Ischioanal fossa

Ischioanal fossa
The perineum. The integument and superficial layer of superficial fascia reflected. (Ischiorectal fossa labeled at bottom left.)
The posterior aspect of the rectum exposed by removing the lower part of the sacrum and the coccyx. (Ischiorectal fossa labeled at bottom right.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	fossa ischioanalis
TA98	A09.5.04.001
TA2	2446
FMA	22059
Anatomical terminology

The Ischiorectal Fossa (or ischioanal fossa) is somewhat prismatic in shape, with its base directed to the surface of the perineum, and its apex at the line of meeting of the obturator and anal fasciae.

Boundaries

It has the following boundaries:

	ANTERIOR the fascia of Colles covering the Transversus perinei superficialis, and the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm
LATERAL the tuberosity of the ischium and the obturator fascia		MEDIAL the Sphincter ani externus and the anal fascia
	POSTERIOR the Gluteus maximus and the sacrotuberous ligament

Crossings

Crossing the space transversely are the inferior hemorrhoidal vessels and nerves;

• at the back part are the perineal and perforating cutaneous branches of the pudendal plexus;
• while from the forepart the posterior scrotal (or labial) vessels and nerves emerge.

The internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve lie in Alcock's canal on the lateral wall.

The fossa is filled with fatty tissue across which numerous fibrous bands extend from side to side.

Additional images

• 
  Coronal section of anterior part of pelvis, through the pubic arch. Seen from in front.
• 
  The superficial branches of the internal pudendal artery.

External links

• Anatomy image: apmalefrontal4-8 at the College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University
• Anatomy photo:41:04-0103 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The Female Perineum: The Ischioanal Fossa"
• Anatomy image:9246 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
• Diagram at emory.edu

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 425 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)