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Toyota Hilux

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Toyota Hilux
Toyota Hilux Invincible
Overview
Manufacturer
Also calledToyota Pickup (United States)
ProductionMarch 1968–present
Body and chassis
Class
  • Compact pickup truck (1968–2004)
  • Mid-size pickup truck (2004–present)
Chronology
Predecessor
SuccessorToyota Tacoma (North America only)

The Toyota Hilux (also stylized as HiLux and historically as Hi-Lux) is a series of light commercial vehicles produced and marketed by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota. The majority of these vehicles were sold as pickup truck or cab chassis variants although they could be configured in a variety of body styles. Most countries used the Hilux name for the entire life of the series but in North America, the Hilux name was retired in 1976 in favor of Truck, Pickup Truck, or Compact Truck. In North America the popular option package, the SR5 (Sport Rally 5-Speed), was colloquially used as a model name for the truck, even though the option package was also used on other Toyota models like the 1972 to 1979 Corolla. In 1984, the Toyota Trekker, the camper version of the Hilux, was renamed as the 4Runner in Australia and North America, and as the Hilux Surf in Japan. In 1995, Toyota introduced a new pickup model, the Tacoma in North America, thus discontinuing the Hilux/Pickup. The 4Runner is now a full SUV, and the more recent models of the Hilux are separate in appearance to the Tacoma.

First generation (N10; 1968–1972)

First generation (N10)
Overview
ProductionMarch 1968 – April 1972
AssemblyJapan: Hamura, Tokyo (Hino)
DesignerTakayuki Otsuka[2]
Body and chassis
Body style2-door truck
LayoutFront-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission4-speed manual
Dimensions
Length4,300–4,690 mm (169.3–184.6 in)[3]
Width1,610 mm (63.4 in)[3]
Height1,560–1,565 mm (61.4–61.6 in)[3]
Curb weight1,050–1,085 mm (41.3–42.7 in)[3]

The Hilux started production in March 1968[4] as the RN10 in short-wheelbase form with a 1.5 L inline-4 engine, generating a maximum power output of 77 PS (57 kW; 76 hp) in Japanese market specification. In Japan it was available at the Toyota Japan dealership retail chains called Toyota Store and Toyopet Store. The modification to the engine was enough for a claimed top speed of 130 km/h (81 mph).[5] The 1.5-litre engine was upgraded to a 1.6 L inline-four engine in February 1971.

In April 1969, a long-wheelbase version was added to the range. The short-wheelbase version also continued in production for many more years.[citation needed] The long-wheelbase version was not sold in the North American market until 1972, allowing the Datsun Truck to maintain a strong market presence. The Hilux was offered as a replacement to the Toyota Crown, Toyota Corona, and Toyota Corona Mark II based pickup trucks in Japan, as the Crown, Corona, and Corona Mark II were repositioned as passenger sedans.

In spite of the name "Hilux", it was a luxury vehicle only when compared to the Stout. The Hilux was engineered and assembled by Hino Motors to replace the earlier vehicle that the Hilux was derived from, called the Briska[6] in the niche beneath the larger and older Stout – it replaced the Stout fully in some markets. For the North American market, the only body style was a regular cab short bed and all were rear-wheel drive. It used a typical truck setup of A-arms and coil springs in front and a live axle with leaf springs in back. A four-speed manual transmission was standard.

Engines

Global markets:

  • 1968–1971: 1.5 L (1,490 cc) 2R I4[4]
  • 1971–1972: 1.6 L (1,587 cc) 12R I4[4]

North American markets:

  • 1969: 1.9 L (1,897 cc) 3R I4, 63 kW (86 PS; 84 hp)
  • 1970–1972: 1.9 L (1,858 cc) 8R SOHC I4, 72 kW (98 PS; 97 hp)
  • 1972: 2.0 L (1,968 cc) 18R SOHC I4, 81 kW (110 PS; 109 hp)

Second generation (N20; 1972–1978)

Second generation (N20)
Overview
ProductionMay 1972 – July 1978
AssemblyJapan: Hamura, Tokyo (Hino)
DesignerMasao Morimoto[2]
Body and chassis
Body style2-door truck
LayoutFront-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine
  • 1.6 L 12R I4 (RN20/25)
  • 2.0 L 18R I4 (RN22)
  • 2.2 L 20R I4
Transmission
  • 3-speed automatic (RN22-JD)
  • 4-speed manual
  • 5-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • 2,580 mm (102 in) (N20/RN20/RN22)
  • 2,795 mm (110.0 in) (N25)
Length
  • 4,275 mm (168.3 in) (N20/RN20-JD/RN22-JD/RN22-KD)
  • 4,280 mm (169 in) (RN22-HD)
  • 4,680 mm (184 in) (N25/RN25)
Width1,580 mm (62 in)

In May 1972,[4] the 1973 model year Hilux was introduced designated as the RN20. Nicknamed the "ロケハイ　(RokeHi) a Portmanteau of Rocket Hilux", a more comfortable interior was specified along with exterior updates. A 2.25 m (7.4 ft) "long bed" was an option for the first time in North American markets, although such a version had been available worldwide since April 1969.[4] This received the "RN25" chassis code.[7] The 2.0 liter 18R engine was available in Japan as well, with a three-speed automatic transmission available as an option. The 2.0-litre automatic only managed a 136.1 km/h (84.6 mph) top speed in a road test conducted in Period, South Africa, in spite of a claimed 89 kW (121 PS; 119 hp).[8]

The Hilux was radically redesigned in 1975 to be larger and with increased standard equipment. In North America, the new version also meant the introduction of the considerably larger (2.2 L) 20R engine and the SR5 upscale trim package. A five-speed manual transmission became optional. In North America, the Hilux name was fully phased out in favour of "Truck" by that year, having been dropped from brochures and advertising campaigns, starting in 1973.

RV industry

In 1971, September 1973, Chinook Mobilodge Inc. of Union Gap and Yakima, Washington began development of a small fiberglass shell that could be built on a Datsun 620 or Toyota Hilux truck 'chassis cab.' After a two-year joint development program, Chinook Mobilodge and Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. jointly announced the signing of a five-year, multi-million-dollar agreement for the manufacture and marketing of recreational vehicles in the U.S.

Under the contract, signed by Takasuki Osuka, assistant to the president of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. and Richard Dowling, Chinook chairman of the board, Chinook International (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Chinook Mobilelodge) – would produce a compact motorhome utilizing a specially designed Toyota Hi-Lux cab and chassis (RN28). The new unit, initially called the Toyota-Chinook Mini-Motorhome, would be sold exclusively by Toyota dealers.

The agreement was the largest to date that Toyota had ever signed with a U.S. manufacturer. It called for a minimum of 4,000 units the first year with officials at both companies predicting that as many as 10,000 would be produced.

