Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force
| Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Base | |
|---|---|
 The seal of the I.R.I Air Defense Base | |
| Active | 1933–1954 (Part of Ground Force)[1] 1954–2008 (Part of Air Force)[1] 2008–Present (As Separate Force) |
| Country |  Iran |
| Branch |  Artesh |
| Type | Air defence |
| Size | 15,000 (estimate)[2] |
| Headquarters | Tehran |
| Motto(s) | Template:Lang-ar "And You Did Not Throw When You Threw, But God Did Throw" [Quran 8:17] |
| March | April 18th |
| Anniversaries | September 1st |
| Engagements | |
| Commanders | |
| Commander | Brigadier General Alireza Sabahifard |
| Insignia | |
| Flag |  |
The Islamic Republic of Iran Khatam al-Anbia Air Defense Base (Template:Lang-fa) is a branch split from IRIAF and part of Islamic Republic of Iran Army that controls Iran's military land-based air defense.
History
Before the Revolution, the United States undertook three programs (Spellout, Peace Ruby and Peace Net), to improve/upgrade the air-defence system of Iran. As well as air defence radars the network was linked using microwave LOS and troposcatter communications networks.[3][4]
As of 1996, Iranian Air Defence forces included about 18,000 military personnel. The tradition of aircraft-based air defense, derived from the US-trained Air Force from before the 1979 Iranian Revolution, was giving way to an expanding arsenal of ground-based air defense missile systems. Still, Iran was at the time unable to construct a nationwide, integrated air defense network, and continued to rely on point defense of key locations with surface-to-air missile batteries.
The bulk of Iran's Air Force Air Defence holdings by the mid-1990s revolved around 30 Improved HAWK fire units (12 battalions/150+ launchers), 45-60 SA-2 and HQ-2J/23 (CSA-1 Chinese equivalents of the SA-2) launchers. Also available were some 30 Rapier and 15 Tigercat SAM launchers. There are reports of the transfer of SA-6 launchers to Iran from Russia in 1995/1996. In 1997, the Iranian Air Defense forces declared the Almaz S-200 Angara (SA-5 'Gammon') low-to high-altitude surface-to-air missile (SAM) operational.
In December 2005, Iran entered into a contract to purchase 29 TOR-M1 (SA-15 Gauntlet) mobile surface-to-air missile defense systems from Russia worth more than US$700 million (EUR 600 million). Between 1998 and 2002, Iran imported approximately 6 JY-14 surveillance radars from the China National Electronics Import-Export Corporation. The radar can detect targets up to 300 km away and is now part of Iran's air defense system.[5]
On 1 September 2008, it was reported that Russia may proceed with plans to sell advanced S-300 air defence systems to Iran under a secret contract believed to have been signed in 2005. On 22 September 2010, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree banning the sale of the S-300 and other military equipment to Iran.[6] The sale was canceled because of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1929 sanctions on Iran. On 10 November 2010, Iran announced that it had developed a version of the S-300 missile. By the end of 2016 Russia had lifted the self-imposed ban on the sale and completed delivery all missiles to Iran.[7]
Iranian land forces have a total of some 1,700 anti-aircraft guns including 14.5mm ZPU-2/-4, 23mm ZSU-23-4, 23mm ZU-23s, 37mm Type 55s, 57mm ZSU-57-2 and 100mm KS-19s. Iran also had 100-180 Bofors L/70 40mm guns and modest numbers of Skygaurd 35mm twin anti-aircraft guns. Its largest holding consisted of ZU-23s(which it can manufacture).[8]
Recently Iran has built several new anti-aircraft guns including Samavat 35mm Anti-Aircraft Guns, Sa'ir 100mm Anti-Aircraft Guns (Upgraded automatic version of KS-19) and the Mesbah 1 air defense system.[9][10][11][12]
