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Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri
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Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri, also commonly known as Mufti-e-Azam Hind,[1] (1892–1981) was an Indian Muslim scholar and author, and leader of the Barelvi movement following the death of its founder, his father Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi.[2] Mustafa Raza Khan was born on July 18, 1892 in Bareilly, India and lived until the age of 90, passing away on November 12, 1981.[3] He wrote several books on Islam in Arabic, Urdu, Hindi, and Persian and announced judgments on several thousand Islamic problems in his compilation of fatawa Fatawa-e-Mustafwia. Thousands of Islamic scholars were counted as his spiritual successors.[4] He was the main leader of the All India Jamaat Raza-e-Mustafa in Bareilly, which opposed the Shuddhi movement to convert Muslims to Hinduism in pre-Partition India.[4][5] During the time of emergency[clarification needed] in India, he issued a fatwa against vasectomy and argued[why?] against then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.[6][7]
Lineage
Mustafa Raza Khan was the son of Ahmed Raza Khan. He had an older brother, Hazrat Maulana Hamid Raza Khan.[8] His paternal grandfather was Allamah Maulana Raza Ali Khan.[1][3]
Life
Birth
Mustafa Raza Khan was born on July 18, 1892, which was Monday, the 22nd of Zil Hijjah 1310 AH according to the Islamic calendar. He was born in Bareilly, India, the same city his father was born in.[9][8]
Marriage and Family
Mustafa Raza Khan married his cousin. His cousin was the daughter of his paternal uncle, Hazrat Muhammad Raza Khan[9]. Mustafa Raza Khan had 6 daughters and 1 son. His son, Hazrat Anwar Raza, died as a young child.[9]
Education
Early Education
Mustafa Raza Khan received most of his education from AlaHazrat and Ash Shah Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Al Qaderi, the mujaddid of Islam.[8][9] He studied books with the help of his older brother, Hazrat Maulana Hamid Raza Khan. He also received guidance from Maulana Shah Rahm Ilahi Maglori, Maulana Sayyid Basheer Ahmad Aligarhi and Maulana Zahurul Hussain Rampuri. By the age of 18, Mustafa Raza Khan completed all Islamic sciences and arts from the Center of Ahle Sunnat Dar-ul-Uloom-Manzar-e-Islam.[8]
First Fatwa
Mustafa Raza Khan wrote his first Islamic ruling, also known as a fatwa, when he was 13 years old in 1328 AH (according to the Islamic calendar)[9]. His fatwa was about Raza’at: the closeness and harmony between two people’s breasts when they are fed by the same woman[8][9]. Mustafa Raza Khan’s father, Ahmed Raza Khan, critiqued, signed, and approved this fatwa, and ordered Hafiz Yaqeenudeen to make a stamp for Mustafa Raza Khan. After his first successful fatwa, Mustafa Raza Khan spent another 12 years writing fatwas under his father’s discipline, up until his father’s death. The stamp he received from his father was lost in his second Hajj,[9] an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Beliefs
Worship and Spiritual exercise, or ibadat and riyat respectively, were very important to Mustafa Raza Khan. Mustafa Raza Khan would always pray, or perform salah al jama'ah. Upon entering a masjid (a mosque), he would recite dua (prayers), remove his amama (turban), and perform wudhu (ablution)[9].
Works
Mustafa Raza Khan worked on a numerous poems, books, and treaties. He passed several judgments on kafirs (disbelievers of Islam), and Sufism[10].
Poetry
Mustafa Raza Khan's poems were in the form of Hamd, na'ats, qasidas and manqabats.[11][12] His poems were translated to Arabic, Urdu, Persian, and Hindi languages. All of Mustafa Raza Khan's poems were compiled into a book titled Samane Bakhshish,[13][14] and was published on February 24, 1979, which is the 26th day of Rabi Al-Awwal according to the Islamic calendar.[15]
Books and Treaties
Raza Khan wrote a number of books in his lifetime:[16]
- Fatawa-e-Mustafwia (Judgments of Mustafa Raza)
- Al Malfoozat of Ala Hazrat (Sayings of Ahmed Raza Khan)
- Saman-e-Bakhshish (Compilation of Islamic Poetry in the Honor of Prophet Muhammad)[14]
- Taqiya Baazi (Hidden Faces of Wahhabism)
- Waqat-us-Sinan، Adkhal-us-Sinan، Qahr Wajid Diyan
- Turq-ul-Huda Wal Irshad Ilaa Ahkam Al Amara Wal Jehad
- Tasheeh Yaqeen Bar Khatm-e-Naiyeeen
- Tardush Shaitan An Sabee Lur Rehman (Fatwa Refuting Government of Saudi Arabia For Imposing Tax on Pilgrims in 1365 A.H)
- No Caste is Inferior
Legacy
Disciples
Disciples, or mureedeen, of Mustafa Raza Khan included doctors, philosophers, professors, poets, ulama, muftis, and mufassirs[9].
Successors
Khulafas of Mustafa Raza Khan are successors from his mureedeen. There are thousands of successors from his Sufi order throughout the world. The most prominent successors are[17]:
- Qamaruzzaman Azmi General Secretary of World Islamic Mission United Kingdom
- Arshadul Qaudri founder of World Islamic Mission
Death
Mustafa Raza Khan was aware of his upcoming death because he was ill and claimed he would be spiritually present for an upcoming funeral prayer[8][9]. A few days prior to his death he exclaimed that he would accept everyone who wanted to be his disciple: "All those who intended to become my mureed but for some reason or the other could not come to me, I have made all of them mureed and I have given their hands into the hand of Sayidduna Ghousul Azam."[9]
Mustafa Raza Khan passed away at the age of 90 on November 12, 1981 (the 14th of Muharram, 1402 AH according to the Islamic calendar).[8]
Funeral
The funeral ceremony, or Janazah salah, for Mustafa Raza Khan was held the Islamia Inter College grounds in Bareilly. Over 2.5 million Muslims attended the funeral, and the funeral prayers (namaz) were carried out on Maulana Abdul Hamid Palmer Razvi Nori's shawl[9].