“This agreement represents another step in Toyota’s program to create U.S. jobs and ease the balance of payments problem by purchasing American-made goods for Toyota distribution,” said Iwao Kodaira, president of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A.

Production began in September 1973 at the Chinook Western plant at 2700 1st Street, La Verne, CA. Manufacturing plans called for a gradual build-up to more than 300 units per month by December. The units would be initially marketed in the Western part of the country with a suggested retail price under $5,000. The first vehicles were actually shipped to dealers in Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska and North and South Dakota. Additional distribution would then be expanded to the Southwest and Far West, although contract provisions called for construction of a second assembly plant at an undetermined location to serve the remainder of the country.

Other North American motor-coach manufacturers began developing RV's based on the Nissan 620 and Toyota Hilux, including Gardener-Pacific Corp. of Vallejo, CA, which built the SunRader fiberglass RV from 1979 to 1991. |

HiLux utility (New Zealand)
A custom built mobile home based on the Toyota Hilux/pickup (US)

Engines

Global markets:

  • 1972–1978: 1.6 L (1587 cc) 12R I4, 83 PS (61 kW)[7]
  • 1973–1978: 2.0 L (1968 cc) 18R I4, 105 PS (77 kW)[4][9]

North American markets:

  • 1973–1974: 2.0 L (1968 cc) 18R SOHC I4, 81 kW (110 PS; 109 hp)
  • 1975–1978: 2.2 L (2189 cc) 20R SOHC I4, 72 kW (98 PS; 97 hp)

Third generation (N30, N40; 1978–1983)

Third generation (N30, N40)
Overview
ProductionAugust 1978 – August 1983
AssemblyJapan: Toyota, Aichi (Tahara plant);[10] Hamura, Tokyo (Hino)
DesignerMinoru Oya[2]
Body and chassis
Body style
Layout
RelatedToyota Trekker
Powertrain
Engine
  • Petrol:
  • 1.6 L 12R I4
  • 1.8 L I4
  • 2.0 L 18R I4
  • 2.2 L 20R I4
  • 2.4 L 22R I4
  • Diesel:
  • 2.2 L L I4
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • 2,585 mm (101.8 in) (N30)[11]
  • 2,800 mm (110.2 in) (N40)[11]

The redesigned Hilux was introduced in August 1978,[4] with a 4WD variant introduced in January 1979.[4] The 4WD variant – not offered with any engines smaller than the two-litre "18R" – featured some common technology with the larger Toyota Land Cruiser.[6] Production of the four-wheel drive models stopped in July 1983, but some 2WD variations continued production in parallel with the next generation models.[4] The L series diesel engine was offered on the 2WD variants from September 1979 and the 4WD variants in March 1983.[4] In Japan, the Hilux was joined with the all new Toyota MasterAce, sharing load carrying duties which was sold at Toyota Store locations alongside the Hilux.

Toyota Hilux SR5 2-door (Australian model)

In North American markets the Hilux (known as the pickup) saw the use of four-wheel drive. It had a solid front axle and leaf suspension. The body saw a redesign that included single round headlights and a less complex body. This new 4WD setup featured a gear driven RF1A transfer case. This transfer case is unique in that its low-range reduction portion can be replicated, using what some refer to as a dual or triple transfer case. This results in a much lower overall gear ratio.[12] It was the first Hilux available with an automatic transmission in that market.

In 1981, a vehicle development agreement was established between Toyota, Winnebago Industries and two other aftermarket customisers. This was to allow Toyota to enter the SUV market in North America. The vehicles which resulted from this collaboration were the Trekker (Winnebago), Wolverine, and the Trailblazer (Griffith). All three used the Hilux 4×4 RV cab and chassis, and an all-fiberglass rear section (the Trailblazer had a steel bed with a fiberglass top). There were at least 1,500 Trekkers, 400 Trailblazers and an unknown number of Wolverines sold in North America. Research and development work on the Trekker led to the development of the 4Runner/Hilux Surf, which was introduced in 1984.

Toward the end of the SR5's production run (1983½ model year), Toyota introduced the luxury Mojave for the US market as a limited-production (3,500 units) model with options not available on any other Toyota pickup.[13] With a list price of US$8,308,[13] it had bucket seats, two-speaker multiplex radio, chrome front and rear bumpers, and delted Toyota logos on either the grille or the tailgate.[13] Cruise control, power steering, and air conditioning were optional.[13] It was powered by the SR5's standard 2.4 L (150 cu in) inline four.[13]

In Thailand, this model was sold as the Toyota Hilux Super Star.

Engines

  • 1978–1983: 1.6 L (1587 cc) 12R SOHC I4, 80 PS (59 kW) at 5200 rpm and 12.5 kg⋅m (123 N⋅m) of torque at 3000 rpm (RN30/40)[11]
  • 1981–1983: 1.8 L preflow, 4-speed manual (Australia)[citation needed]
  • 1978–1983: 2.0 L (1968 cc) 18R SOHC I4, 89 PS (65 kW) at 5000 rpm and 14.8 kg⋅m (145 N⋅m) of torque at 3600 rpm (1983 European specifications)[14]
  • 1978–1980: 2.2 L (2189 cc) 20R SOHC I4, 67 kW (91 PS; 90 hp) at 4800 rpm and 165 N⋅m (122 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2400 rpm
  • 1981–1983: 2.4 L (2366 cc) 22R SOHC I4, 98 PS; 97 hp (72 kW) at 4800 rpm and 175 N⋅m (129 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2800 rpm
  • 1981–1983: 2.2 L diesel I4, 46 kW (63 PS; 62 hp) at 4200 rpm and 126 N⋅m (93 lb⋅ft) of torque (SR5 long bed only in the US), LN30/40

Fourth generation (N50, N60, N70; 1983–1988)

Fourth generation (N50, N60, N70)
Overview
Also calledToyota 1 Ton
ProductionAugust 1983 – August 1988
Model years1984–1988
Assembly
DesignerHiroshi Osawa[2]
Body and chassis
Body style
Layout
Related
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
  • 4-speed manual
  • 5-speed manual
  • 3-speed automatic
  • 4-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • Regular Cab (Short Bed): 2,616 mm (103.0 in)
  • Regular Cab (Long Bed): 2,845 mm (112.0 in)
  • Xtracab (Long Bed): 3,086 mm (121.5 in)
Length
  • Regular Cab (Short Bed): 4,435 mm (174.6 in)
  • Regular Cab (Long Bed): 4,729 mm (186.2 in)
  • Xtracab (Long Bed): 4,966 mm (195.5 in)
  • Xtracab (SR5): 4,676 mm (184.1 in)
  • Regular Cab (4WD): 4,729 mm (186.2 in)
Width
  • Regular Cab: 1,621 mm (63.8 in)
  • Xtracab (Long Bed): 1,679 mm (66.1 in)
  • Xtracab: 1,689 mm (66.5 in)
Height
  • Regular Cab Short Bed (2WD): 1,544 mm (60.8 in)
  • Regular Cab (Long Bed): 1,534 mm (60.4 in)
  • Xtracab (Long Bed): 1,532 mm (60.3 in)
  • 1 ton Regular Cab (Long Bed 2WD): 1,562 mm (61.5 in)
  • Regular Cab (4WD): 1,709 mm (67.3 in)
  • SR5 Turbo Xtracab: 1,529 mm (60.2 in)
  • Xtracab (4WD): 1,704 mm (67.1 in)
Curb weight1,270 kg (2,800 lb)
Toyota Hilux 4WD (rear view)

