Chipaya language

Chipaya
Chipaya
Puquina
Region	Bolivian Andes
Native speakers	1,800 (2011)
Language family	Uru–Chipaya Chipaya;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	cap
Glottolog	chip1262
ELP	Chipaya
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Chipaya is a native South American language of the Uru–Chipaya language family. The only other language in the grouping, Uru, is considered by some to be a divergent dialect of Chipaya. Ethnologue lists the language vitality as "vigorous," with 1200 speakers out of an ethnic population of around 1800. Chipaya has been influenced considerably by Aymara, Quechua, and more recently, Spanish, with a third of its vocabulary having been replaced by those languages.

The Chipayan language is spoken in the area south of Lake Titicaca along the Desaguadero River in the mountains of Bolivia and mainly in the town of Chipaya located in the Sabaya Province of the Bolivian department of Oruro north of Coipasa Salt Flats. Native speakers generally refer to it as Puquina or Uchun Maa Taqu ("our mother language"), but is not the same as the extinct Puquina language. Chipaya is an agglutinative language, though it has features uncommon to most agglutinative languages, according to preliminary research by the organization DOBES.

Phonology

Consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Palatal	Velar		Uvular
		Bilabial	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Palatal	plain	labialized	plain	labialized
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/	ň /ɲ/		ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive	plain	p /p/	t /t/		č /c/	k /k/	kʷ /kʷ/	q /q/
Plosive	ejective	p' /pʼ/	t' /tʼ/		č' /cʼ/	k' /kʼ/		q' /qʼ/
Affricate	plain		¢ /ts/	ch /tʃ/
Affricate	ejective		¢' /tsʼ/	ch' /tʃʼ/
Fricative			s /s/	sh /ʃ/	š /ç/	h /x/	hʷ /xʷ/	x /χ/	xʷ /χʷ/
Approximant			l /l/	lʲ /lʲ/	y /j/		w /enwiki/w/

Consonant clusters

Multiple possibilities are separated by slashes, and optional elements are enclosed in parentheses.

Possible syllable onsets are:

(s/š) + p + (h)
(s/š/sh) + k/q + (h/hʷ/x/xʷ)
s/š + p/k/kʷ/q/qʷ/h/hʷ/m/n
t + h/hʷ/x/xʷ
¢/č/ch/l + h

Possible syllable codas are:

h/x + p/t/k/q/l/lʲ/r + (t)
hʷ/xʷ + k/q + (t)
Consonant + t

Vowels

Vowels have continental values for a, [a], e [e], i [i], o, [o], and u [u]. Each vowel can be short, e.g., a [a], or long, e.g., a• [aː].

References

^ Chipaya at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)

External links

[e19-1] Chipaya at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)

[1]