On 21 August 2012, the Iranian military started construction of its largest air defense base in the city of Abadeh in the Southern Fars Province. The air defense base is due to be built at the cost of $300 million and will have 6,000 personnel available for a large array of duties, including educational ones.[13] Days later, the defense ministry also announced plans to develop Bavar 373, a new long-range air-defense system, by March 21, 2013.[14]
Commander of Islamic Republic of Iran Army Air Defense Base
| No. | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Brigadier General Farzad Esmaili (born 15 January 1972) | 16 January 2008 | 29 May 2018 | 10 years | |
| 3 | Brigadier General Alireza Sabahifard (born 21 March 1963) | 29 May 2018 | Incumbent | 6 years, 198 days |
Equipment
Air-Defence Artillery Systems
| Model | Type | Quantity | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZU-23-2 | Anti-air artillery | ++++ | ||
| Samavat 35mm Anti Aircraft Guns | Anti-air artillery | +++ | ||
| Sa'ir 100mm Anti-Aircraft Guns | Anti-air artillery | +++ | ||
| Mesbah 1 | Close-in weapon system | +++ | ||
| ZSU-23-4 | Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon | + | ||
| ZSU-57-2 | Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon | +++ | Domestic "Bahman" based on 6x6 truck chassis.[15] |
Air-Defence Missile Systems
| Model | Type | Quantity | Acquired | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIM-23 Hawk | Medium Range Surface-to-Air Missile | 200 Launcher | 1970s-present | In 1999 Iran locally upgrade their all of old Hawk Missile in Improve Hawk Missile and increase its Range 24-30 km, flight altitude up to 14-16 km and Speed is same as Mach 2.4 |
| Sayyad-1 | Long Range Surface-to-Air Missile | 400+ Lauhcher | Islamic Republic of Iran first indigenous-produced Sayyad-1 Anti Aircraft Missile which was Upgraded copy of HQ-2, Sayyad-1 has IR tracking. This Project was First Joint Winner-Applied Research in 14th Khwarizmi International Award- 2001;Tehran-Iran -The Project Title:Manufacture of Sayyad-1 Missile -Initiator: Iran Aerospace Ind. Org. Contributor:HESA & Arak Machine Ind.[16] 2010 The Islamic Republic upgrade all of their Sayyad-1 anti aircraft missile into Sayyad-1A anti aircraft missile. and increase Sayyad-1 missile range 80-100 km from previous 60 km range.
Missile Specification: Range= 80-100 km Altitude= 27 km Speed= Mach 3.6 Warhead= 195 kg | |
| S-200 Fajr-8 and S-200 Ghareh | Long Range Strategic Surface-to-Air Missile | 400+ Launcher | 2007 Iran upgraded all of their old S-200 missile name S-200 Fajr-8 increase its range 200-250 km and and Iranian home made version of S-200 missile name is S-200 Ghareh and increase its range 250-350 km. Now S-200 Ghareh Missile used with Talash-3 System and Bavar-373 System. S-200 Ghareh Missile Speed is Mach 6 and maximum flight altitude 40 km, equipped with 200 kg High Explosive Warhead. | |
| SA-6 Gainful Missile | Medium Range Surface-to-Air Missile System | 50 Launcher | 1995–present | Reports of eight SA-6 systems transferred to Iran from Russia in 1995/1996. Kub-M1 Missile System upgrade with Iranian Raad-1 Anti Aircraft Missile System Project work.
Missile Specification: Range= 30 km Speed= Mach 2.8 Warhead= 59 kg |
| Rapier Missile | Short Range Surface-to-Air Missile | 30
Lauhcher |
1971–present | 45 towed systems with Blindfire radar delivered before 1979. 72 self-propelled systems and local production of 1,000 missiles cancelled 1979,after 2008 Iran locally upgraded all of Rapier Missile System.
Missile Specification: Length= 2.23 meter Range= 10 km Altitude= up to 5 meter Speed= Mach 2.5 Warhead= 14 kg |
| Tor Missile System | Point Defense Multirole Surface-to-Air Missile | 29 | 2005–present | Missile Specification:
Length= 2.9 meter Range= 16 km Altitude= 6 km Speed= Mach 2.8 Warhead= 16 kg |
| S-300P System | Long Range Strategic Surface-to-Air Missile System | 2 Battery | 2011-present | Iran collected S-300 missile system from unknown source after the Russian ban on exporting S-300 to Iran.