The August 1983 redesign (sold as model year 1984 vehicles in North America) introduced the Xtracab extended cab option, with six inches of space behind the seat for in-cab storage. These "1984" models carried over the carbureted 22R engine while model year 1984 also saw the introduction of the fuel injected 22R-E engine. Two diesel engines were also offered, the 2L and the turbocharged 2L-T. The engines were discontinued in the U.S. after the 1986 model year, this was due to higher performance expectations from customers and the wide availability of inexpensive gasoline. The next year saw the introduction of a turbocharged option, the 22R-TE, perhaps due to increasing competition from Nissan who already offered a V6 truck at this time. The solid front axle was swapped out for an independent front suspension/torsion bar setup in the 4×4 model in 1986, and optional automatic differential disconnect for the front differential (an alternative to automatic locking hubs) and an electronic transfer case was added as well. 1985 was the only year that it could be bought with a solid front axle and the 22RE fuel injected motor. Solid front axles had been present in all 4x4 Toyota models until 1986.

In late 1986 for the 1987 model year, the truck went through a minor interior and exterior redesign, that included a new grille, a new 1 piece front bumper, an updated interior with full high door panels with faux leather stitching on the base and DLX models, the gauge cluster surround was more rounded and featured faux leather stitching on it, the dash pad featured a shorter tray than earlier models, the steering wheels were changed from black to gray, red, brown, or blue depending on the interior color, the radio bezel was also color matched to the rest of the interior, the SR-5 tach gauge clusters had the pattern on the face changed from a grid pattern to horizontal lines, the outside door mirrors were also changed to have a more stream lined appearance, the faceplate for the heater controls was also redesigned. A V6 engine was introduced in 1988. The Hilux-based 4Runner which made its entry in Australia, North America and the United Kingdom was based on this generation of the Hilux; in some other markets, such as Japan, it was called the Hilux Surf.

Toyota introduced a new generation of the Hilux in most markets in late 1988 but the fourth generation remained in production until 1997 in South Africa. The company quoted that this was due to South African "content laws" which made it cheaper to continue the production of the fourth generation of the Hilux, rather than to retool the plant for the fifth generation model.[15]

In Thailand, this generation was sold as the Toyota Hilux Hero.

Engines

Calendar years capacity code features power torque comments
1983–1987 2,366 cc 22R SOHC I4 72 kW (98 PS; 97 hp) at 4,800 rpm 174 N⋅m (128 lb⋅ft) at 2,800 rpm
1983–1985 2,188 cc L I4 Diesel 46 kW (63 PS; 62 hp) at 4,200 rpm 126 N⋅m (93 lb⋅ft) at 2,200 rpm (SR5 long bed only)
1983–1988 2,446 cc 2L I4 Diesel 62 kW (84 PS; 83 hp) at 4,200 rpm 165 N⋅m (122 lb⋅ft) at 2,200 rpm
1986–1988 2,446 cc 2L-T turbocharged fuel injected I4 Diesel 69 kW (94 PS; 93 hp) at 4,000 rpm 216 N⋅m (159 lb⋅ft) at 2,400 rpm
1983–1988 2,366 cc 22R-E SOHC fuel injected I4 78 kW (106 PS; 105 hp) at 4,800 rpm 185 N⋅m (136 lb⋅ft) at 2,800 rpm
1985–1986 2,366 cc 22R-TE SOHC turbocharged fuel injected I4 101 kW (137 PS; 135 hp) at 4,800 rpm 234 N⋅m (173 lb⋅ft) at 2,800 rpm
1987– 2,958 cc 3VZ-E fuel injected V6 112 kW (152 PS; 150 hp) at 4,800 rpm 244 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) at 2,400 rpm
1983– 1,626 cc 1Y I4
1983– 1,998 cc 3Y I4

Fifth generation (N80, N90, N100, N110; 1988–1997)

Fifth generation (N80, N90, N100, N110)
1994–1997 Toyota HiLux 4X4 Diesel
Overview
Also called
ProductionAugust 1988–1997
Assembly
DesignerShigeo Asai[16]
Body and chassis
Body style
Layout
Related
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
  • 4-speed manual
  • 5-speed manual
  • 4-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • Regular cab: 2,616 mm (103.0 in)
  • Regular cab (long bed): 2,850 mm (112.2 in)
  • Xtracab: 3,086 mm (121.5 in)
  • Xtracab V6: 3,096 mm (121.9 in)
Length
  • Regular cab: 4,435 mm (174.6 in)
  • Regular cab (long bed): 4,724 mm (186.0 in)
  • Xtracab: 4,905 mm (193.1 in)
  • DLX regular cab (long bed 4WD): 4,719 mm (185.8 in)
  • DLX regular cab (4WD): 4,430 mm (174.4 in)
Width1,689 mm (66.5 in)
Height
  • 1988–91 regular cab: 1,544 mm (60.8 in)
  • 1988–91 regular cab (long bed): 1,539 mm (60.6 in)
  • 1988–91 Xtracab (2WD): 1,549 mm (61.0 in)
  • 1988–91 regular cab (long bed 4WD): 1,704 mm (67.1 in)
  • 1988–91 Xtracab (4WD): 1,709 mm (67.3 in)
  • 1991–97 regular cab: 1,590 mm (62.6 in)
  • 1991–97 regular cab: 1,595 mm (62.8 in)
  • 1991–97 Xtracab (4WD): 1,755 mm (69.1 in)
  • 1991–97 regular cab (4WD): 1,750 mm (68.9 in)

The next redesign, in 1988, introduced a longer-wheelbase option, 3,099 mm (122 in) rather than 2,616 mm (103 in) for the regular wheelbase. Its one-piece cargo-box walls eliminated the rust-prone seams that were found in earlier models. The V6 Xtracab SR5 earned Motor Trend magazine's Truck of the Year award that year. The Xtra Cabs now featured more room behind the front seats than the last generation which allowed optional jump-seats for rear passengers, a feature more in line with competitors of the time.

In 1991, North American production began at the NUMMI plant in Fremont, California (the VIN on these trucks starts with '4T'), however some trucks sold in the United States during the 1991–1995 model years were still manufactured in Japan (VIN starts with 'JT').

The Hilux received a minor facelift in 1991 (for the 1992 model year), which was a minor grille change and the new Toyota emblem that had been recently adopted.

