's homepage
• Columbia College - undergraduate school of arts and science
• Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science - undergraduate and graduate engineering school
• Barnard College
• Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs
• Columbia School of General Studies
• The Arts Initiative at Columbia University
• Columbia Daily Spectator - second oldest student newspaper in the nation
• Columbia Political Union
• CTV News a weekly student produced news program on CTV Channel 37
• Columbia University Glee Club
• Double Discovery Center
• CULPA: Columbia Underground Listing (of) Professor Ability
• The Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
• Columbia Law School
• Columbia Graduate School of Journalism
• Columbia Teachers College
• Dell discounts for Columbia students, faculty and staff
• Union Theological Seminary
• Jewish Theological Seminary
• UGResearch.org An Electronic Library of Undergraduate Research
• Columbia Graduate School of Business
• Graduate School of Architecture Planning and Preservation
• Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
• Columbia Experimental Gravity - investigates the nature of gravity through experiment and observation
• Aerial Video Footage of Columbia's Campus
• Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals
• Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals
• Columbiana: Columbia Songs
• Timeline