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Christchurch mosque shootings

Coordinates: 43°31′58″S 172°36′42″E / 43.5329°S 172.6118°E / -43.5329; 172.6118
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Christchurch mosque shootings
Al Noor Mosque, June 2006
Map
Location of Al Noor Mosque (left) and Linwood Islamic Centre (right)
LocationChristchurch, Canterbury Region, New Zealand
Coordinates43°31′58″S 172°36′42″E / 43.5329°S 172.6118°E / -43.5329; 172.6118
Date15 March 2019
13:40 (NZDT (UTC+13:00))
TargetMuslim worshipers at mosques
Attack type
Mass shooting, terrorist attack, attempted bombing
Weaponsfirearms
Deaths49
Injured40+
MotiveFar-right extremism


The Christchurch mosque shootings were two coordinated white supremacist right-wing terror attacks at Al Noor Mosque and the Linwood Islamic Centre in Christchurch, New Zealand, during Friday prayer on 15 March 2019. At least 49 people were killed in the shootings and at least 40 others were injured. Four suspects were arrested, with one charged. The attacks were described as terrorist attacks by Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and various governments internationally. One gunman was reported to be Brenton Tarrant, an Australian.[1][2][3][4][5]

The shootings were the deadliest attack in New Zealand since the 1943 Featherston prisoner of war camp riot where 49 people were killed.[6] It is the first mass shooting in New Zealand since the 1997 Raurimu massacre as well as the deadliest criminal act in New Zealand history, surpassing the 1990 Aramoana massacre.[7][8][9]

Attacks

The attacks began at the Al Noor Mosque, Riccarton and the Linwood Islamic Centre, at 13:40 on 15 March 2019 NZDT (00:40 UTC).[10][11][12]

Police found two car bombs in a vehicle.[13] The New Zealand Defence Force defused them without incident.[13][14][13]

Forty-one people were killed at or near Al Noor. Seven others died at Linwood. An additional victim died in hospital.[15]

The guns Tarrant promised to use were covered in white writing that named historical events, people, and motifs related to conflicts between Muslims and non-Muslims.[16] The markings on the gun included references to the 2018 Global Compact for Migration, the 1189-1191 Siege of Acre, the 1683 Battle of Vienna, the 732 Battle of Tours, the 1571 Battle of Lepanto, the 1805 Battle of Ivankovac, the 1877–1878 Battle of Shipka Pass, Charles Martel, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, Hetman Feliks Kazimierz Potocki, Sebastiano Venier, Lazar Hrebeljanović, Dmitry Senyavin, Miloš Obilić, John Hunyadi, Șerban Cantacuzino, Marco Antonio Bragadin, Ștefan cel Mare, Skanderbeg, Bajo Pivljanin, Novak Vujošević, Edward Codrington, Marko Miljanov Popović, Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg, the Fourteen Words and "Turkofagos" (Turk eater), a term used by Greeks during the Greek War of Independence.[17][18][19] The anti-Turkish phrase "Remove Kebab", a slogan originating from Serbia that spread globally and is used by white supremacists, was shown on one of Tarrant's weapons.[18]

Al Noor Mosque, Riccarton

A heavily armed gunman attacked the Al Noor Mosque in Deans Avenue, Riccarton at around 13:40.[20] The Al Noor gunman livestreamed 16 minutes of his activities on Facebook Live, including the attack. He identified himself as a 28-year-old Australian white supremacist.[16][21] Moments before the shooting the perpetrator in his car played "Serbia Strong", a nationalist Serbian song from the Yugoslav Wars (1990s) celebrating Radovan Karadžić, who was found guilty of genocide against Bosnian Muslims.[22][23][18][19][24] Among making many other Internet culture and meme references, he also said "subscribe to PewDiePie" during his live-stream before carrying out the attack, a reference to the current PewDiePie vs T-Series subscriber battle.[25] Just before the shooting, the gunman appeared to be greeted by one of the worshippers who said "hello, brother", and who was amongst the first people to be killed.[26][27]

The gunman spent several minutes inside the mosque killing the attendees. He killed three people near the entrance, and multiple others inside a larger room. The gunman shot at the victims multiple times while they were already gunned down. He then left the mosque and shot people outside. He went on to retrieve another weapon from his vehicle before returning to the mosque to finish off more victims. The gunman then exited the mosque for a second time and killed a woman near the footpath. He fled the scene shortly thereafter.[28] The video showed that the gunman shot other civilians near the area and drove away at a high speed.[15]