It was during this generation that Toyota discontinued the Hilux in the United States, replacing it with the new Tacoma for the 1995 model year.[17]

Engines

  • 1988–1995: 1.8 L (1,812 cc) 2Y-U I4, 58 kW (79 PS; 78 hp) at 5,000rpm 140 N⋅m (100 lb⋅ft) at 3,200rpm
  • 1988–1995: 1.8 L (1,812 cc) 2Y I4, 61 kW (83 PS; 82 hp) at 4,800rpm 140 N⋅m (100 lb⋅ft) at 2,800rpm (export markets)[18]
  • 1989–1997: 2.4 L (2,366 cc) 22R-E SOHC EFI I4, 84 kW (114 PS; 113 hp) at 4,600 rpm and 192 N⋅m (142 lb⋅ft) at 3,400 rpm
  • 1989–1995: 3.0 L (2,958 cc) 3VZ-E V6, 112 kW (152 PS; 150 hp) at 4,800 rpm
  • 1989–1997: 2.4 L (2,446 cc) 2L-II diesel I4, 66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp) at 4,200 rpm and 167 N⋅m (123 lb⋅ft) at 2,400 rpm[19]
  • 2.8 L (2,779 cc) 3L diesel I4, 67 kW (91 PS; 90 hp) at 4,000 rpm and 188 N⋅m (139 lb⋅ft) at 2,400 rpm

Volkswagen built and marketed the Hilux under the Volkswagen Taro name from February 1989 to March 1997.

This generation of the Hilux sold in Thailand as the Toyota Hilux Mighty-X.

Sales in South America:

For sales in Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela, the Hilux was produced in Colombia from 1994 to 1998 by the SOFASA company (only equipped with the 2.4 L petrol engine). For sales in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, the Hilux was produced in Argentina from 1997 through 2005 (Zárate Plant – both petrol and diesel engines). For sales in Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Peru, the Hilux was imported from factories in Japan from 1989 to 1997 (petrol and diesel engines). The available options for these markets were:

  • single cab chassis (2WD, 4WD petrol engines) (Colombia and Ecuador)
  • single cab long bed (2WD,4WD, petrol and diesel engines) (all South American countries; diesel engine not available in Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela)
  • xtra cab (2WD, 4WD, petrol) (Only Bolivia)
  • crew cab (2WD,4WD, petrol and diesel engines)(All South American countries; Diesel engine not available in Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela)
  • 1988-1991 Toyota HiLux
    1988-1991 Toyota HiLux
  • 1988–1991 Toyota HiLux 2-door pickup
    1988–1991 Toyota HiLux 2-door pickup
  • 1991–1997 Toyota HiLux V6 Xtra Cab
    1991–1997 Toyota HiLux V6 Xtra Cab
  • 1991–1997 Toyota HiLux DX 4-door
    1991–1997 Toyota HiLux DX 4-door
  • 1994-1997 Toyota HiLux 4X4 Diesel
    1994-1997 Toyota HiLux 4X4 Diesel
  • Volkswagen Taro (Europe)
    Volkswagen Taro (Europe)

Sixth generation (N140, N150, N160, N170; 1997–2005)

Sixth generation (N140, N150, N160, N170)
Overview
Production1997–2005
Assembly
DesignerMasaaki Ishiko[20]
Body and chassis
Body style
Layout
Related
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • Regular Cab: 2,850 mm (112.2 in)
  • Extended Cab: 3,090 mm (121.7 in)
  • Crew Cab: 2,855 mm (112.4 in)
Length
  • Regular Cab: 4,690 mm (184.6 in)
  • Extended Cab: 5,035 mm (198.2 in)
  • Crew Cab: 4,790 mm (188.6 in)
Width
  • Regular Cab and all 2WD models: 1,665 mm (65.6 in)
  • Crew Cab and Extended Cab: 1,790 mm (70.5 in)
Height
  • Regular Cab/Extended Cab (4WD): 1,775 mm (69.9 in)
  • Crew Cab (4WD): 1,795 mm (70.7 in)
  • Regular Cab (2WD): 1,600–1,650 mm (63.0–65.0 in)
  • Extended and Crew Cab (2WD): 1,695 mm (66.7 in)

The Hilux received a minor design update for the 1999 model year and the addition of a few more engine options. The Hilux was the facelifted in 2001 for the 2002 model year.

In 2005, Toyota ceased production of the Hilux truck for the Japanese market. This was the last generation of the Hilux to be built in Japan.[citation needed]

Engines

  • 1998–2001 2.0 L (1,998 cc) 1RZ-E 8 Valve SOHC I4 (Hilux 'Workmate' models in Australia) (4×2)
  • 1998–1999 3.0 L (2,986 cc) 5L diesel I4, 72 kW (98 PS; 97 hp) (4×2, 4×4)
  • 1995–2004 2.4 L (2,438 cc) 2RZ-FE 16-valve DOHC I4, 106 kW (144 PS; 142 hp) (4×2, 4×4)
  • 1995–2004 2.7 L (2,693 cc) 3RZ-FE 16-valve DOHC I4, 112 kW (152 PS; 150 hp) (4×4)
  • 1995–2004 3.4 L (3,378 cc) 5VZ-FE 24-valve DOHC V6, 142 kW (193 PS; 190 hp)
  • 1998-2001 2.4 L (2,446 cc) 2L-T UK Spec - Turbo Diesel single valve 8-valve I4 83/62 hp/kW at 4,000 rpm, 16.8/165 kg⋅m/N⋅m at 2,200 rpm (4x4)
South American markets

The Hilux was produced in Colombia for sales in Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador from 1998 to 2005 by the SOFASA company (with only petrol engines 2.7 L). In Venezuela and Ecuador, the single-cab 2WD chassis/long bed is called the Stout II. For sales in Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, it was imported from Japan from 1998 through 2004 (petrol engined 2.7 L, and diesel engined 2.8 L). This model was not sold in Argentina or Brazil because the fifth-generation Hilux had received a redesign and upgrade. Options for South American markets included:

  • Single cab chassis (2WD, 4WD petrol engines) (for sales in Colombia and Ecuador)
  • Single cab long bed (2WD,4WD, petrol and diesel engines) (all South American countries)
  • Xtracab (4WD, petrol and diesel engines) (in Bolivia only)
  • Crew cab (2WD,4WD, petrol and diesel engines)(all South American countries) (Named the Hilux Millenium from 2002 through to the present)
Thailand market

Toyota shifted production from the Hilux Mighty-X (fifth generation) to the Hilux Tiger (sixth generation) in the late 1990s and made it the global export hub. The Thailand-made Hilux Tiger went through the following versions:

  • 1998–1999: Hilux Tiger with the 3.0 L 5L engine
  • 2000–2001: Hilux Tiger with the 3.0 L 5L-E EFI engine
  • 2001: Hilux Tiger with 1KZ engine (short-lived and immediately replaced by D4D engine)
  • Late 2001 – late 2004: Hilux Tiger SportCruiser with D4D engine[21]
  • Pickup 4WD Wide Extra cab Sports 2.7 L (RZN174H, Japan)
    Pickup 4WD Wide Extra cab Sports 2.7 L (RZN174H, Japan)
  • Pickup 4WD Wide Extra cab Sports 2.7 L (RZN174H), Japan
    Pickup 4WD Wide Extra cab Sports 2.7 L (RZN174H), Japan
  • 1997–2001 Toyota Hilux (RZN149R) 2-door utility, Australia
    1997–2001 Toyota Hilux (RZN149R) 2-door utility, Australia
  • 2001–2004 (RZN149R, Australia)
    2001–2004 (RZN149R, Australia)
  • 2002–2005 Toyota Hilux SR5 4-door utility (VZN167R, Australia)
    2002–2005 Toyota Hilux SR5 4-door utility (VZN167R, Australia)
  • Pickup 4WD Wide Double cab Sports 2.7 (post facelift) (RZN169H, Japan)
    Pickup 4WD Wide Double cab Sports 2.7 (post facelift) (RZN169H, Japan)
  • 2003-2004 Pickup Extra cab 3.0 G Limited D-4D (KDN151, Thailand)
    2003-2004 Pickup Extra cab 3.0 G Limited D-4D (KDN151, Thailand)

Hilux Sport Rider

Toyota Hilux Sport Rider (Thailand)
Toyota Hilux Sport Rider (Thailand)

Toyota introduced a mid-size SUV variant of the Hilux in 1998. The variant called the Sport Rider is a rare model, sold in a select few Asian markets, including Thailand and Nepal. Based on the Hilux, both in style and underpinnings, it is similar in concept to the Toyota 4Runner—however, the Sport Rider is not a rebadged 4Runner. The Sport Rider's frame and suspension system are derived from the Hilux, including the Hilux's independent front suspension and leaf-sprung rear. The model started out as the four-door pickup truck, but was modified into wagons on arrival in Thailand by Thai Auto Works Co (a majority Thai-owned company in which Toyota has a 20 percent stake). The vehicles were distributed by Toyota Tsusho Thailand, the importer of Toyota forklifts.

Engine options for the Sport Rider included the 5L engine for the Prerunner (2WD) model and 5L-E for 4WD models. Later 1KZ-TE engine was introduced for the 2001 4WD models which had foglamp integrated in the front bumper, 2002 saw the arrival of new engines—the 1KD-FTV and 2KD-FTV with a new front bumper, new projector-style headlights, and new rear lamps. Toyota discontinued the Sport Rider in 2004, and replaced it in 2005 with the Toyota Fortuner.

Engines

  • 1998–2002: 3.0 L (2,986 cc) 5L-E I4 SOHC EFI, 77 kW (105 PS; 103 hp) at 4,000 rpm 200 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) at 2,600 rpm
  • 1998–2002: 3.0 L (2,986 cc) 5L I4, 72 kW (98 PS; 97 hp) at 4,000 rpm 192 N⋅m (142 lb⋅ft) at 2,400 rpm (Prerunner)
  • 2001–2002: 3.0 L (2,982 cc) 1KZ-TE I4 SOHC, 92 kW (125 PS; 123 hp) at 3,600 rpm and 315 N⋅m (232 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm
  • 2002–2004: 3.0 L (2,982 cc) 1KD-FTV I4 DOHC, 93 kW (126 PS; 125 hp) at 4,800 rpm and 315 N⋅m (232 lb⋅ft) at 1,800–2,600 rpm
  • 2002–2004: 2.5 L (2,494 cc) 2KD-FTV I4 DOHC, 75 kW (102 PS; 101 hp) at 3,600 rpm and 260 N⋅m (190 lb⋅ft) at 1,400–3,400 rpm

Seventh generation (AN10, AN20, AN30; 2004–2015)

Seventh generation (AN10/AN20/AN30)
Overview
Also calledTruckMasters OX (Finland)
ProductionAugust 2004[22] – May 2015
Assembly
DesignerKaoru Hosokawa (2002)[31]
Body and chassis
Body style
  • 2-door pickup truck (Single Cab and Xtra Cab)
  • 4-door pickup truck (Smart Cab and Double Cab)
Layout
PlatformToyota IMV
Related
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • Single Cab: 2,750 mm (108.3 in)
  • Double Cab: 3,085 mm (121.5 in)
Length
  • Single Cab: 4,980 mm (196.1 in)
  • Xtra Cab: 5,135–5,260 mm (202.2–207.1 in)
  • Double Cab: 4,980–5,260 mm (196.1–207.1 in)
Width
  • Single Cab: 1,760 mm (69.3 in)
  • Xtra and Double Cab: 1,885 mm (74.2 in)
Height
  • Single Cab (2WD): 1,795 mm (70.7 in)
  • Single Cab (4WD): 1,810 mm (71.3 in)
  • Xtra and Double Cab (2WD): 1,695 mm (66.7 in)
  • Xtra and Double Cab (4WD): 1,810 mm (71.3 in)

The seventh generation of the Hilux (designated the AN10/AN20/AN30), part of the IMV program, started production in Thailand during August 2004.[22] Three pickup truck body variants were initially produced: a two-door Single Cab (referred to by Toyota as IMV1), a two-door Xtra Cab (IMV2), and four-door Double Cab (IMV3).[32] In September 2008, Toyota introduced the Smart Cab, a four-door with hidden rear suicide doors.[33] The IMV program also spawned the Toyota Innova (AN40) minivan (IMV4) and Toyota Fortuner (AN50/AN60) SUV (IMV5).[22] The similar Toyota Tacoma pickup truck, introduced in February 2004 for the 2005 model year, is based on the 4Runner chassis, while the AN10/AN20/AN30 Hilux is based on an revamped version of the ladder frame found on previous versions. The Hilux increased in size and then became classified as a mid-size pick up.

Hilux models sold in Asian, European, Middle Eastern, and Oceanian markets were initially built and assembled in Thailand. Later, production was delegated to Malaysia and South East Asia in order to increase sales in those regions.[22] In Thailand, the vehicle is called the Hilux Vigo, or simply Vigo.[32] For other European markets and South Africa, the Hilux was built in Durban, South Africa.[22] As of December 2009, it is the best selling vehicle in South Africa. Those sold in South America were built in Argentina, as with the previous generation Hilux. However, the engines were built in Japan (where they are also used in the Land Cruiser Prado) instead of Argentina.[citation needed]

In Malaysia, the Hilux was only available with a 2.5 L engine with the option of single cab or double cab body style.[citation needed] The double cab model has an automatic transmission. It uses the same engine as other Asian countries (in-line, 4-cylinder, 16-valve, DOHC Turbo Diesel with common rail direct injection), however engines used in Malaysia differ in their maximum output of 75 kW (102 PS; 101 hp) at 3,600 rpm and maximum torque of 260 N⋅m (192 lb⋅ft) at 1,600–2,400 rpm.

