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A 2007 report for the World Bank,[1] by Oxford University economist Phillip Killicoat, estimated there were about 500 million firearms in the world.[1] The same report placed the annual number of firearms deaths worldwide at between 200,000 and 400,000, with only a minority of these — 20,000 to 100,000 — in “conflict settings”.[1] Another report by the Geneva-based Small Arms Survey[2] the same year said there were at least 639 million weapons in circulation, and probably many more. The Small Arms Survey is partly funded by NATO.[3]

This page lists more than 100 small arms designs which have been produced in numbers exceeding one million since the late 18th century. Added together, production of these types adds up to roughly 400-650 million. Many more types have been made in the hundreds of thousands.

In the U.S. alone, an estimated 270 to 310 million firearms are in legal private ownership, including 114 million handguns, 110 million rifles and 86 million shotguns.[4] More than half the world's firearms are concentrated in the U.S.; this is reflected by the many sporting guns and non-military handguns that appear high on this list.

Many of the firearms on this list are military weapons which were used in the two world wars, so it is unsurprising that they were manufactured in such high numbers. Others are civilian hunting and sporting weapons, which generally sell very well in countries such as the U.S. and Canada. Many of those produced have been destroyed, deactivated or fallen into disrepair, but others will have been kept in working order and sold or passed on from one owner to another down the years.[5]

Estimates put the production of firearm cartridges at 10-14 billion per year according to Oxfam[6] — 27-38 million bullets a day. If stored correctly, cartridge ammunition can remain viable and potent for decades. Individuals often shoot batches of ammunition that are over 50 years old with few or no malfunctions[7].

Sources for the figures on this list range from manufacturer's serial number lists to books and magazines on firearms, studies on arms proliferation and websites on firearms history and collecting. One problem is that various "respectable" sources disagree on key facts. Production figures for the Kalashnikov AK-47, for example, are quoted as anywhere between 30 and 150 million. One of those sources, the Small Arms Survey, claimed in 2007 that 60-80 percent of firearms are not manufactured by the original producer, but by other companies, state arsenals or small workshops. Of that production, it said, 57 percent was licensed, 24 percent unlicensed and the status of the remaining 19 percent "uncertain".[8]

Russia has been singled out for criticism over the past three decades for small arms and light weapons proliferation,[9][10] despite U.S. dominance of the arms export trade.[11] This may account for the tendency for estimates of Kalashnikov rifle production to be revised steeply upward.

In his 2001 book 'The AK-47', Chris McNab claims it is "feasible" that production of the Chinese Type 56 assault rifle – a license-built AK-47 copy – reached 15-20 million.[12] McNab bases that estimate on the "apparent" strength of the Chinese armed forces of 10 million (3 million regular troops and 5-7 million reservists), along with presumed export sales. However, the true strength of the People's Liberation Army was around 1.5 million in 2013.[13] Furthermore, as late as the 1979 Sino-Vietnamese war most Chinese soldiers were armed with another weapon, the Type 56 carbine (an SKS copy), and were soon after re-equipped with the Type 81 assault rifle, followed later by the QBZ-95 and QBZ-03, all of which are unrelated to the Kalashnikov design. This is not to single out Chris McNab: other western sources make similar claims.[14]

Research into arms proliferation is often carried out by organisations with an interest in arms control and limitation. The aforementioned Small Arms Survey's mission statement asserts:

The proliferation of small arms and light weapons represents a grave threat to human security. The unchecked spread of these weapons has exacerbated inter- and intra-state conflicts, contributed to human rights violations, undermined political and economic development, destabilized communities, and devastated the lives of millions of people.[15]

Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership called the Small Arms Survey "biased" on the basis of that statement.[16]

Designs produced in numbers exceeding 1 million

Model or series Class of firearm Country of

origin

Low estimate

of production

High estimate

of production

Notes
Kalashnikov AK-47

(and derivatives)

Assault rifle Soviet Union 35,000,000[17] 150,000,000[18] 10 million AKM[19], 5 million AK-74[20]15-20 million Chinese Type 56[12]

3 million Yugoslav Zastava M70, 2 million East German Mpi

Several million Egyptian Maadi

Mauser Gewehr 98

(and similar)

