Outline of finance
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to finance:
Finance – addresses the ways in which individuals and organizations raise and allocate monetary resources over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects.
Overview
The word finance may incorporate any of the following:
- The study of money and other assets
- The management and control of those assets
- Profiling and managing project risks
Fundamental financial concepts
- Finance Overview
- Arbitrage
- Capital (economics)
- Capital asset pricing model
- Cash flow
- Cash flow matching
- Debt
- Discounted cash flow
- Financial capital
- Financial modeling
- Entrepreneur
- Fixed income analysis
- Gap financing
- Global financial system
- Hedge
- Interest rate
- Short rate model
- Interest
- Investment
- Leverage
- Long (finance)
- Liquidity
- Margin (finance)
- Mark to market
- Market Impact
- Medium of exchange
- Microcredit
- Money
- Portfolio
- Reference rate
- Return
- Risk
- Scenario analysis
- Short (finance)
- Speculation
- Position trader
- Spread trade
- Standard of deferred payment
- Store of value
- Time horizon
- Time value of money
- Unit of account
- Volatility
- Yield
- Yield curve
History
- History of banking
- History of insurance
- Tulip mania 1620s/1630s
- South Sea Bubble & Mississippi Company 1710s; see also Stock market bubble
- Vix pervenit 1745, on usury and other dishonest profit
- Panic of 1837
- Railway mania 1840s
- Erie War 1860s
- Long Depression 1873 to 1896
- Post-World War I hyperinflation; see Hyperinflation and Inflation in the Weimar Republic
- Wall Street Crash 1929
- Great Depression 1930s
- Bretton Woods Accord 1944
- 1973 oil crisis
- 1979 energy crisis
- Savings and Loan Crisis 1980s
- Black Monday 1987
- Asian financial crisis 1990s
- Dot-com bubble 1995-2001
- Stock market downturn of 2002
- United States housing bubble
- Financial crisis of 2007–2010
Finance terms by field
Accounting (financial record keeping)
- Auditing
- Accounting software
- Book keeping
- FASB
- Financial accountancy
- Management accounting
- Philosophy of Accounting
- Working capital
Banking
- Anonymous banking
- Automatic teller machine
- Deposit
- Deposit creation multiplier
- Ethical banking
- International Bank Account Number
- Islamic banking
- Loan
- Withdrawal
Corporate finance
- Balance sheet analysis
- Business plan
- Capital budgeting
- Corporate action
- Managerial finance
- Mergers and acquisitions
- Real options
- Working capital management
Investment management
- See also: #General concepts under Portfolio theory below.
- Active management
- Efficient market hypothesis
- Portfolio
- Modern portfolio theory
- Arbitrage pricing theory
- Passive management
- Activist shareholder
- Mutual fund
- Financial engineering
- Hedge fund
- Hedge
Personal finance
- 529 plan (college savings)
- Asset allocation
- Budget
- Coverdell Education Savings Account (Coverdell ESAs, formerly known as Education IRAs)
- Credit and debt
- Debit card
- Direct deposit
- Employment contract
- Financial literacy
- Insurance
- Predatory lending
- Retirement plan
- Simple living
- Social security
- Tax advantage
- Wealth
- Comparison of accounting software
- Personal financial management
- Investment club
- Collective investment scheme
Public finance
- Central bank
- Federal Reserve
- Fractional-reserve banking
- Tax
- Capital gains tax
- Estate tax (and inheritance tax)
- Gift tax
- Income tax
- Inheritance tax
- Payroll tax
- Property tax (including land value tax)
- Sales tax (including value added tax, excise tax, and use tax)
- Transfer tax (including stamp duty)
- Tax advantage
- Tax, tariff and trade
- Tax amortization benefit
- Crowding out
- Industrial policy
- Agricultural policy
- Currency union
- Monetary reform
Insurance
- Actuarial science
- Annuities
- Catastrophe modeling
- Earthquake loss
- Extended coverage
- Insurable interest
- Insurable risk
- Insurance
- Insurance contract
- Risk Retention Group
Economics and finance
Mathematics and finance
Time value of money
Financial mathematics
Mathematical tools
- Probability
- Stochastic calculus
- Monte Carlo methods
- Partial differential equations
- Volatility
Derivatives pricing
- Brownian model of financial markets
- Rational pricing assumptions (See also Fundamental theorem of asset pricing & Martingale pricing)
- Forward contract
- Futures
- Options (incl. Real options and ESOs)
- Black–Scholes formula
- Approximations for American options
- Black model
- Binomial options model
- Finite difference methods for option pricing
- Garman–Kohlhagen model
- The Greeks
- Lattice model (finance)
- Margrabe's formula
- Monte Carlo methods for option pricing
- Monte Carlo methods in finance
- Quasi-Monte Carlo methods in finance
- Least Square Monte Carlo for American options
- Trinomial tree
- Volatility
- Black–Scholes formula
- Swaps
- Interest rate derivatives (bond options, swaptions, caps and floors, and others)
- Black model
- Short-rate models (generally applied via lattice based- and specialized simulation-models, although "Black like" formulae exist in some cases.)
