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Fort Granger

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Coordinates: 35°55′33″N 86°51′38″W / 35.92583°N 86.86056°W / 35.92583; -86.86056
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Fort Granger
Fort Granger is located in Tennessee
Fort Granger
Fort Granger is located in the United States
Fort Granger
LocationOff Liberty Pike, Franklin, Tennessee
Coordinates35°55′33″N 86°51′38″W / 35.92583°N 86.86056°W / 35.92583; -86.86056
Area20 acres (8.1 ha)
Built1862
NRHP reference No.73001858[1]
Added to NRHPJanuary 8, 1973

Fort Granger is a property in Franklin, Tennessee that is now a City of Franklin park, in the central Franklin area.[2] It was part of American Civil War fortifications of Franklin and includes trenches dug by Civil War soldiers.

The Union Army captured Nashville early in 1862 and occupied Franklin within a few weeks.[3] The troops occupying Franklin were under the command of Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger, for whom the fort is named.[4] The Union Army, fearful of local unrest and Confederate guerrillas, began planning and construction for an artillery position that would protect the Nashville railroad line nearby.[5] Construction began in 1863 and was overseen by Capt. W. E. Morrill.[4]

A letter written by James L. Rogers, 98th Ohio Infantry, on June 4, 1863 reveals some of the Federal units who constructed Fort Granger. Rogers states in part, "For the last 2 months and over we have been camped in, near Franklin, Tenn.. While our stay there, our time was principally occupied in working on the fortifications and scouting occasionally. And on the 2nd day of June General Grainger’s commenced including the 125th.O., 124th., O, 113th., O., 121st.O., 98th.O., 40th.O., 115th.ILL., 96th., ILL., 12ILL., & 84th Ind., and 2 or 3 regts of cavalry & 3 battries left Franklin at 6 a.m." [6] The Samuel Boyd Map shows the positions of the Federal unit's camp sites at Franklin in 1863. [7]

The fort was to be located on Figuer's Bluff, just north of the Harpeth River and parallel to the railroad to Nashville.[8] The fort was built on Figuer's Bluff because the bluff had military control over the Harpeth River bridge of the Tennessee and Alabama Railroad and it had control over the southern and northern approaches to Franklin.[9] The completed fort incorporated nearly 275,000 square feet.[8] The fort is approximately 781 feet long and 346 wide.[10] Until the Battle of Franklin, the fort was only occupied by a small garrison.[8]

The entrance to the fort was called the 'Sally Port.'[9] The strongest part of the fortification, called 'The Cavalier,' was the location where the ground was the highest.[11] This 'fort within a fort' was meant for times of overpowering attacks where defenders could make a final stand against invaders.[11] The Cavalier was ideal for artillery because it provided the best view of the surrounding landscape.[11]

The Union army hanged two Confederate spies at the fort on June 9, 1863.[8] The artillery in the fort was utilized twice in 1863 against Confederate cavalry forces.[4]

In September 1864, Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood led the Army of Tennessee against Union Gen. William T. Sherman's supply lines after Sherman defeated Hood at Atlanta.[12] Hood directed the army north into Tennessee.[12] Union General John M. Schofield slowed Hood at Columbia and Spring Hill before falling back to Franklin.[12] Guns from Fort Granger provided an enfilading fire upon Confederate attack in the Battle of Franklin on November 30, 1864.[13] The commanding Union general, John M. Schofield, spent most of his time during the battle in Fort Granger.[8]

The Confederate Army was subject to massed fire from the Union artillery in the fort.[14] Four 3-inch rifled cannons in Fort Granger were fired by Capt. Giles J. Cockerill, Battery D, 1st Ohio Light Artillery.[12] The Confederates suffered serious casualties to the 163 rounds fired by Cockerill’s guns.[12] The right wing of the Confederate line, commanded by Gen. A. P. Stewart’s Corps suffered the most from these rounds,[12]

A 20-acre (8.1 ha) area of the property, including one contributing structure and one contributing site, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.[1][15]


There is a boardwalk on the southern side of the fort that leads to a trail, eventually connecting to Pinkerton Park.[2]

Roper's Knob Fortifications is another NRHP-listed fortification on the Franklin battlefield area.

  • Earthworks.
    Earthworks.
  • View of fort site from the bottom of the trail.
    View of fort site from the bottom of the trail.
  • Fort Granger earthworks.
    Fort Granger earthworks.
  • View of Harpeth river from fort site observation deck.
    View of Harpeth river from fort site observation deck.
  • View of trail leading up to fort.
    View of trail leading up to fort.
  • Center of the Fort Granger site.
    Center of the Fort Granger site.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. ^ a b "Fort Granger". www.franklin-gov.com. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  3. ^ Smith, Michael Thomas (2014). The 1864 Franklin-Nashville Campaign: The Finishing Stroke. Santa Barbara: Praeger. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-313-39234-4.
  4. ^ a b c "Fort Granger". Historical marker, 113 Fort Granger Dr, Franklin, TN 37064
  5. ^ Holladay, Bob (Spring 2009). "James Hogan, Jr., and the Conflicts of Antebellum Southern Identity in Williamson County". Tennessee Historical Quarterly: 20–39. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  6. ^ The Kraig McNutt Civil War Collection, https://battleoffranklin.wordpress.com/about-your-guide/
  7. ^ THE FORTRESS WAR: EFFECT OF UNION FORTIFICATIONS IN THE WESTERN THEATER OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR, by Thomas R. Flagel. Middle Tennessee State University, 2016: p 44.
  8. ^ a b c d e Jacobson, pp. 208-12; Welcher, p. 593; Sword, p. 167; Eicher, p. 772.
  9. ^ a b "Battlefield Tours Fort Granger". Civil War Landscapes. December 26, 2010. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
  10. ^ McNutt, Kraig W. (2014). Who Built Fort Granger?. The Center for the Study of the Civil War.
  11. ^ a b c "The Cavalier". Civil War Journeys. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Dover, Michael (March 24, 2011). "The Historical Marker Database". The Historical Marker Database. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
  13. ^ Jacob Dolson Cox (1897). The Battle of Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864: a monograph. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. p. 123. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  14. ^ Crownover, Sims (December 1955). "The Battle of Franklin". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  15. ^ Jack Morgan and Earle DuRard, Jr. (September 1, 1972). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Fort Granger". National Park Service. Retrieved March 2, 2017. with two photos from 1973 and aerial photo from 1972
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