Sham Chaurasia gharana
Sham Chaurasi Gharana is a gharana (singing style) in Hindustani classical music known for the singing of vocal duets, most notably represented in modern times by the brothers Nazakat and Salamat Ali Khan.
History
The gharana is believed to have been founded in the 16th century by Chand Khan and Suraj Khan who were contemporaries of Tansen at the court of Mughal emperor Akbar. Successive generations of musicians in the gharana specialised in the dhrupad form of singing and evolved a tradition of duet vocal (jugalbandi) performances. Meer Baksh and Khairdeen, Karam Elahi Khan, Vilayat Ali and Hadayat Khan, Nazakat Ali and Salamat Ali are noted practitioners of jugalbandi from this gharana. [1]
The gharana is centred at a village of the same name in the Hoshiarpur district of Punjab (India); variant spellings include Shamchurasi etc.
Another explanation of the name is that sham is taken from the name of the Sufi saint, Sant Shami Shah and (chaurasi =84) was named after a cluster of 84 villages which constituted a land revenue unit[2] in the time of Ranjit Singh. According to one legend, the founders were given a parcel of land here as a grant to them by Mughal Emperor Akbar.[3]
In an alternative version of the origin, the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah Rangila was said to have been so impressed by the gharana that he gave all income from the 84 local villages, known as 'Chaurasi', to the Sufi saint Sant Shami Shah. [4]
Nazakat and Salamat Ali Khan
Around the turn of the century, the gharana was represented by Vilayat Ali Khan, who was noted for his dhrupad singing. His sons were Salamat Ali Khan, Nazakat Ali Khan, Tasadaq Ali Khan, Akhter Ali Khan and Zaker Ali Khan.
The brothers Nazakat Ali Khan (1928-1984) and Salamat Ali Khan (1934-2001) had their debut performance on All India Radio, Delhi in 1942, when Salamat was only 8.[5] They went to Amritsar for a memorable concert:
- "When the performance started, it seemed like a feast of musical notes had descended upon us in the audience. Every member of the audience was amazed and in complete awe of the duo. It was almost unbelievable that boys of that age could give such a fine performance. When the drut portion started, the brothers gave a blazing display of taans, sargams and layakari, which left the audience stunned".:[6]
After the 1947 Partition of British India, the family first moved to Multan, Pakistan and later moved to Lahore, Pakistan. They emerged as one of the leading performers of classical music in Pakistan. Hameed Naseem of Radio Pakistan once remarked about Nazakat and Salamat Ali Khan: Tansen issi tarah gata ho ga! (the legendary Tansen must have sung like this).[3]
A number of their recordings exist from their very fruitful partnership until 1974. Subsequently, due to differences over finances,[5] they broke up, and Nazakat Ali Khan was to die in 1984, but Salamat continued singing along with his sons Sharafat Ali Khan and Shafqat Ali Khan, who continue the Sham Chaurasia tradition. Salamat's second eldest son, Latafat Ali Khan is an exponent of Ghazal, Thumri and Kafi singing.
References
- ^ Tradition of Hindustani Music By Manorma Sharma p63 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YdtqrooCo-oC&pg=PA63, Retrieved 9 Feb 2016
- ^ "An area consisting of Eightyfour Villages". The Tribune., Retrieved 9 Feb 2016
- ^ a b S.M. Shahid. "The Sufi Musician (Ustad Salamat Ali Khan)". Retrieved 2007-07-20.
- ^ Tradition of Hindustani Music By Manorma Sharma p62 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YdtqrooCo-oC&pg=PA63, Retrieved 9 Feb 2016
- ^ a b http://www.thefridaytimes.com/14012011/page27.shtml, Biography of Salamat Ali Khan on The Friday Times newspaper, Published 14 Jan 2011, Retrieved 9 Jan 2016
- ^ M.A. Sheikh. "Yaadein : Ustad Nazakat Ali Khan and Ustad Salamat Ali Khan's memorable performance at the Durgiana Temple in Amritsar". Retrieved 2007-09-20., Retrieved 9 Feb 2016