- Forward rate-based models (Application as per short-rate models)
- LIBOR market model (also called: Brace–Gatarek–Musiela Model, BGM)
- Heath–Jarrow–Morton Model (HJM)
- Valuation adjustments
Constraint finance
- Environmental finance
- Feminist economics
- Green economics
- Islamic economics
- Uneconomic growth
- Value of Earth
- Value of life
Financial markets
Market and instruments
- Capital markets
- Securities
- Financial markets
- Primary market
- Initial public offering
- Aftermarket
- Free market
- Bull market
- Bear market
- Bear market rally
- Market maker
- Dow Jones Industrial Average
- Nasdaq
- List of stock exchanges
- List of stock market indices
- List of corporations by market capitalization
- Value Line Composite Index
Equity market
- Stock market
- Stock
- Common stock
- Preferred stock
- Treasury stock
- Equity investment
- Index investing
- Private Equity
- Financial reports and statements
- Fundamental analysis
- Dividend
- Dividend yield
- Stock split
Equity valuation
- See also: #Discounted cash flow valuation below
- Dow theory
- Elliott wave principle
- Economic value added
- Fibonacci retracement
- Gordon model
- Growth stock
- Mergers and acquisitions
- Leveraged buyout
- Takeover
- Corporate raid
- PE ratio
- Market capitalization
- Income per share
- Stock valuation
- Technical analysis
- Chart patterns
- V-trend
- Paper valuation
Investment theory
- Behavioral finance
- Dead cat bounce
- Efficient market hypothesis
- Market microstructure
- Stock market crash
- Stock market bubble
- January effect
- Mark Twain effect
- Quantitative behavioral finance
- Quantitative analysis (finance)
- Statistical arbitrage
Bond market
- Bond (finance)
- Zero-coupon bond
- Junk bonds
- Convertible bond
- Accrual bond
- Municipal bond
- Sovereign bond
- Bond valuation
- Fixed income
Money market
- Repurchase agreement
- International Money Market
- Currency
- Exchange rate
- International currency codes
- Table of historical exchange rates
Commodity market
- Commodity
- Asset
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Day trading
- Drawdowns
- Forfaiting
- Fundamental analysis
- Futures contract
- Fungibility
- Gold as an investment
- Hedging
- Jesse Lauriston Livermore
- List of traded commodities
- Ownership equity
- Position trader
- Risk (Futures)
- Seasonal traders
- Seasonal spread trading
- Slippage
- Speculation
- Spread trade
- Technical analysis
- Trade
- Trend
Derivatives market
- Derivative (finance)
- (see also Financial mathematics topics; Derivatives pricing)
- Underlying instrument
Forward markets and contracts
Futures markets and contracts
- Backwardation
- Contango
- Futures contract
- Financial future
- Futures exchange
Option markets and contracts
- Options
- Stock option
- Warrants
- Foreign exchange option
- Interest rate options
- Bond options
- Real options
- Options on futures
Swap markets and contracts
- see: Swap (finance)
Derivative markets by underlyings
Equity derivatives
- Contract for difference (CFD)
- Exchange-traded fund (ETF)
- Equity options
- Equity swap
- Real estate investment trust (REIT)
- Warrants
Interest rate derivatives
- LIBOR
- Forward rate agreement
- Interest rate swap
- Interest rate cap
- Exotic interest rate option
- Bond option
- Interest rate future
- Money market instruments
- Range accrual Swaps/Notes/Bonds
- In-arrears Swap
- Constant maturity swap (CMS) or Constant Treasury Swap (CTS) derivatives (swaps, caps, floors)
- Interest rate Swaption
- Bermudan swaptions
- Cross currency swaptions
- Power Reverse Dual Currency note (PRDC or Turbo)
- Target redemption note (TARN)
- CMS steepener
- Snowball
- Inverse floater
- Strips of Collateralized mortgage obligation
- Ratchet caps and floors
Credit derivatives
- Credit default swap
- Collateralized debt obligation
- Credit default option
- Total return swap
- Securitization
Foreign exchange derivative
- Foreign exchange option
- Currency future
- Forex swap
- Foreign exchange hedge
- Binary option: Foreign exchange
Financial regulation