Three hundred to five hundred people may have been inside the mosque, attending Friday Prayer, at the time of the shooting.[29] A neighbour of the mosque told reporters that he witnessed the shooter flee the mosque and drop what appeared to be a firearm in the driveway while he fled.[30] The neighbour said that the shooter appeared to be wearing military-style clothes. After the shooting ended, the neighbour went inside to help the victims.[28]

Linwood Islamic Centre

A second shooting occurred at the Linwood Islamic Centre.[31][32] This mosque is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away from Al Noor.[28] Early reports spoke of "a multiple, simultaneous attack",[33] although later on one suspect was charged for the "planned" murder at both sites.[34] Seven people were killed inside the mosque and three outside.[35] The shooting was interrupted when a Muslim worshipper wrestled a "rifle or shotgun" away from an attacker and used it in self-defence.[36][37]

Suspects

Brenton Tarrant
Born1990 or 1991 (age 33–34)[38][39]
Australia
CitizenshipAustralian

Police Commissioner Mike Bush initially said that three men and one woman had been arrested in connection with the attacks at the two mosques.[13][40] All four were said to hold extremist views, but this has been confirmed only to one of them.[41][42] One of the suspects was earlier reported as having been wearing explosives. However, Bush rejected this. He also denied initial reports of a shooting at the Christchurch Hospital.[43][44] Officials believe no other suspects were involved.[35] The police later said one of the reported suspects had no relation to the attacks and was revealed to be a member of the public with a firearm who was trying to help police.[45] Only one suspect is charged with murder, while the roles of two armed suspects are still being determined. The police have not stated whether the same suspect was responsible for both shootings.[46]

Tarrant acquired a New Zealand category A gun license in November 2017 and started purchasing weapons in December 2017.[47] It is not possible to purchase the same weapons used in Australia.

Before the shooting, Tarrant posted a manifesto titled "The Great Replacement" (a reference to the white genocide conspiracy theory and its French variant) on the image board 8chan outlining his attack.[48][49][50][51] The manifesto says he chose New Zealand as the target two years earlier and had been planning the attack for three months.[52] In the manifesto he describes himself as a "racist" and "eco-fascist" concerned with global warming, as well as disliking modern conservatism and aligning his views with the Communist Party of China.[53][54] It expresses several anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant sentiments including hate speech against migrants, white supremacist rhetoric, and calls for Muslims "invading his land" to be killed primarily to “preserve the white race.[19][55][24] The manifesto includes references to high profile right-wing figures, internet memes and encourages people online to agree with the shooting and to create more memes.[21] These elements, along with the live streaming video, in which its viewers had cheered the attack on, gave the appearance that the attack was trolling, designed to create disagreements and anger between different groups, which is further supported by his reasoning for his choice of weapon, which was to violently escalate the American gun control debate.[56][57]

The author of the manifesto also labels himself a "kebab removalist", in reference to a meme on the internet regarding the genocide by the Bosnian Serb army against Bosnian Muslims.[21][24] In the manifesto the Kosovo conflict between Albanians and Serbs is mentioned and the gunman calls for a weakened USA to prevent it from any future situation to intervene or side with Muslims against Christian Europeans trying to remove "Islamic occupiers from Europe".[19][18] The gunman stated in his manifesto that he was inspired by a similar shooting done by Anders Behring Breivik in Norway, 2011.[18] Motivations for the attack are mentioned in the manifesto such as revenge for European civilians who were casualties in Islamic terror attacks within Europe.[48] In particular, the writer repeatedly mentions Ebba Åkerlund, a victim in the 2017 Stockholm truck attack.[48] Her name is also present on one of the guns in white writing.[citation needed] The shooter's Twitter account, which has since been suspended, showed firearms with the neo-Nazi symbol Black Sun and the Fourteen Words (which appeared in the manifesto), as well as the names of victims of terror attacks in the West scrawled on them.[failed verification][58]

Aftermath

Several diplomatic offices and foreign ministries released statements concerning the number of victims from their nations. The honorary consul of Bangladesh and Jordan's Foreign Affairs Ministry confirmed, respectively, that three Bangladeshis and two Jordanians were among the dead.[59] According to Asaduddin Owaisi, a Muslim parliamentarian from Hyderabad, two Indians were also killed.[60]

Survivors of the incidents were transported to nearby hospitals. Forty-eight people, including young children, with gunshot wounds were treated at Christchurch Hospital,[61][62] with more being transported to other hospitals within Christchurch and nationally.[63] Canterbury District Health Board (CDHB) activated its mass casualty plan.[61] A spokesperson said that they had found two improvised explosive devices in a single car and had disarmed one.[64]