S-300P Systems Missile Specification: Missile Type= 48N6 Missile Range= 150 km Altitude= up to 27 km Speed= Mach 6-7.5 Warhead= 150 kg |
| Bavar-373 Stytem | World most another Advanced Long Range Surface-to-Air Missile System | 12+ Battery | 2015-present | An Iranian long range air defence system whose development began after the Russian refusal to supply the S-300 (since 2010 to 2015). According to Iranian defence minister Hassan Dehghan in an interview, Bavar-373 is a completely [17] |
| S-300PMU2 System | World most favorite Long Range Strategic Surface-to-Air Missile System | 2 Battery | 2016-present | Iran possess latest S-300 version S-300PMU2 obtained from Russia 4 were received. Russia has completed the delivery of S-300 air defense missile systems to Iran, IRIA news agency quoted Russia's state arms export agency as saying on Thursday Oct 15 2016. Iran announced that it had a "domestically made" system with the same capabilities as the S-300.[18] In 2016 Russia completed delivery all missiles to Iran.[7]
S-300PMU2 Systems Missile Specification: Missile Type= 48N6E2 Missile Range= 200 km Altitude= up to 27 km Speed= Mach 6-7.5 and Ballistic Missile Target Counter Speed Mach 9+ Warhead= 180 kg |
| Mersad | Medium Range Air Defense System | 300+ Launcher | 2010-present | In 2010 Iran announced that it will be mass-producing its next generation of air defense system called Mersad which based on advanced medium altitude Salamche Missile http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=123003§ionid=351020101 and next year Shahin Missile.
Missile Specification: Range= Salamche 40 km & Shahain 45 km Altitude= up to 20 km Speed= Mach 3 |
| Raad-1,2 & Khordad-3 | Medium Range Advanced Air Defense System | 400+ Launcher | 2012-present |
Taer-1 Missile Specification: Range= 50 km Altitude= 25-27 km Speed= Mach 3.6 Warhead= 40-50 kg
Taer-2 Missile Specification: Range= 60 km Altitude= 30 km Speed= Mach 4 Warhead= 40-50 kg
Sayyad-2C Missile Specification: Range= 75 km Altitude= 30 km Speed= Mach 4.5+ Warhead= 200 kg |
| Ya Zahra-3 | Low Altitude Air Defense System | 200+ | 2013 | Mass production began in January 2013.[19]Ya Zahra-3 is improved and 3RD Generation and most powerful Version of previous Ya Zahara Missile Defense System.Ya Zahra-3 has opt-electronics equipment that help to detect and track targets when battlefield is affected by heavy jamming.
Missile Specification: Range= 16 km Altitude= 6500 meter Speed= Mach 2.8 Warhead= 14 kg
|
| Herz-9 | CIWS Air Defense System | 200+ Launcher | 2013-present | Mass production began in May 2013.[20] Herz-9 is 3.5+ generation version of Ya Zahra Missile System. Herz-9 Missile System made for very low altitude operations and its missile is very effective then of its previous system.Hezr-9 also a CIWS Missile System.
Missile Specification: Length= 2.2 meter Range= 11 km Altitude= 5-5000 meter Speed= Mach 3 Warhead= 14 kg |
| Sayyad-2 & 3 Missile | Long Range Advanced Surfate-to-Air Missile | 150+ Launcher | 2013-present | Mass production began in November 2013.[21] Sayyad-2 Advanced Missile created by Islamic Republic of Iran is the unique new addition of the World's Anti Aircraft Missile World. Sayyad-2 Missile used on missile control RADAR system named Talash-2. Talash-2 system range is 150 km and altitude 30 km
Missile Specification: Range= 100-120 km Altitude= 27 km Speed= Mach 3.6-4 Wahead= 200 kg
Sayyad-3 is a similar missile but stronger then Sayyad-2 Missile. It has similar diameter as Sayyad-2 but longer body with different wings and control surfaces. Sayyad-3 Missile real range is 150 km but this range has been restricted on 120 km because used with Sayyad-2 missile in same Launcher Box and Talash-2 System.Now Sayyad-3 missile are used with Talash-3 system too. Sayyad-3 Missile mass production began July 2017 [https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2017/07/22/529309/Iran-Defense-Minister-Hossein-Dehqan-Sayyad-3] Missile Specification: Range= 120-150 km Altitude= 27-30 km Speed= Mach 4.5-5.1 Warhead=? |
Man-Portable Air-Defense Mystems
| Model | Type | Quantity |
|---|---|---|
| Misagh-1 | Man-Portable Air-Defense System | + |
| Misagh-2 | Man-Portable Air-Defense System | + |
| Misagh-3 | Man-Portable Air-Defense System | + |
| Qaem | Anti Helicopter Missile System | + |
Radar systems
- Gamma radar (Russian origin)[22]
- Kasta radar (Russian origin)[23]
- 1L13 "Nebo" VHF radar (Russian origin)[24]
- Vostok radar (Belorussian origin)[25]
- Kolchuga (Ukrainian origin)[26]
- JY-14 Radar (Chinese origin)[27]
- Matla-ul-fajr radar (Iranian origin)
- Kashef 1&2 radars (Iranian origin)
- Alim radar (Iranian origin)
- Thamen radar (Iranian origin)[28]
- Ghadir - The Ghadir radar system which covers areas (maximum) 1,100 km in distance and 300 km in altitude (Iranian origin)[29][30][31]
- Najm-802 - Phased array radar system (Iranian origin)[29]
- Sepehr - Over-the-horizon radar with a range of 3,000 kilometers (Iranian origin)[32][33]
- Arash - long range radar (Iranian origin)[34]
- Meraj-4 radar- Phased array radar that has range of 450km-500km,fitted in Bavar 373 missile system (Iranian origin)