In Singapore, the Hilux is available as a single cab with the 2.5 L engine or a double cab with the 3.0 L engine.

Notable fleet customers include private taxi operators, for whom the double cab model offers additional load space versatility, and the Singapore Police Force, Pakistan Police Force, Syrian Police Force and the Royal Bhutan Police Force; all of which employ it as a patrol vehicle.

This generation of the Hilux was introduced for Argentina on 2 March 2005 in Buenos Aires with a market launch in April.[34]

Two Hilux pickups were entered in recent years of the Dakar Rally by the Imperial Toyota team of South Africa. Driver Giniel de Villiers achieved third place in 2012, second place overall in 2013, 4th in 2014, and again second place in 2015. These however, were heavily modified non-production versions built around a custom racing-only tubular chassis and using a larger capacity Toyota V8 engine.[35]

TruckMasters OX

This generation of the Hilux was also sold in Finland as the TruckMasters OX by Truck Masters Finland. Because of a modified rear suspension, the car is registered in Finland as a light truck. The OX is only available with a 3.0 D-4D diesel engine.[36]

Engines

  • 2005 2.0 L gasoline VVT-i DOHC I4 (South Africa, Indonesia and Middle East)
  • 2005 2.5 L diesel D-4D DOHC I4, 76 kW (103 PS; 102 hp) – 107 kW (145 PS; 143 hp) (Asia, Europe, South Africa, South America)
  • 2005 2.7 L gasoline VVT-i DOHC I4, 119 kW (162 PS; 160 hp) (Australia, Arabian Peninsula, The Philippines, South Africa, Venezuela)
  • 2005 3.0 L diesel D-4D DOHC I4, Turbodiesel, commonrail 16-valve direct injection, 121 kW (165 PS; 162 hp) (Asia, South Africa, South America, Australia, Europe). This version is made at Toyota's facility in Zárate, Argentina.
  • 2005 4.0 L gasoline VVT-i DOHC V6, 170 kW (231 PS; 228 hp) – 176 kW (236 hp) (Australia, South Africa, Venezuela, China)
  • 2008 4.0 L Supercharged DOHC V6 225 kW (306 PS; 302 hp) (Australia only, TRD Hilux 4000S & 4000SL)[37]

2008 facelift

A facelifted version of the Hilux was unveiled by Toyota's Malaysian distributors, UMW Toyota Motor, in August 2008. Toyota has introduced a left hand drive Hilux Vigo in August 2008 while a right hand drive facelifted model was introduced in September 2008. These facelifted models were introduced in the Philippines in October 2008.

Toyota also introduced a four-door rear access system called "Smart Cab" to replace all Xtra Cab models in E and G grade. The Smart Cab models were developed in Thailand and were only sold in the Thai market.[33]

2011 facelift

On 13 July 2011, Toyota announced that the Hilux would receive an upgrade, including a redesigned front end and other external styling changes, changes to the interior and a new turbocharged diesel engine capable of 107 kW (144 hp) and 343 N⋅m (253 lb⋅ft) of torque, as well as lower fuel consumption compared to the previous model.[38] This update was initially launched in Thailand.[39]

2012 Hilux Vigo Champ

The Hilux Vigo "Champ" was introduced in Thailand in August 2012 as a significant "minor change" with a new front design and a revamped interior to reinforce perceived luxury. The front was redesigned from the A pillar forwards. With the exception of the doors, roof and tailgate, everything else was new: new guards, new headlights, new bumper, new bonnet, new three-bar grille, new taillights, a new rear bumper, new models badge and other. There were also new mirrors and new alloy wheel designs. The interior features a new upper dashboard design with a new horizontal center instrument cluster. Perceived quality was improved through the adoption of uniformly darker finishes with greater color consistency throughout the interior. The high-end Double Cab version now came with a DVD player, rear camera and Bluetooth functionality.[40]

This minor update upgraded the emission standard to Euro 4, updated the four-speed automatic transmission to five-speed, upgraded performance of the 3.0-liter model from 122 to 128 kW (166 to 174 PS; 164 to 172 hp), increased torque from 343 to 360 N⋅m (253 to 266 ft⋅lb) for the five-speed automatic transmission, and the SmartCab Prerunner 4x2 was introduced with automatic transmission. Other changes included a more efficient fuel injection system and the addition of a center headrest on the rear double cab seat.

  • Toyota Hilux 4-door utility (Malaysia; pre-facelift)
    Toyota Hilux 4-door utility (Malaysia; pre-facelift)
  • Toyota Hilux 2-door utility (Chile; 2008 facelift)
    Toyota Hilux 2-door utility (Chile; 2008 facelift)
  • Toyota Hilux (GGN25R) SR 4-door utility (Australia; 2008 facelift)
    Toyota Hilux (GGN25R) SR 4-door utility (Australia; 2008 facelift)
  • Toyota Hilux (GGN25R) SR 4-door utility (Australia; 2008 facelift)
    Toyota Hilux (GGN25R) SR 4-door utility (Australia; 2008 facelift)
  • Toyota Hilux (KUN26R) SR Xtra Cab 2-door utility (Australia; 2011 facelift)
    Toyota Hilux (KUN26R) SR Xtra Cab 2-door utility (Australia; 2011 facelift)
  • Toyota Hilux (KUN26R) SR 4-door utility (Australia; 2011 facelift)
    Toyota Hilux (KUN26R) SR 4-door utility (Australia; 2011 facelift)
  • Toyota Hilux (KUN26R) SR5 4-door utility (Australia; 2011 facelift)
    Toyota Hilux (KUN26R) SR5 4-door utility (Australia; 2011 facelift)
  • TRD Hilux (GGN25R) 4000SL 4-door utility (Australia)
    TRD Hilux (GGN25R) 4000SL 4-door utility (Australia)
  • Interior
    Interior

Eighth generation (AN120, AN130; 2015–present)

Eighth generation (AN120/AN130)
File:2018 Toyota Hilux SR5 Double Cab 2.8-litre turbo-diesel.jpg
Toyota Hilux (pre-facelift)
Overview
Also calledTruckMasters OX (Finland)
Production2015–present
Assembly
Designer
  • Hiroki Nakajima[41]
  • Masahiko Maeda (2013)[42]
Body and chassis
Body style
  • 2-door pickup truck (Standard Cab)
  • 4-door pickup truck (Extra Cab; Dual Cab)
Layout
PlatformToyota IMV
Related
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
  • 5-speed manual
  • 6-speed manual
  • 5-speed automatic
  • 6-speed automatic
Dimensions
WheelbaseCrew Cab: 3,085 mm (121.5 in)
LengthCrew Cab: 5,335 mm (210.0 in)
WidthCrew Cab: 1,855 mm (73.0 in)
HeightCrew Cab: 1,820 mm (71.7 in)

