Timeline of Homs

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Homs, Syria.

Prior to 7th century

3rd millennium BCE – Citadel of Homs was founded. Biblical scholars have identified the city with Hamath-zobah.^[1]^[2]
732 BCE – Syro-Ephraimite War, Assyrians in power.
540 BCE – Persian Achaemenid Empire in power (approximate date).
64 BCE – The Emesani dynasty were confirmed in their rule as client kings of the Romans.
50 AD – Saint Mary Church of the Holy Belt was consecrated.
432 AD – Church of Saint Elian was consecrated.

7th–19th centuries

636 – Siege of Emesa, city was captured by Rashidun Caliphate.
750 – Abbasids wrested control of Homs.
855 – Christian population revolted in response to additional taxation under the reign of Caliph al-Mutawakkil.^[3]
891 – al-Yaqubi noted that Homs was situated along a broad river (Orontes River) which served as a source of drinking water for the inhabitants.^[4]
944 – Hamdanids took control of the city.
1090 – Seljuk Turks occupied Homs under the leadership of Aq Sunqur al-Hajib.^[5]
1149 – The Mosul-based Zengids under Nur al-Din captured the city.^[6]
1154 – Al-Idrisi mentioned that Homs was populous, contained open markets, and was frequented by travelers. The residents were pleasant; living with them is easy. The women are beautiful and are celebrated for their fine skin."^[7]
1164 – Asad ad-Din Shirkuh became Homs' fief, later known as “Emir of Homs”.
1175 – Saladin gained control of the city.
1225 – Yaqut al-Hamawi mentioned that Homs was large, celebrated and walled, having a strongly fortified castle on its southern hill.^[8]
1355 – Ibn Batuta visited Homs, writing that it had fine trees and good markets.
1400 – Timur seized the city. Nevertheless, he did not sack it as he did in Aleppo, Hama and later Damascus, due to a man called “‘Amr bin al-Rawas” who conciled with him offering precious gifts to save the city.^[9]
1510 – al-Fadl bin Nu'ayr was sent on an expedition by the governor of Damascus to loot the city markets.^[6]
1516 – Ottoman Turks in power.
1549 – Homs Sanjak was created as part of Ottoman Aleppo Eyalet.
1579 – Homs is under Ottoman Tripoli Eyalet.
1785 – French traveler, Volney wrote of the city's once great importance and its current "miserable" condition.
1832–1840 – city was occupied by Muhammad Ali's Egypt led by Ibrahim Pasha.^[10]^[11]
1855 – National Evangelical School was founded by American missionaries.^[12]
1860s – The city rebelled against Egyptian rule and consequently, the citadel was destroyed when the Egyptians suppressed the revolt. Ottoman rule was soon restored.^[6]
1864 – Homs became part of Ottoman Syria Vilayet.
1870s – Homs' economic importance was boosted again during the depression of the 1870s, as its cotton industry boomed due to a decline European textile production. One British consul referred to Homs as the "Manchester of Syria."^[6]
1887 – Al Ghassania Orthodox School was established.^[13]

20th century

1907 – Population: 65,000 (estimate).^[2]
1908–1913 – Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque was consecrated.
1918 – Homs was captured by the 5th Cavalry Division of the Allied forces in October 1918. Later on, it became part of the French Mandate of Syria.
1922 – Homs Museum's ground floor was established, 1st floor finished in 1949, and 2nd floor in 1963.^[14]
1925 – The city joined Damascus and the southern Druze chieftains in a full-blown revolt against French rule.^[15]
1928 – Al-Karamah SC was formed.
1930s
- An oil pipeline between Tripoli and Kirkuk was built in Homs, and it followed an ancient caravan route between Palmyra and the Mediterranean.
- The famous old Clock Tower, facing al-Hamidiya Street, was built by the French.
1932 – The French moved their military academy from Damascus to Homs to be established in 1933, later known as Homs Military Academy,^[16] and it remained the only military academy in Syria until 1967.^[17]
1937 – Al-Wathba SC was formed.
1959 – An oil refinery was built to process oil for domestic consumption.^[6] The city's oil refinery was bombed by the Israeli Air Force (IAF) during the 1973 Yom Kippur War.^[18]
1960
- Khalid ibn al-Walid Stadium was opened.
- Population: 136,000 (estimate).^[19]
1973 – Culture House Theater was established.^[20]
1979 – Al-Baath University was established.
1981 – Population: 346,871 (estimate).^[21]
1994 – Population: 540,133 (estimate).^[22]
2000 – Bassel al-Assad Stadium with a capacity of 25,000 was inaugurated.^[23]

21st century

2004 – Population: 652,609 (estimate).^[24]
6 May 2011 – 9 May 2014 – Siege of Homs, Syrian Army recaptures Homs.