Designations and accreditation
- Certified Financial Planner
- Chartered Financial Analyst
- Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst
- Professional Risk Manager
- Chartered Financial Consultant
- Canadian Securities Institute
- Independent Financial Adviser
- Financial Risk Manager
- Chartered Accountant
Litigation
Fraud
Industry bodies
Regulatory bodies
International
- Bank for International Settlements
- International Organization of Securities Commissions
- Security Commission
- Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
- Basel Accords – Basel I, Basel II, Basel III
- International Association of Insurance Supervisors
- International Accounting Standards Board
European Union
Regulatory bodies by country
United Kingdom
United States
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Federal Reserve
- Federal Trade Commission
- Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board
- Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
- Securities and Exchange Commission
United States legislation
- Glass–Steagall Act (US)
- Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (US)
- Sarbanes-Oxley Act (US)
- Securities Act of 1933 (US)
- Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (US)
- Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (US)
- USA PATRIOT Act
Actuarial topics
Asset types
Raising capital
Valuation
Underlying theory
- Value (economics)
- Valuation (finance) and specifically #Valuation overview
- Real versus nominal value (economics)
- Fair value
- Intrinsic value
- Asset pricing
- Market price
- Value in use
- "The Theory of Investment Value"
- Equilibrium price
- Arbitrage-free price (Rational pricing §)
- Valuation risk
Discounted cash flow valuation
- Bond valuation
- Modelling (Bond valuation §)
- Results
- Cash flows
- Real estate valuation
- Equity valuation
- Context (see also #Equity valuation above)
- Results
- Enterprise value
- Sum-of-the-parts analysis
- Discounts and allowances
- Net present value
- Adjusted present value
- Equivalent Annual Cost
- Payback period
- Discounted payback period
- Internal rate of return
- Modified Internal Rate of Return
- Return on investment
- Profitability index
- Minimum acceptable rate of return
- Margin of safety (financial)
- Specific models and approaches
- Modelling
- Cash flow
- Terminal value (finance)
- Cost of capital
- Forecasted financial statements
- Financial forecast
- Financial modeling #Accounting
- Pro forma #Financial statements
- Revenue
- Costs
- Capital
Relative valuation
- Bonds
- Real estate
- Equity
Contingent claim valuation
- Valuation techniques
- Valuation of investments and projects
- Valuation of balance sheet assets and liabilities
- warrants and other convertible securities
- securities with embedded options such as callable bonds
- employee stock options
- structured finance investments (funding dependent)
- special purpose entities (funding dependent)
Portfolio theory
General concepts
- Portfolio (finance)
- Portfolio manager / Investment management
- Investment strategy
- Investor profile
- Rate of return on a portfolio
- Risk return ratio
- Risk factor (finance)
- Portfolio optimization
- Diversification (finance)
- Asset classes
- Asset allocation
- Sector rotation
- Correlation & covariance
- Risk-free interest rate
- Leverage (finance)
- Utility function
- Intertemporal portfolio choice
- Investment style
- Portfolio insurance
- Mathematical finance §Risk and portfolio management: the P world
Modern portfolio theory
- Theory and results (derivation of the CAPM)
- Market price
- Systematic risk
- Idiosyncratic risk / Specific risk
- Mean-variance analysis (Two-moment decision model)
- Efficient frontier (Mean variance efficiency)
- Feasible set
- Mutual fund separation theorem
- Tangent portfolio
- Market portfolio
- Beta (finance)
- Capital allocation line
- Capital market line
- Security characteristic line
- Capital asset pricing model
- Security market line
- Roll's critique
- Related measures