Bolt-action rifle Germany 20,000,000[21] 100,000,000[21]
Mosin-Nagant Bolt-action rifle Russia/Soviet Union 37,000,000[22]
Lee-Enfield Bolt-action rifle United Kingdom 17,000,000[23]
Simonov SKS Self-loading carbine Soviet Union 15,000,000[24]
M16/M4/AR-15 (and derivatives) Assault rifle

Self-loading rifle

USA 11,000,000 13,000,000 8 million military M16/M4,[25] 3-5 million civilian AR-15[26][27]
Remington Model 870 Pump-action shotgun USA 11,000,000+[28]
Marlin Model 60 Self-loading rifle USA 11,000,000[29]
IMI Uzi Submachine gun Israel 2,000,000[30] 10,000,000[31]
Mossberg 500 Pump-action shotgun USA 10,000,000[32]
Arisaka Type 30/38/99 Bolt-action rifle Japan 7,000,000 10,000,000[33] ~560,000 Type 30, 3 million plus Type 38[33]

3.5 million or more Type 99[34]

RPG-7 Grenade launcher Soviet Union 9,000,000[35]
Winchester Model 1894 Lever-action rifle USA 6,000,000[36] 7,500,000[37]
Heckler & Koch G3 Battle rifle Germany 7,000,000[17]
Browning M1917

and M1919

Machine gun USA 5,000,000 7,000,000 2 million M1917[38] according to this source. More conservatively 68,000 by the end of WWI[39]

72,500 from 1919 to mid-30's, then 55,869 A1 models from 1936 to 1945[40]

5 million M1919[41]

Makarov PM Self-loading pistol Soviet Union 5,000,000[42] 10,000,000[43] 5 million at the Izhevsk factory alone[44]
FN FAL, L1A1 etc. Battle rifle Belgium 5,000,000 7,000,000[17] 2 million + Belgian FN FAL,[45] 1.15 million British L1A1[46]

1 million + Indian 1A1,[47] 250,000 South African R1[48]

(plus 30,000 sold to Rhodesia[49]), 230,000 Australian L1A1 and L2A1

~200,000 Brazilian IMBEL M964,[50] ~150,000 Austrian StG 58,[51] ~65,000 Canadian C1

Musket Model 1777 Musket France 7,000,000[52]
M1/M2/M3 Carbine Self-loading carbine

Automatic carbine

USA 6,500,000[53]
M1 Garand Self-loading rifle USA 6,250,000[54]
Type 63 Assault rifle Peoples' Republic of China 1,000,000[55] 6,000,000[56]
Shpagin PPSh-41 Submachine gun Soviet Union 5,000,000[57] 6,000,000[58]
Marlin Model 336 Lever-action rifle USA 6,000,000[59]
Smith & Wesson Model 10 Revolver USA 6,000,000[60]
Glock 17 series Self-loading pistol Austria 6,000,000[61] 10,000,000[62] 5 million sold by 2007 and 1 million in 2013 alone. 800,000+ imported in 2012.[63]
Ruger 10/22 Self-loading rifle USA 5,000,000[64] 6,000,000[65]
Walther PP/PPK Self-loading pistol Germany 5,000,000[66]
Colt M1911 and copies Self-loading pistol USA 3,000,000 5,000,000 2,700,000 military models (various contractors)[67]

~500,000 civilian production by Colt[67]

Up to 2 million Spanish Star Model A/B/M/P?

113,000 Argentine Ballester-Molina[68]

STEN gun Submachine gun United Kingdom 3,500,000[69] 4,500,000[70]
Carcano Modello 1891 Bolt-action rifle Italy 3,000,000[71] 4,500,000[21]
'Brown Bess' Land Pattern Musket Musket United Kingdom 3,000,000[72][73] 4,300,000[74] 3 million India Pattern Short Land Carbine made from 1795[72]

1.6 million made in Birmingham and 2.7 million in London[74]

Remington Model 1100 Self-loading shotgun USA 3,000,000[75] 4,000,000[76]
Ruger Single Six/

Blackhawk/Vaquero

Revolver USA 4,000,000 ~1.5 million Single Six[77][78]

~2 million Blackhawk[79][80][81][82][83]

~650,000 Vaquero[84][85]

Lebel Model 1886 Bolt-action rifle France 3,500,000[86]
Beretta 92 Self-loading pistol Italy 3,500,000[87][88]
Mannlicher M1895 Bolt-action rifle Austria-Hungary 2,500,000[89] 3,500,000[34]
Berdan M1870 Single-shot

bolt-action rifle

Russia 3,200,000[90]
Browning M2 Heavy machine gun USA 3,000,000[91]
Ruger Standard Self-loading pistol USA 2,000,000[92] 3,000,000[93]
Springfield M1903 Bolt-action rifle USA 3,000,000[94]
Luger Parabellum Self-loading pistol Germany 2,000,000[95] 3,000,000[96]
Browning Auto-5 Self-loading shotgun USA 2,000,000[97] 3,000,000[97] Browning made its 2 millionth gun in 1974[98].