References

^ Dumper, 2007, p. 171.
^ ^a ^b Cook, 1907, p. 362.
^ Gil, 1997, pp. 296–97.
^ le Strange, 1890, p. 353.
^ Dumper, 2007, p. 172.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Dumper, 2007, p. 173.
^ le Strange, 1890, p. 354.
^ Yaqut al-Hamawi quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. 356.
^ Mohammad Amin Sheikho (2011). حقيقة تيمورلنك العظيم تظهر في القرن الواحد والعشرين- الجزء الثاني (in Arabic). دار نور البشير. p. 43.
^ Collelo, Thomas (1987). "Syria – Ottoman Empire". Syria: A Country Study. GPO for the Library of Congress. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
^ Shaw, 1977, p. 33
^ "Rev. H.H. Jessup Dead". The New York Times. 29 April 1910.
^ https://www.zamanalwsl.net/news/46142.html معالم حمص ومشيداتها الأثرية: المدرسة الغسانية.. منارة للعلم
^ "متحف حمص". Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums (in Arabic). 13 December 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
^ Cleveland, 2000, p. 215.
^ "Military Training". All Refer. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
^ Commins, 2004, p. 130.
^ Seale, 2007, p. 210.
^ Winckler, 1998, p. 72.
^ "افتتاح مسرح دار الثقافة بحمص.. مشوح: نجهد للارتقاء بالفكر الثقافي". Discover-Syria (in Arabic). 27 June 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
^ Population Census Report (1981), Central Bureau of Statistics
^ PUN Demographic Yearkbook (1999)
^ Bassel al-Assad Stadium in Homs
^ General Census of Population and Housing 2004. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Homs Governorate. Template:Ar icon

Bibliography

Khoury Issa Ahmed (1983), "Chapter One, 2300 BCE - 622 AD", History of Homs, Al-Sayih Library {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Homs". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill.

External links

34°43′51″N 36°42′34″E / 34.73083°N 36.70944°E / 34.73083; 36.70944

[Dumper1-1] Dumper, 2007, p. 171.

[Cook-2] Cook, 1907, p. 362.

[3] Gil, 1997, pp. 296–97.

[le_Strange2-4] Strange, 1890, p. 353.

[Dumper-5] Dumper, 2007, p. 172.

[Dumper2-6] Dumper, 2007, p. 173.

[7] Strange, 1890, p. 354.

[Hamawi-8] Yaqut al-Hamawi quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. 356.

[9] Mohammad Amin Sheikho (2011). حقيقة تيمورلنك العظيم تظهر في القرن الواحد والعشرين- الجزء الثاني (in Arabic). دار نور البشير. p. 43.

[Collelo1-10] Collelo, Thomas (1987). "Syria – Ottoman Empire". Syria: A Country Study. GPO for the Library of Congress. Retrieved 28 February 2009.

[11] Shaw, 1977, p. 33

[12] "Rev. H.H. Jessup Dead". The New York Times. 29 April 1910.

[13] ttps://www.zamanalwsl.net/news/46142.html معالم حمص ومشيداتها الأثرية: المدرسة الغسانية.. منارة للعلم

[14] "متحف حمص". Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums (in Arabic). 13 December 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2017.

[15] Cleveland, 2000, p. 215.

[16] "Military Training". All Refer. Retrieved 3 December 2017.

[commins-17] Commins, 2004, p. 130.

[Seale-18] Seale, 2007, p. 210.

[Winckler-19] Winckler, 1998, p. 72.

[20] "افتتاح مسرح دار الثقافة بحمص.. مشوح: نجهد للارتقاء بالفكر الثقافي". Discover-Syria (in Arabic). 27 June 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2017.

