Hypnic headache
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2012) |
| Hypnic headache | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Neurology  |
 | This headache disorder article lacks information pertaining to its ICHD-2 diagnostic criteria and/or classification. |
Hypnic headaches are benign primary headaches that affect the elderly, with the average age of onset being 63 ± 11 years.[1] They are moderate, throbbing, bilateral or unilateral headaches that wake the sufferer from sleep once or multiple times a night.[2] They typically begin a few hours after sleep begins and can last from 15–180 min.[3] There is normally no nausea, photophobia, phonophobia or autonomic symptoms associated with the headache. They commonly occur at the same time every night possibly linking the headaches with circadian rhythm, but polysomnography has recently revealed that the onset of hypnic headaches may be associated with REM sleep.[1] Lithium carbonate 200–600 mg at bedtime is an effective treatment for most patients but for those that can not tolerate Lithium, Verapamil, indomethacin, melatonin or methylsergilide may be tried.[4] Two patients have also responded to flunarizine 5 mg. It has also been shown that 1–2 cups of coffee or 100–200 mg of caffeine before bed can prevent hypnic headaches.
For diagnosis of hypnic headache syndrome, headaches should occur at least 15 times per month for at least one month. Included in the differential diagnosis of a new onset nighttime headaches in the elderly is drug withdrawal, temporal arteritis, Sleep apnea, oxygen desaturated, Pheochromocytoma, intracranial causes, primary and secondary neoplasms, communicating hydrocephalus, subdural hematoma, vascular lesions, migraines, cluster headaches, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania and hypnic headache. All other causes must be ruled out before the diagnosis of hypnic headache can be made.
References
- ^ a b Evers S, Goadsby PJ (March 2003). "Hypnic headache: clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment". Neurology. 60 (6): 905–9. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000046582.21771.9c. PMID 12654950.
- ^ Gould JD, Silberstein SD (December 1997). "Unilateral hypnic headache: a case study". Neurology. 49 (6): 1749–51. doi:10.1212/wnl.49.6.1749. PMID 9409389.
- ^ Goadsby, Peter J.; Silberstein, Stephen D.; Lipton, Richard B. (2002). Headache in clinical practice. London: Martin Dunitz. ISBN 1-901865-88-6.
- ^ Evars, Stefan; Goadsby, Peter (2005). "Review: Hypnic headache" (PDF). Practical Neurology. Review. 5. BMJ: 144–49. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- "ICHD-II-Hypnic Headaches". ISH Classification.
- Dalessio, Donald J.; Wolff, Harold G.; Silberstein, Stephen D.; Lipton, Richard B. (2001). Wolff's headache and other head pain. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-513518-0.