Also produced as the Remington Model 11 and Savage Model 720 and 745

Nagant M1895 Revolver Belgium/Russia/USSR 2,600,000[99] 3,000,000+[100]
Gewehr 1888 Bolt-action rifle Germany 2,000,000[101] 2,800,000[102]
High Standard .22

target pistol series

Self-loading pistol USA 2,700,000[103]
High Standard Sentinel Revolver USA 2,600,000[103]
Remington Model 740/742/7400

Woodsmaster

Self-loading rifle USA 1,700,000 2,500,000[104]
M14 Battle rifle USA 1,530,000 2,380,000 1.38 million US M14[105]

~150,000 – 1 million Taiwanese T57[106]

Marlin Model 1891, 1892, 1897 and 39 Lever-action rifle USA 2,200,000[107]
Berthier Models 1890-1907 Bolt-action rifle France 2,000,000+[108]
Winchester Model 1912/42 Pump-action shotgun USA 2,000,000[36][109]
Winchester Model 70/670/770 Bolt-action rifle USA 2,000,000[36][109]
Winchester Model 1892 and copies Lever-action rifle USA 2,000,000[36][109]
Ruger M77 Bolt-action rifle USA 2,000,000[110][111][112]
Sudaev PPS-42/43 Submachine gun Soviet Union 2,000,000[113]
Baikal/IMZ MP-27M Double-barrelled shotgun Soviet Union 2,000,000+[114]
Ithaca 37 Pump-action shotgun USA 2,000,000[115][116]
Raven MP-25 Self-loading pistol USA 2,000,000[117][118]
FN M1906/Colt M1908 Vest Pocket/

FN Baby Browning

Self-loading pistol Belgium/USA 2,000,000[118][98]
FN Model 1910, 1922 and Browning

Model 1955

Self-loading pistol Belgium 1,786,000 2,000,000 704,000 Model 1910[119], 486,000+ Model 1922[120][121],

619,000 Model 1955[98]

Winchester Models 1900 — 68 Single-shot rifle USA 1,750,000 2,000,000[109]
Springfield Model 1861 and 1863 Rifle-musket USA 1,500,000 2,000,000[122] 1 million M1861[123][124] and 500,000-700,000 M1863

750,000 Model 1863 Type II[125]

Ruger P-series Self-loading pistol USA 1,000,000 2,000,000[126]
Winchester Model 1200/1300/120 Pump-action shotgun USA 1,900,000[109]
Thompson M1921/M1928/M1 Submachine gun USA 1,700,000[127]
Tokarev TT Self-loading pistol Soviet Union 1,700,000[128]
QBZ-95 Assault rifle Peoples' Republic of China 1,650,000[129] Estimate based on strength of People's Liberation Army
Tokarev SVT-38 and SVT-40 Automatic rifle Soviet Union 1,000,000+[130] 1,600,000[131]
Winchester Model 1890 and 1906 Pump-action rifle USA 1,600,000[109]
Colt Police Positive Special

and Detective Special

Revolver USA 1,500,000[67]
Beretta M1934 and M1935 Self-loading pistol Italy 1,500,000 1 million plus Model 1934[132]

525,000 Model 1935[133]

Harrington & Richardson

Young America Double Action

Revolver USA 1,500,000[134]
Ruger Security-Six/ Speed Six/ Service Six Revolver USA 1,240,000[135] 1,500,000[136]
Ruger LCP Self-loading pistol USA 1,500,000[137]
FN Browning Hi-Power Self-Loading Pistol Belgium 1,000,000[138] 1,500,000[139] A BBC article claims 10 million[30]
Remington Model 760/7600

Gamemaster

Pump-action rifle USA 1,000,000[140] 1,500,000[141] 1,034,462 of the Model 760 alone were made from 1952-1980
Vetterli M1870 Bolt-action rifle Italy 1,500,000[142]
Remington Rolling Block Single-shot rifle USA 1,500,000[143][144]
Pattern 1853 Enfield Rifle-musket United Kingdom 1,500,000[145]
Schmidt–Rubin Model 1889 etc. Bolt-action rifle Switzerland 1,366,000[146]
Harrington & Richardson

