Mount Papandayan
| Mount Papandayan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,666 m (8,747 ft)[1] |
| Listing | Ribu |
| Coordinates | 7°19′S 107°44′E / 7.32°S 107.73°E |
| Geography | |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Stratovolcanoes |
| Last eruption | November to December 2002 |
Mount Papandayan is a complex stratovolcano, located in Garut Regency, to the southeast of the city of Bandung in West Java, Indonesia. It is about 15 km to the southwest of the town of Garut. At the summit, there are four large craters which contain active fumarole fields. An eruption in 1772 caused the northeast flank to collapse producing a catastrophic debris avalanche that destroyed 40 villages and killed nearly 3,000 people. The eruption truncated the volcano into a broad shape with two peaks and a flat area 1.1 km wide with Alun-Alun crater in the middle, making the mountain appear as a twin volcano; one of the peaks is called Papandayan and the other Mount Puntang.[1]
Since 1772, only small phreatic eruptions were recorded before an explosive eruption that began in November 2002. More recently, the volcano has been quite active. On August 13, 2011 the volcano's early warning status was lifted from Level II, "Vigilant" (Template:Lang-id) to Level III, "Alert" (Siaga) following the swarm of long-period events, the increase of volcano tectonic earthquake rate, and an extremely high percentage (100%) of measured carbon dioxide gas in the ground at the summit crater.[2] People, including tourists, were urged to remain at least 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) from the yellow craters on the 2,665-meter (8,743-foot) Mount Papandayan.[3] On Friday September 2, 2011, the Indonesian Volcanology and Geophysical Disaster Mitigation Center reported that numerous shallow volcanic earthquakes had been recorded along with other indications of volcanic activity. A spokesperson for the Indonesian National Disaster Management Agency noted that if Mt Papandayan erupted, over 170,000 people living in five nearby subdistricts (kecamatan) and in twenty villages could be affected.[4] Of the people likely to be affected, it was expected that perhaps as many as 11,500 people might need to be evacuated.
Volcanism
Mount Papandayan is a large composite volcano. It is constructed of alternating layers of lava and ash, and other fragmental volcanic rock debris formed by explosive eruptions over the past several hundred years. A large horseshoe-shape crater extended to the northeast resulting in an avalanche deposit consisted of intermixed volcanic debris and alternated rocks, Kawah Manuk and many other with solfataras emitting smoke and hot fumes from its inner sides.[5]
Tourism
The Mount Papandayan area is a popular tourist site.[6] Tourists can walk across the crater and view phenomena such as bubbling mud pools, steam vents, and sulfur deposits. Papandayan Crater (Kawah Papandayan), a bubbling yellow crater, is a popular sight.[5] There are various other volcanic craters in the area to the south of Bandung as well. Another volcanic crater with easy access in the same region is Kawah Putih; it is in the nearby Bandung District to the west of Mt Papandayan.
Above the crater is an elfin forest and several meadows with Javanese Edelweiss.[5]
Article of Mount Papandayan
Created by :
Rangga Nurfahmi
Cisurupan,Garut
West java
Indonesia
25 august 2018
- HISTORY
This mountain is quite unique because it has biodiversity, extraordinary charm, plus amazing scenery, feels like it is on the Moon/planet Mars, plus the cool air that seems to add to the beauty of this mountain Papandayan volcano, Volcano that has an altitude of 2665 MDPL comes from Sundanese (local language of West Java) basic words "panday" which means blacksmith The history of naming the volcano papandayan began when a group of people who heard strange sounds when crossing this mountain, the voice sounded like the sound of iron being hit, the same sound as the blacksmith made several tools by hand before they thought that the sound was from a ghost, because in ancient times the people who lived here believed in supernatural things but it turned out that the sound came from the papandayan crater which at all times roared with noise that sounded like a blacksmith working
.in the history of this mountain has erupted several times August 12, 1772 March 11, 1923 August 15, 1942 11 November 2002 the biggest eruption occurred in 1772 which killed at least 3000 people from 40 villages that were destroyed
- LOCATION
Mount Papandayan is located in Sirnajaya Village, Cisurupan District, Garut Regency, west java 9 km from the center of Cisurupan 27 km from Garut City Station 70 km from Bandung city
to make it easier for traveller who want to go here, if you start traveling from Jakarta or Bandung you just go to Garut bus station, and take a medium bus, we called ELF in the direction of Cikajang and get off at cisurupan
- THING TO DO