The live stream was re-posted on many video streaming services including LiveLeak and YouTube.[65] Police, Muslim advocacy groups and government agencies urged anyone who finds the footage to take it down or report it.[66] Some media organisations in Australia and the United Kingdom broadcast parts of the live stream, up to the point the gunman entered the building, despite pleas from police not to show it.[67][68] Social sites including Facebook, YouTube, Reddit and Twitter, among others, stated they were working diligently to remove the video of the attack from their platforms, and stated that they would also remove anything supporting the attacks;[69][70] for example, Reddit took action to ban a subforum named "watchpeopledie" that praised the attackers.[71] Still, copies of the video were continually being uploaded on YouTube and Twitter.[72]

A number of schools near to the incidents were locked down in the wake of the event.[40] School strikers at the Global School Strike rally in Cathedral Square, near the two attacks, were advised to either seek refuge in public buildings or go home by police.[73][74] Authorities advised all mosques in the country to close until further notice and have sent police to secure all locations.[75] All Air New Zealand Link flights departing Christchurch Airport were cancelled as a precaution due to the absence of security screening.[76]

The Officials Committee for Domestic and External Security Co-ordination (ODESC) was convened to coordinate the government response. Prime minister Jacinda Ardern, who was on public engagements in New Plymouth, returned to Wellington by air to receive official advice.[77]

The third Test cricket match between New Zealand and Bangladesh, scheduled to be played at the Hagley Oval in Christchurch from 16 March, was cancelled because of security concerns.[78] The Bangladeshi team were about to attend the Al Noor Mosque and were moments from entering the building when the incident began.[79][80] The players then fled on foot to Hagley Oval.[81]

In Dunedin, the New Zealand Police's Armed Offenders Squad searched a house in Andersons Bay after the Christchurch mosque shooter indicated on social media that he had originally planned to target the city's Al Huda Mosque. Police have cordoned off part of the surrounding street and evacuated nearby residents. The University of Otago also postponed its 150th anniversary street parade which was scheduled for 16 March in response to security concerns.[82][83]

A Givealittle online fundraiser to support victims and their families raised over $400,000.[84]

Reactions

New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern called the incident an "act of extreme and unprecedented violence" and said "this is one of New Zealand's darkest days."[85][86][87] She also described it as a well planned terrorist attack.[63] For the first time in its history the terror threat level was lifted to high.[35] Christchurch mayor Lianne Dalziel never thought something like this could happen in New Zealand, saying "everyone is shocked".[63]

Queen Elizabeth II said she was "deeply saddened" by the attack: "Prince Philip and I send our condolences to the families and friends of those who have lost their lives".[88]

Many politicians and world leaders also expressed their sorrow at the attacks.[89] Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev expressed his sorrow in a letter sent to the New Zealand's Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern.[90]

Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison expressed support for New Zealand and condemned the shootings as a "violent, extremist, right-wing terrorist attack." He confirmed that an Australian had been detained as a suspect in connection with the attack.[91][92][93]

British Prime Minister Theresa May described the incident as a "horrifying terrorist attack", and said "my thoughts are with all of those affected by this sickening act of violence". It was also reported that the Home Secretary would hold talks with senior counterterrorism experts to review security at British mosques in the wake of the attack.[88]

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau expressed "deepest condolences" and stated that "Canada remembers too well the sorrow we felt when a senseless attack on the Centre culturel islamique de Québec in Ste-Foy claimed the lives of many innocent people gathered in prayer", referencing the Quebec City mosque shooting in 2017.[94]

U.S. President Donald Trump extended his "warmest sympathy and best wishes...to the people of New Zealand", and he and the FBI offered assistance to New Zealand.[95][96][97][98] This was after the New York Times reported that the shooter praised President Trump in his manifesto.[99] Former President Barack Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton offered condolences, and security at mosques around the United States was increased in response to the attacks.[100][101]

Swedish YouTuber PewDiePie, who was allegedly referenced by the perpetrators during the attack, posted on Twitter: "Just heard news of the devastating reports from New Zealand Christchurch. I feel absolutely sickened having my name uttered by this person. My heart and thoughts go out to the victims, families and everyone affected by this tragedy."[25][102]

Russian President Vladimir Putin sent Prime Minister of New Zealand Jacinda Ardern a message of condolences, saying "This attack on civilians who gathered for prayer is shocking in its violence and cynicism"[103]. The lighting of the Ostankino Tower in Moscow, the the tallest free-standing structure in Europe, was off one hour as a sign of mourning[104].

See also

References

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