Model 2 Double Action

Revolver USA 1,300,000[147]
Colt Army Special/Official Police/

.357/Trooper/Python

Revolver USA 1,300,000[67]
High Standard Derringer Derringer USA 1,300,000[103]
Smith & Wesson N-frame (including

models 27, 28 and 29)

Revolver USA 1,300,000[148][149] 333,454 S-prefix serial numbers

970,000 N-prefix serial numbers

Mannlicher M1886 and M1888 Bolt-action rifle Austro-Hungarian Empire 1,200,000[150][151]
Walther P38 Self-loading pistol Germany 1,173,000[152] WWII production alone
Smith & Wesson I-Frame

(Model 30/31, 32/33 and 34/35)

Revolver USA 1,169,000 Model 30 and 31: 826,977[149]

Model 32 and 33: 122,678[149]

Model 34 and 35: 219,801[149]

Dreyse Needle-Gun Single-shot rifle Prussia 1,150,000[74]
MAS-36 Bolt-action rifle France 1,100,000[153]
MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Gun Germany 1,100,000[154]
Ruger Mini-14/AC556 Self-loading rifle

Assault rifle

USA 1,000,000+[155]
CZ 75 Self-loading pistol Czechoslovakia 1,000,000+[156]
Mauser C96 'Broomhandle'

and derivatives

Self-loading pistol

Machine pistol

Germany 1,000,000+ 920,000-984,000 C96[157], 98,000 M712 'Schnellfeur'.[158]

Tens of thousands of Spanish and Chinese copies.[159][160]

Marlin Model 1894 Lever-action rifle USA 1,000,000+[161]
Savage Model 99 Lever-action rifle USA 1,000,000+[162]
Kalashnikov PK Machine gun Soviet Union 1,000,000+[163]
Smith & Wesson M&P Shield Self-loading pistol USA 1,000,000+ 1 million mark reached in December 2015[164]
INSAS Assault rifle India 1,000,000+[165] Based on strength of Indian army (1.3 million) and annual production rate. In service 1998-2017.
'Chassepot' Fusil Modèle 1866 Single-shot rifle France 1,030,000[74]
Winchester Model 1897 Pump-action shotgun USA 1,024,700[166]
Degtyaryov-Shpagin DShK Heavy machine gun Soviet Union ~1,000,000 Dubious
CZ Vz. 58 Assault rifle Czechoslovakia ~1,000,000[167]
Taurus Millennium series Self-loading pistol Brazil ~1,000,000[168] Nearly 1 million before 2015/16 recall, still in production
Daewoo Precision Industries K2 Assault rifle Republic of Korea ~1,000,000[169] "Nearly a million" in 2017, still in production and being exported
FN Browning M1900 Self-loading pistol Belgium 724,550[170] 1,000,000[171]
Martini-Henry Single-shot rifle United Kingdom 500,000 1,000,000[172]
Total 395 million 650 million

Designs produced in numbers from 100,000 to 1,000,000

Model or series Class of

firearm

Country of

origin

Low estimate

of production

High estimate

of production

Notes
Gabilondo Ruby Self-loading pistol Spain 700,000[173] 900,000[174]
Ruger GP100 Revolver USA 734,500[175]
Colt 1903/1908 Pocket Hammerless Self-loading pistol USA 710,000 572,215 in .32 ACP and 138,009 in .380 ACP
Winchester Model 1873 Lever-action rifle USA 702,000[176][177]
Tula-Korovin TK Self-loading pistol Soviet Union 500,000[178]
Colt Single Action Army

or "Peacemaker"

Revolver USA 457,000[67] 357,000 from 1873 to 1940. 100,000 from 1956 to 1978.

Still in production

Colt Model 1849 Pocket Revolver USA 350,000[67]
Colt Model 1851 Navy Revolver USA 257,000[67]
Colt Model 1860 Army Revolver USA 200,500[67]
Colt Model 1877 Lightning revolver USA 166,849[67]
Winchester Model 1866 Lever-action rifle USA 157,625[179][36]
FN Model 1903 Self-loading pistol Belgium 153,173[180]
Colt Open-Top Pocket Revolver USA 114,200[67]

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