The eighth generation of the Toyota Hilux was officially introduced simultaneously on 21 May 2015 in Bangkok, Thailand and Sydney, Australia. However, the pickup truck was available for sale in the showrooms from October, 5 months after its official introduction.[44]

The Thai, Laos, South East Asian and Cambodian market also adopted a new name, "Toyota Hilux Revo". The Hilux uses the "Keen Look" design language that has already been used on the Toyota Corolla (E170) with slim projector headlights and LED DRL (Daytime Running Lights). This design continues into the interior with similar AC vents and center fascia design. This generation has Toyota's first autonomous emergency braking (AEB).[45]

New ESTEC GD 2.4-litre, 2.8-litre and KD 2.5-litre along with 3.0-litre diesel engines, shared with the Fortuner and Innova, were combined with a 5 or 6-speed manual transmission or a 5 or 6-speed automatic transmission with sequential shift technology respectively.[46] The 2.8-liter GD engine was introduced in May 2015 at the 36th International Vienna Motor Symposium.[47] The 2.0-litre, 2.7-litre and 4.0-litre petrol engines from the previous generation returned with a Dual VVT-i update for increased power and torque.[48][49]

Like the previous generation, this generation has also been sold as the TruckMasters OX in Finland by Truck Masters Finland since 2017. The modified suspension means that the truck is registered as a light truck in Finland, leading to lower taxes.[50]

The Hilux was re-introduced in Japan on 12 September 2017, after 13 years of hiatus.[51] For the Japanese market, the Hilux is imported from Thailand.

2017 Facelift

The facelifted Hilux Revo was unveiled at the 34th Thailand International Motor Expo on 30 November 2017. It features a new big front grille styling similar to the North American market Toyota Tacoma and a new front bumper with LED fog lights.

A new variant was introduced in the Thailand market called the "Hilux Revo Rocco". The Rocco has a grey rear bumper bar, 18-inch alloy wheels with all-terrain tyres, a black sports bar with bed liner, Rocco insignia, gloss black grille, black metallic trim on the interior along with a redesigned instrument cluster. The Engine and safety features for the Rocco remain unchanged.

The facelifted model was introduced in Malaysia as Hilux L-Edition in 2018. In the Philippines, the facelift model was introduced in February 2018. This facelift model is only available for the new top-of-the-line 'Conquest' variant.[52]

Model Engine Transmission Power Torque
2.0 2.0 L 1TR-FE inline-4 fuel-injected petrol with Dual VVT-i 6-speed manual 104 kW (139 hp) at 5,500 rpm 185 N⋅m (136 lb⋅ft) at 3,800 rpm
6-speed automatic
2.4 2.4 L 2GD-FTV inline-4 common rail diesel with VNT 6-speed manual 110 kW (150 hp) at 3,400 rpm 343 N⋅m (253 lb⋅ft) at 1,400–2,600 rpm
6-speed automatic 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) at 1,600–2,400 rpm
2.5 2.5 L 2KD-FTV inline-4 common rail diesel without intercooler 5-speed manual 76 kW (102 hp) at 3,600 rpm 200 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) at 1,600–3,600 rpm
6-speed manual 260 N⋅m (190 lb⋅ft) at 1,600–2,400 rpm
2.5 2.5 L 2KD-FTV inline-4 common rail diesel with VNT 6-speed manual 107 kW (144 hp) at 3,400 rpm 343 N⋅m (253 lb⋅ft) at 1,800–3,400 rpm
5-speed automatic
2.7 2.7 L 2TR-FE inline-4 fuel-injected petrol with Dual VVT-i 6-speed manual 120 kW (160 hp) at 5,500 rpm 246 N⋅m (181 lb⋅ft) at 3,800 rpm
6-speed automatic
2.8 2.8 L 1GD-FTV inline-4 common rail diesel with VNT 6-speed manual 132 kW (177 hp) at 3,400 rpm 420 N⋅m (310 lb⋅ft) at 1,400–2,600 rpm
6-speed automatic 450 N⋅m (330 lb⋅ft) at 1,600–2,400 rpm
3.0 3.0 L 5L-E inline-4

naturally aspirated diesel

5-speed manual 71 kW (95 hp) at 4,000 rpm 197 N⋅m (145 lb⋅ft) at 2,200 rpm
3.0 3.0 L 1KD-FTV inline-4

common rail diesel with VNT

6-speed manual 122 kW (163 hp) at 3,400 rpm 343 N⋅m (253 lb⋅ft) at 1,600–3,400 rpm
5-speed automatic 360 N⋅m (270 lb⋅ft) at 1,800–3,400 rpm
4.0 4.0 L 1GR-FE V6 fuel-injected petrol with VVT-i 6-speed manual 175 kW (235 hp) at 5,200 rpm 376 N⋅m (277 lb⋅ft) at 3,700 rpm
6-speed automatic
  • Toyota HiLux Invicible (UK; pre-facelift)
    Toyota HiLux Invicible (UK; pre-facelift)
  • Toyota Hilux SR5 (Australia; facelift)
    Toyota Hilux SR5 (Australia; facelift)
  • Toyota Hilux SR5 (Australia; facelift)
    Toyota Hilux SR5 (Australia; facelift)
  • Interior
    Interior
  • Engine bay
    Engine bay
  • Instrument Cluster
    Instrument Cluster
  • Satellite Navigation
    Satellite Navigation

Sales

Calendar Year Thailand
2006 166,358[53]
2007 158,348[53]
2008 127,028[53]
2009 102,026[53]
2010 144,190[53]
2011 121,887[53]
2012 233,293[53]
2013 206,939[53]
2014 144,693[54]
2015 120,112[55]
2016 120,444[56]
2017 109,988[57]
2018 150,928[53]

Reputation

The Hilux has gained a reputation for exceptional sturdiness and reliability during sustained heavy use or even abuse.

This reputation was highlighted in several episodes of the BBC motoring show Top Gear. In series 3, episodes 5 and 6, a 1988 diesel N50 Hilux with 305,775 km (190,000 miles) on the odometer was subjected to extraordinary abuse including being left on a beach for the incoming tide, left on top of a building as it was demolished and being set on fire.[58][59] The Hilux suffered severe structural damage, but was still running after being repaired with only the typical tools that would be found in a truck's toolbox.[60] This Hilux became one of the background decorations in the Top Gear studio. In the later series 8, episode 3, a Hilux was chosen by Jeremy Clarkson as his platform for creating an amphibious vehicle, and in the Top Gear: Polar Special Clarkson and James May raced a specially modified 2007 model Hilux to the magnetic north pole from Northern Canada – making the truck the first motor vehicle to make it to the magnetic north pole. The camera crew's vehicle from this episode was later modified and driven to near the summit of the Eyjafjallajökull erupting Icelandic volcano by James May in Series 15, Episode 1.