Ghusl
A spiritual purification bath, or ghusl, was performed to cleanse Mustafa Raza Khan before the funeral ceremony. His cleansing started at 8:00 am on Friday, the 15th of Muharram[9]. First, a wudhu was performed by his nephew, Hazrat Maulana Rehan Raza Khan. Afterwards, the ghusl was performed by Hazrat Allamah Mufti Mohammed Akhtar Raza Khan Azhari while Sultan Ashraf Sahib poured the water using a jug. An attendee, Hazrat Allamah Mohammed Akhtar Raza Khan Azhari, noticed that the cloth covering Mustafa Raza Khan's body was accidentally moved during the purification washing, exposing Mustafa Raza Khan.
The following notable people were present during the ghusl[9]:
- Hazrat Maulana Rehan Raza Khan (alaihir rahma)
- Tajush Shariah Hazrat Allamah Mufti Mohammed Akhtar Raza Khan Qadri Azhar Qibla
- Sayyid Mustaq Ali
- Maulana Sayyid Muhammad Husain
- Sayyid Chaif Sahib
- Maulana Naeemullah Khan Sahib Qibla
- Maulana Abdul Hamid Palmer
- Muhammad Esa of Mauritius
- Ali Husain Sahib
- Hajji Abdul Ghaffar
- Qari Amanat Rasool Sahib
Burial
Mustafa Raza Khan was buried next to his father. His body lays to the left of his father[9].
Memorial
Mausoleum
Mustafa Raza Khan's body rests in a mazar, a mausoleum for saints. This Mazar is located in Mohalla Saudagram, Bareilly[9].
Mubarak Urs
Mustafa Raza Khan's Mubarak Urs (death anniversary), occurs annually on the eve of the 14th of Muharram. On this day religious followers visit Bareilly to pay their respects because they believe Mustafa Raza Khan was a faithful, pious servant of Allah.
References
- ^ a b "About Huzoor Mufti E Azam Hind RahmatUllahAlaih". Bazm E Shahzada E Aala Hazrat. Retrieved 2018-11-21.
- ^ Usha Sanyal. Generational Changes in the Leadership of the Ahl-e Sunnat Movement in North India during the Twentieth Century. Modern Asian Studies (1998), Cambridge University Press.
- ^ a b "Imam Ahmad Raza Khan". Journey of a Seeker Of Sacred Knowledge. 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2018-11-21.
- ^ a b Ridgeon, L. (2015). Sufis and Salafis in the Contemporary Age. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 187. ISBN 9781472532237. Retrieved 2015-07-28.
- ^ Hasan, M.; Jamia Millia Islamia (India). Dept. of History (1985). Communal and pan-Islamic trends in colonial India. Manohar. Retrieved 2015-07-28.
- ^ Arun Shourie, The World of Fatwas or the Sharia in Action, pg. 135. ASA Publications, 1995. ISBN 9788190019958
- ^ "Shajrah-E-Muqad'das of the Silsila Aaliyah Qaaderiyah Barakaatiyah Radawiyyah" (PDF). 11 April 2011. Retrieved 2015-07-28.
- ^ a b c d e f g Zia-e-Taiba, I.T Department of. "Muslim Scholar,Mufti Azam Hind Muhammad Mustafa Raza Khan Noori, Islamic Story in Urdu, Family Tree, Photoes, Date of Birth, Islamic Scholar - Ziaetaiba". www.ziaetaiba.com. Retrieved 2018-11-18.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Hazrat Muhammed Mustafa Raza Khan (رضي الله عنه)". Aulias World. Retrieved 2018-11-18.
- ^ "Fatawa Mustafawiyyah". chapter of Iman, Fatwa 27: 86, 87.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Sibtaini, Ghulam E. Sibtain Raza Mohammed Khwaja Shamsuddin. "Naats & Manqabat Lyrics Kalaam e Huzoor Mufti e Azam Mustafa Raza khan RadiaAllahu anhu ~ Naberaye Aala Hazrat, Huzoor Ameen e Shariat Hazrat Sibtain Raza Khan Quadri Maddazillahul Noorani". Naats & Manqabat Lyrics Kalaam e Huzoor Mufti e Azam Mustafa Raza khan RadiaAllahu anhu ~ Naberaye Aala Hazrat, Huzoor Ameen e Shariat Hazrat Sibtain Raza Khan Quadri Maddazillahul Noorani. Retrieved 2018-12-01.
- ^ "Naat Sharif By Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi - Best & Latest Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi Naats - Page 1". UrduPoint. Retrieved 2018-12-01.
- ^ Raza. "Saman-e-Bakhshish - اسلامی شاعری و نعتیہ دیوان - - Sunni Library - Alahazrat Network". www.alahazratnetwork.org. Retrieved 2018-12-01.
- ^ a b "Saman-e-Bakhshish – اسلامی شاعری و نعتیہ دیوان – - Sunni Library – Alahazrat Network". alahazratnetwork.org. Retrieved 2015-07-28.
- ^ "Samane bakhshish". Barkate Raza. Retrieved 2018-12-01.
- ^ "maulana mufti mustafa raza khan - Nafeislam.Com | Islam | Quran | Tafseer | Fatwa | Books | Audio | Video | Muslim | Sunni - Nafseislam.Com". books.nafseislam.com. Retrieved 2015-07-28.
- ^ Ridgeon, Lloyd (2015-04-23). Sufis and Salafis in the Contemporary Age. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781472532237.
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