References
- ^ a b تاریخچه پدافند هوایی در ایران (in Persian), Islamic Republic of Iran Army, archived from the original on 2015-12-08, retrieved 15 December 2015
{{citation}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Hossein Aryan (November 15, 2011), The Artesh: Iran’s Marginalized and Under-Armed Conventional Military, Middle East Institute, archived from the original on 2016-01-11, retrieved December 15, 2015
{{citation}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Air Defense Command And Radars". Iiaf.net. Archived from the original on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Web Archive". Exreps.com. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved 2014-04-14.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Iran MODAFL: Air Defenses". Globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 2012-11-11. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Russia pulls plug on Iran arms deal". UPI. 22 September 2010. Archived from the original on 2012-10-21. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Russia completes delivery of S-300 air defense missiles to Iran: RIA". 13 October 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-07-04. Retrieved 2017-07-02 – via Reuters.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Cordesman, Anthony H.; Kleiber, Martin (2007). Iran's Military Forces and Warfighting Capabilities. pp. 62–64. ISBN 9780892065011.
- ^ "Iran Produces Anti-Aircraft Cannon: Samavat". YouTube. 2008-01-15. Archived from the original on 2014-06-26. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "IRGC receives anti-aircraft cannons". PressTV. 2011-11-29. Archived from the original on 2012-01-26. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-05-23. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-05-27. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Iran Starts Building Powerful Air Defense Base in South". Fars News Agency. 2012-08-21. Archived from the original on 2012-10-28. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Iran to Boost Air-Defense Power with New Long-Range System Soon". Fars News Agency. 25 August 2012. Archived from the original on 29 August 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ New Bahman 57mm 6x6 self-propelled anti-aicraft [sic] twin gun unveiled by Iranian armed Forces Archived 2016-04-16 at the Wayback Machine - Armyrecognition.com, 14 April 2016
- ^ [1] Archived March 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ali Javid (9 February 2016). "Iran IRIB2 DM Gen Dehghan defence projects: Karrar MBT, Su-30, Bavar 373, Simorgh, Qaher سردار دهقان". Archived from the original on 2017-03-08. Retrieved 2016-02-21 – via YouTube.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Kremlin confirms Russia started supplying S-300 missile systems to Iran". Retrieved 2010-02-07.
- ^ Iran starts mass production of Ya Zahra Archived 2013-01-31 at the Wayback Machine - Armyrecognition.com, January 27, 2013
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-06-09. Retrieved 2013-05-24.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Iran rolls out another medium-range SAM - Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Archived from the original on 2017-01-01. Retrieved 2016-12-29.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "عصر و گاما؛ رادارهایی مدرن که در سکوت رادیویی آمدند + عکس". 12 February 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-02-14. Retrieved 2014-02-13.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "تسلط بر «X» و «Y» برای کشف پهپاد و کروز + عکس". 26 June 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2014-02-12.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Carlo Kopp. "Reassessing Iran's Air Defences". Archived from the original on 2014-11-06. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "اولین تصاویر از جدیدترین رادارهای ایران برای مقابله با جنگندههای رادارگریز". 24 February 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-02-28. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ John C Wise. "PLA Air Defence Radars". Archived from the original on 2014-10-28. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "امیر اسماعیلی در گفتگو با فارس: جدیدترین رادار بومی با نام "ثامن" عملیاتی میشود". Archived from the original on 2014-11-11. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "رادار نجم؛ چشم جدید آسمان ایران". 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2014-02-25. Retrieved 2014-02-12.
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{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Iran Can Now Detect U.S. Stealth Jets at Long Range". Medium. Archived from the original on 2014-11-11. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
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{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "با حضور امیر اسماعیلی رادار برد بلند "آرش" وارد چرخه عملیاتی پدافند هوایی شد+تصاویر". Archived from the original on 2014-11-11. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
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