User:Kpotharaju/sandbox
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Wikipedia Article Selection
These are some ideas for my Wikipedia articles.
Area
This article would be a good way to develop a background in maternal and child health in India.
This would give a similar background as the article above, but with more focus to family planning and reproductive health that I am probably going to be working with.
Part of the mission of my (likely) PE org is to protect women and children from cycles of abuse.
Sector
I plan on adding to the "barriers to access" subsection of this article.
My PE will potentially involve learning about how access to primary or diagnostic health care can improve long term health outcomes, so this could be a good background for the topic.
This is would be a good way to examine the various methods of providing access to healthcare for people living in urban settlements (such as Mumbai's slums).
Mumbai has one of the most robust public health infrastructures in India, so this would allow me to learn about the public services offered to Indian citizens and how that can be improved.
Wikipedia Article Evaluation
I am evaluating the article titled "Primary Health Centre (India)".
Content
The article discusses some of the basic details surrounding Primary Health Centres in India, which are primarily directed towards providing resources to rural communities (so this article may not be entirely relevant to my PE, since I will be working in urban areas in Mumbai). The article indicates that PHCs are one sub-unit of the larger public health system in India. Several of the special operations of the PHCs are highlighted as well, but only one sentence descriptions of each are given. Also, the links provided are somewhat random and haphazard; for example, the article for antivenoms is hyperlinked, but not something like Water supply and sanitation in India. The public health goals of the Alma-Ata declaration are listed to identify the underlying purpose of an initiative like the PHC, but it seems like that section is more of a summary of the declaration than a true explanation of what the functions of the PHC are. Additionally, there is insufficient information provided regarding the locations of the PHCs; while it is mentioned that they are located in rural areas and that there are 28,863 PHCs, there is no explanation of exactly what rural areas have PHCs, how the distribution of these centers is determined, who staffs them, or how many are located in each state. Also, the number of PHCs is sourced from a 2012 government document and could be outdated by now. This article's content could also be improved by adding images of typical PHCs to demonstrate the state of these facilities. Another idea for improving the content of this article could be by discussing the "brain drain" that is causing a lack of qualified primary care staff to serve in these PHCs. Overall, while this article does a good job of providing a basic idea of what a PHC is, there is insufficient information regarding the role that the PHCs play in the Indian public health system or how they function.
Tone
The tone of this article is straightforward and simple. There does not seem to be any particular bias in the viewpoints represented.
Sources
This article only uses 5 sources, 3 of which are articles from The Hindu that are very short and provide minimal information. Additionally, The Hindu may not be the most reliable source of information for this article because the two articles cited here involve testimonies and interviews rather than just facts, and the publication is known for having a slight liberal bias. A 2012 government publication is cited as well, which is a good source of objective information but may be outdated because it is from 2012. A book on preventive medicine from 2009 is also cited, which seems to have informed some of the explanations for the special focuses of PHCs, but this source seems more generalized to public health initiatives as a whole rather than Indian PHCs in particular. The citations seem to all work, though. However, the Alma-Ata declaration, which is described in the 2nd section of the article, is not cited as a reference, although the Wikipedia article about it is hyperlinked.
Talk Page
This article is part of two WikiProjects: WikiProject India and WikiProject Hospitals. It is rated as Start-Class for both projects, but of low-importance for WikiProject India. There are no other conversations surrounding this topic on the talk page, likely because it is not an article of high importance for the two WikiProjects. Additionally, this article has not been evaluated by WikiProject India since March 2012, which explains why some of the sources are so outdated.
Scholarly Sources
Area
Agarwal P, Singh M M, Garg S. Maternal health-care utilization among women in an urban slum in Delhi. Indian J Community Med 2007; 32:203-5.
This article examines interviews with around a hundred women from Mumbai's Balmiki Basti slum. Findings included that illiterate women were significantly less likely to receive antenatal or postnatal care. The information presented could be a good starting point for identifying the major obstacles to healthcare access in slum areas.
Badge, Vijay Loknath et al. “A cross-sectional study of migrant women with reference to their antenatal care services utilization and delivery practices in an urban slum of Mumbai” Journal of family medicine and primary care vol. 5,4 (2016): 759-764.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5353809/
This article also discusses other reasons for a lack of utilization for antenatal care services. The population studied was a cross-sectional population of migrant women in Mumbai's slums, since many slum residents are from neighboring states and are therefore unfamiliar with the resources available. This could again be useful to familiarize myself with access to antenatal care.
More, Neena Shah et al. "Cluster-randomised controlled trial of community mobilisation in Mumbai slums to improve care during pregnancy, delivery, postpartum and for the newborn." Trials (2008) 9:7.
This article relates to my PE org's work because it looks at how groups of women can improve community health, which is similar to what SNEHA's work with the Mahila Arogya Samiti is (empowering groups of women to advocate for their own health). This article was actually based on SNEHA's work and provides evidence for the benefits of these groups.
Davis, Lwendo Moonzwe et al. "Women's empowerment and its differential impact on health in low-income communities in Mumbai, India." Global Public Health (2014) 9: 481-494.
This article provides support for the importance of female empowerment and mobilization in terms of improving health outcomes, particularly among pregnant women in Mumbai. This could be useful in providing evidence for SNEHA's work with women's empowerment.
Sector
Chandrana S, Zinner D. "Maternal Compliance of Educational Intervention in Urban Slums in India." Journal of Student Research Vol. 6 (2017): 21-30.
http://jofsr.com/index.php/path/article/view/376/166
This article is based on SNEHA's work and details various educational intervention methods for improving maternal health literacy, especially in slum populations. The findings encourage community organizers to work more closely with expectant mothers to facilitate healthcare access.
Madula et al. "Healthcare provider-patient communication: a qualitative study of women’s perceptions during childbirth." Reproductive Health (2018) 15:135
https://reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12978-018-0580-x
This article details the impact of healthcare-provider-patient communication on improved maternal healthcare access. Although the study deals with a population in Malawi, the perceptions and barriers to open communication is applicable to low-literacy populations in Mumbai also.
Adhikari S, Brendenkamp C. "Monitoring for Nutrition Results in ICDS: Translating Vision into Action." IDS Bulletin (2009) 40:7-77.
This article details the implementation of the ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services) and the role that the environment plays with regard to supporting nutrition monitoring in India. Since one of SNEHA's goals is to improve the capacity of anganwadi sevikas to support ICDS services, this could be a valuable insight into the way that this system operates.
Das, Sushmita et al. "Intimate partner violence against women during and after pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in Mumbai slums." BMC Public Health (2013) 13:817
This article relates to SNEHA's work in preventing violence against women in order to improve their health outcomes and provides insight into various methods of violence prevention in these populations. This could be useful in determining how impactful SNEHA's prevention methods are compared to other means.