In 1999, the Hilux appeared in a series of "Bugger" television adverts in New Zealand and Australia.[61][62] The adverts were banned in New Zealand after receiving 120 complaints but later reinstated.[63]

A world record was achieved by the support crew for the participants in the 2008/2009 Amundsen Omega 3 South Pole Race. The crew travelled in specially adapted Toyota Hiluxes modified by Arctic Trucks, completing a trip of over 5,000 km (3,100 miles) from Novo, a Russian Scientific Station in Antarctica to the Geographic South Pole and back again, making them the first 4×4s to reach the South Pole.[citation needed] The return journey of 2,500 km (1,600 miles) from the South Pole to Novo Station was completed in a record 8 days and 17 hours.

Despite being discontinued in Japan prior to 2017, the Hilux has been popularly grey-imported throughout private importers. This, along with the existing Hilux users' requests, demanded Toyota to revive Hilux in Japan after 13 years since discontinuation.

Use by militant groups

Due to its durability and reliability, the Toyota Hilux, along with the larger Toyota Land Cruiser, has become popular among militant groups in war-torn regions as a technical. According to terrorism analyst Andrew Exum, the Hilux is "the vehicular equivalent of the AK-47. It's ubiquitous to insurgent warfare."[64] U.S. counter-terror officials have inquired with Toyota how the Salafi jihadist extremist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant has apparently acquired large numbers of Toyota Hiluxes and Land Cruisers. Mark Wallace, the CEO of the Counter Extremism Project said, "Regrettably, the Toyota Land Cruiser and Hilux have effectively become almost part of the ISIS brand."[65]

The 1980s Toyota War between Libya and Chad was so named because of the heavy but very successful use of Hilux trucks as technicals.[64]

Notes and references

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  2. ^ a b c d "1st to 4th generation Hilux Chief Engineers | Hilux 50th Anniversary Special Website" (Press release). Toyota. 21 May 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d "Toyota Announces Full Model Change in Hi-Lux SmallL Pick-up Truck Series" (Press release). Toyota. 1 September 1978. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Toyota Vehicle Identification Manual". Toyota Motor Sale Co., Ltd. – Export Parts Department. 1984. 97913-84. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ Toyota Commercial Cars (Catalog), Toyota, 1969, p. 7
  6. ^ a b Ruiz, Marco (1986). 'The Complete History of the Japanese Car: 1907 to the Present. Rome: ERVIN srl. p. 166. ISBN 0-517-61777-3.
  7. ^ a b 愛される車づくり。トヨタはあすにいどみます。 [Lovable car manufacture. Toyota dares to defy tomorrow.] (catalog) (in Japanese), Toyota Motor Co., 1972, pp. 5–6
  8. ^ Wright, Cedric, ed. (September 1978). "Toyota Hi-Lux 2000 Automatic". CAR. Vol. 22, no. 78. South Africa: Ramsay, Son & Parker (Pty) ltd. pp. 76–77.
  9. ^ "自動車ガイドブック: Japanese motor vehicles guide book" (in Japanese). 20. Japan: Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association. 30 October 1973: 227. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ^ "Tahara Plant". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  11. ^ a b c "自動車ガイドブック [Japanese Motor Vehicles Guide Book]" (in Japanese). 25. Japan: Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association. 10 October 1978: 109. 0053-780025-3400. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ^ Marlin Crawler. "Dual Case Setup". Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ a b c d e "Pickups and Mini-Trucks". Pickups and Mini-Trucks. 1 (5). Hot Rod Magazine: 36. 1983.
  14. ^ Meurer, Stany (28 April 1983). "Dossier Pick-up" [The pickup file]. De AutoGids (in Flemish). 4 (94). Brussels, Belgium: Uitgeverij Auto-Magazine: 45.
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  17. ^ Inama, John (24 November 2015). "Old vs. New: 1995 Toyota Tacoma vs. 2016 Toyota Tacoma". The Fast Lane Truck. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  18. ^ Rex, Rainer, ed. (July 1989), Lastauto Omnibus Katalog 1990 [Truck and bus catalog] (in German), vol. 19, Motor-Presse-Verlag GmbH und Co. KG, p. 151, 81531/89001
  19. ^ Mastrostefano, Raffaele, ed. (1990). Quattroruote: Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1990 (in Italian). Milano: Editoriale Domus S.p.A. p. 1332.
  20. ^ "Masaaki Ishiko, Chief Engineer for the 6th generation Hilux | Hilux 50th Anniversary Special Website" (Press release). Toyota. 26 July 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  21. ^ "Detailed Specs of Thailand-made Hilux Tiger 1998–2004".
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Toyota IMV Sales Reach Global 5 Million-unit Mark" (Press release). Toyota Motor Corporation. 6 April 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  23. ^ "Toyota rumo ao topo do mundo" [Toyota towards the top of the world] (in Portuguese). Istoé Dinheiro. 16 March 2005. Archived from the original on 30 December 2015.
  24. ^ "Malaysian Market: Production Volume Rises to 500,000-unit Level; Forecast to Reach 600,000 by End of Decade". MarkLines. 7 June 2005. Archived from the original on 30 December 2015.
  25. ^ "Kereta CKD Malaysia" [Malaysia CKD cars] (in Malay). ArenaKereta. 12 October 2013. Archived from the original on 27 August 2014.
  26. ^ "Company profile". Indus Motors Company. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015.
  27. ^ Young, Angelo (19 August 2013). "About 30,000 South Africa Auto Workers Walk Off The Job; Toyota, GM, Ford Auto Exports Affected; BMW Strike Enters Second Week". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 30 December 2015.
  28. ^ Pettendy, Marton (17 October 2011). "Thai floods halt Aussie ute supplies". GoAuto. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  29. ^ "Activities by Region, Latin America". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  30. ^ "Overview of Overseas Production Affiliates, Latin America". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  31. ^ "Kaoru Hosokawa, Chief Engineer for the 7th generation Hilux | Hilux 50th Anniversary Special Website" (Press release). Toyota. 25 May 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  32. ^ a b "IMV Project Production Vehicles". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  33. ^ a b "Thailand: Planned Production Capacity in the Country Amounting to Roughly 2.6 Million a Year in 2015". MarkLines. 4 November 2008. Archived from the original on 30 December 2015.
  34. ^ "Toyota Argentina Unveils New Hilux Pickup" (Press release). Japan: Toyota Motor Corporation. 2 March 2005. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  35. ^ "Toyota HiLux on the podium in Dakar rally" (Press release). Australia: Toyota. 18 January 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  36. ^ "TruckMasters OX nyt tarjous hintaan!".
  37. ^ The New TRD Hilux (sales brochure), Toyota Motor Corporation Australia Limited, April 2008.
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