[Census-21] Population Census Report (1981), Central Bureau of Statistics

[UN-22] PUN Demographic Yearkbook (1999)

[23] Bassel al-Assad Stadium in Homs

[CBS-24] General Census of Population and Housing 2004. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Homs Governorate. Template:Ar icon

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v t e Cities and towns of Syria
Governorate centres	Aleppo Damascus Daraa Deir ez-Zor Hama al-Hasakah Homs Idlib Latakia Quneitra Raqqa Rif Dimashq Suwayda Tartus
District centres	Abu Kamal Afrin Ariha Atarib Ayn al-Arab Azaz al-Bab Baniyas Darayya Dayr Hafir Douma Duraykish Fiq al-Haffah Harem Izra' Jableh Jarabulus Jisr ash-Shughur Maarat al-Numaan al-Malikiyah Manbij Masyaf Mayadin Mhardeh al-Mukharram al-Foqani an-Nabk Palmyra Qamishli Qardaha Qatana Qudsaya al-Qusayr al-Qutayfah Ra's al-'Ayn al-Rastan as-Safira Safita Salamiyah Salkhad al-Sanamayn Shahba ash-Shaykh Badr al-Suqaylabiyah Talkalakh al-Tall Tell Abyad al-Thawrah Yabroud Zabadani
Sub-district centres	Abu Qilqil Abu al-Thuhur Akhtarin Amuda Arbeen Arima al-Ariqah al-Arishah Armanaz Arwad al-Asharah Assal al-Ward Awj Ayn al-Fijah Ayn Halaqim Ayn Issa Ayn al-Nasr Babbila Banan Barri Sharqi Beit Jinn Binnish Bir al-Helou Bosra Bulbul Busayrah Da'el al-Dana Darat Izza Darkush al-Darbasiyah Deir Atiyah al-Dimas al-Dumayr Furqlus Ghabaghib Ghandoura al-Ghariyah al-Ghizlaniyah al-Hader Hadidah al-Hajar al-Aswad al-Hajib Hajin al-Hamidiyah al-Hamraa Harasta Harbnafsah Harran al-Awamid al-Hirak Hish Hisyah al-Hawl Huraytan al-Huwash Ibbin Samaan Ihsim Jayrud al-Jalaa al-Janudiyah Jaramana al-Jarniyah Jasim al-Jawadiyah Jubb al-Jarrah Jubb Ramlah Jindires al-Jiza al-Qabu Kafr Batna Kafr Nabl Kafr Takharim Kafr Zita al-Karamah al-Kasrah Kessab al-Khafsah Khan Shaykhun Khasham Kirnaz Kuwayris Sharqi Khanaser Khirbet Ghazaleh Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud al-Kiswah Ma'arrat Misrin Maabatli Maadan Maaloula Madaya Mahin Malah al-Malihah al-Mansurah Mare' Markada Mashta al-Helu Maskanah al-Masmiyah al-Mazraa Muhambal Muhasan al-Musayfirah al-Mushannaf Muzayrib al-Nashabiyah al-Nasirah Nawa Nubl al-Qadmus al-Qahtaniyah Qalaat al-Madiq Qarah al-Qaryatayn al-Qurayya Qurqania Rajo Rankus Rasm Harmil al-Imam al-Rai al-Riqama al-Ruhaybah al-Saan Saasaa Sabburah al-Sabe' Biyar al-Sabkhah Sadad Sahnaya Saidnaya Salqin Saraqib Sarmin Sarrin Sawran Sebei al-Shaddadah al-Shajara Shaqqa Sharran Shathah Shaykh al-Hadid al-Shaykh Maskin Shayukh Tahtani Shin Sinjar Sirghaya Slinfah Suluk al-Surah al-Saghirah al-Suwar Suran al-Susah al-Sukhnah al-Tabni Talbiseh Taldou al-Tamanah Tasil Tell al-Daman Tell Hamis Tell Rifaat Tell Salhab Tell Tamer Tedef Thiban Uqayribat Urum al-Kubra Wadi al-Oyun al-Yaarubiyah al-Zirbah az-Ziyarah

Prior to 7th century

7th–19th centuries

20th century

21st century

See also

References

Bibliography

External links