- Equilibrium pricing models (CAPM and extensions)
- Optimization models
Post-modern portfolio theory
- Approaches
- Optimization considerations
- Pareto efficiency
- Bayesian efficiency
- Multiple-criteria decision analysis
- Multi-objective optimization
- Stochastic dominance
- Downside risk
- Risk parity
- Tail risk parity
- Deviation risk measure
- Volatility skewness
- Semivariance
- Expected shortfall (ES; also called conditional value at risk (CVaR), average value at risk (AVaR), expected tail loss (ETL))
- Tail value at risk
- Statistical dispersion
- Discounted maximum loss
- Measures
Performance measurement
- Performance attribution
- Fixed-income attribution
- Benchmark
- Lipper average
- Returns-based style analysis
- Rate of return on a portfolio
- Holding period return
- Tracking error
- Alpha (finance)
- Beta (finance)
- Simple Dietz method
- Modified Dietz method
- Modigliani risk-adjusted performance
- Upside potential ratio
- Maximum Downside Exposure
- Maximum drawdown
- Sharpe ratio
- Treynor ratio
- Jensen's alpha
- Bias ratio
- V2 ratio
- Calmar ratio (hedge fund specific)
Mathematical techniques
- Quadratic programming
- Nonlinear programming
- Mixed integer programming
- Stochastic programming (§ Multistage portfolio optimization)
- Copula (probability theory) (§ Quantitative finance)
- Principal component analysis (§ Quantitative finance)
- Deterministic global optimization
Financial software tools
- Straight Through Processing Software
- Technical Analysis Software
- Fundamental Analysis Software
- Algorithmic trading
- Electronic trading platform
- List of numerical analysis software
- Comparison of numerical analysis software
Financial institutions
- Bank
- List of banks
- Advising bank
- Central bank
- Commercial bank
- Community development bank
- Cooperative bank
- Custodian bank
- Depository bank
- Ethical bank
- Investment bank
- Islamic banking
- Merchant bank
- Microcredit
- Mutual savings bank
- National bank
- Offshore bank
- Private bank
- Savings bank
- Swiss bank
- Bank holding company
- Building society
- Broker
- Clearing house
- Commercial lender
- Community development financial institution
- Credit rating agency
- Credit union
- Diversified financial
- Edge Act Corporation
- Export Credit Agencies
- Financial adviser
- Financial intermediary
- Financial planner
- Futures exchange
- Government sponsored enterprise
- Hard money lender
- Independent Financial Adviser
- Industrial loan company
- Insurance company
- Investment adviser
- Investment company
- Investment trust
- Large and Complex Financial Institutions
- Mutual fund
- Non-banking financial company
- Savings and loan association
- Stock exchange
- Trust company
Lists
- Index of accounting articles
- Outline of business management
- Outline of marketing
- Outline of economics
- Outline of production
- List of international trade topics
- List of business law topics
- List of business theorists
See also
External links
Finance at Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Resources from Wikiversity
- Wharton Finance Knowledge Project – aimed to offer free access to finance knowledge for students, teachers, and self-learners.
- Comprehensive site about topics of financial theory, with a focus in Corporate Finance, Valuation and Investments. Updated Data, Excel Spreadsheets and more. Prof. Aswath Damodaran
- For links to finance web sites, grouped by topic see Web Sites for Discerning Finance Students, Prof. John M. Wachowicz -
- For the introductory finance web site at the University of Arizona, studyfinance.com
- For introductory articles, a full glossary and links to resources on behavioral finance see the BF gallery
- For the law of the financial markets see SECLaw.com
- For various shared blog posts on finance see fwisp.com
- For stock market related financial definitions see TheStreet.com Glossary
- The Finance Director provides access to essential suppliers of financial services and solutions
- Middle East Banking & Finance News — ArabianBusiness.com