many things you can do here because papandayan has a charm that is not only one place but a few, 1. Sunrise Spot at sonny cliff, 2.golden crater, this is the most active crater here, the largest, the rest of the 1772 eruption that has killed many victims, historic, because from here it starts from the naming of papandayan, what distinguishes papandayan from other volcanoes is that you can stand very close to the active crater , the gas that sounds very strong, plus the smoke / steam that is in every corner, the smell of gas that feels like boiling eggs the smell is strong but not deadly 3. dead Forest this is the most sought after place by tourists because of the dry and dead fields of the "cantigi" (Vaccinium varingiaefolium), volcanic ash in the last eruption of 2002 which burned this cantilever field just behind the new crater lucky for you if you go to the dead forest and the clouds come, it feels very mystical and artistic for you photography hunters 4.new Crater This crater came from the 2002 eruption, different in characteristics from the first eruption, because lava released this year was cold lava while lava in the first eruption was hot lava 5.lake color The color lake on Mount Papua is very unique because it always changes color depending on the weather, the intensity of the rain, the intensity of the sun's heat, the temperature of the new crater, the chemical content of sulfur substances, the level of water acidity because the color lake on this mountain is just below the new crater, directly affecting it Indonesia only has 2 season, dry and rain, which is why in the rainy season the dominant color of blue - green leaves - turquoise green and in summer the dominant color of the lake is brown, yellow, red
before the 2002 eruption, the lake did not exist, meaning the beginning of the formation of this lake was an eruption originating from a new crater that destroyed the inactive bird crater (caldera), leaving space formed like a bowl then rainwater filled the caldera itself created a lake
- FOOD
For food travelers do not need to worry because there are quite a number of small restaurants along the road from Garut to Cisurupan starting from Sundanese food Padang food Satay / Sate and others if there is a question ... is there food on Mount Papandayan? of course but not as good as usual a lot of stalls that you can get here, with fairly cheap prices starting from IDR 10,000 such as noodle soup, fried rice and so on drinks start at IDR 5,000 they open the shop from morning to evening 7am - 5pm
- ENTRANCE TICKET
maybe this is a bit surprising for some people who don't know that now Mount Papandayan has been taken over by a private company since the last 2 years the management of Mount Papandayan has been released by the Garut Regency Government to a private company under the permission of the Indonesian President directly for the next 50 years
Information Entrance Fee Mount Papandayan for Foreign Tourists : IDR 200.000 IDR 300.000 ( weekend/holiday )
like it or not, want it or not, the entrance ticket is drastically more expensive, whatever they think This is a terrible business when you see a ticket that is more expensive than before even though like that, the price now compatible with what you will get on this volcano, absolutely you will not dissapointed
- PLACE TO STAY
cisurupan is a small village under the foot of Mount Papandayan which is still beautiful, cool, and densely populated, different like big cities such as Bandung or Jakarta which are not comfortable to visit , too many people it's a bit difficult to find a comfortable place here because hotel / homestay accommodation is not as much as in a big city, although here some accommodation 3-5 which is near from the volcano but for now ADK papandayan homestay & tour is one of the accommodations that are ready to receive guests of foreign tourists who want to stay before going to Mount Papandayan , start from IDR 150.000/room staff and all crew can speak English and the owner speak german, and also this homestay is a recommendation from the German travel book "Stefan Loose" besides the ADK homestay it also has a restaurant cafe with a reasonably priced food and drinks around IDR 5,000 - 35,000 Even tour packages also they can help like Papandayan Tour Tour countryside Tour village to Village
See also
References
- ^ a b "Papandayan". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved December 21, 2006.
- ^ Syahbana, D. K., Caudron, C., Jousset, P., Lecocq, T., Camelbeeck, T., Bernard, A., & Surono, 2014. 'Fluid dynamics inside a “wet” volcano inferred from the complex frequencies of long-period (LP) events: An example from Papandayan volcano, West Java, Indonesia, during the 2011 seismic unrest', Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 280(76-89). [1].
- ^ "Indonesia Warns Tourists away from Smoking Volcano". August 14, 2011.
- ^ Adianto P. Simamora, 'Increased activity at 22 volcanoes, alert raised', The Jakarta Post, September 3, 2011. The five kecamatan subdistricts listed by the National Disaster Management Agency were Cisurupan, Pamulihan, Bayongbong, Pakenjeng, and Sukaresmi.
- ^ a b c Mountain Tourism: Mount Papandayan, "The Beauty of Elfin Woodland". Jakarta: Ministry of Culture and Tourism. 2009.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Useful details are at the Gunung Bagging website for Papandayan. Information about Gunung Bagging activities is at Imogen Badgery-Parker, 'Climb ev'ry mountain', The Jakarta Post, December 6, 2009.
External links
Media related to Mount Papandayan at Wikimedia Commons