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2019 Indian general election

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2019 Indian general election
← 2014 11 April – 19 May 2019 2024 →
← members
543 seats of Lok Sabha
272 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
 
Leader Narendra Modi Rahul Gandhi
Party BJP INC
Alliance NDA UPA
Leader since 13 September 2013 11 December 2017
Leader's seat Varanasi Amethi
Last election 282 44

A map showing the constituencies of the Lok Sabha

The 2019 Indian general election is scheduled to be held in seven phases from 11 April to 19 May 2019 to constitute the 17th Lok Sabha. The counting of votes will be conducted on 23 May, and on the same day the results will be declared.[1][2][3][4]

Legislative Assembly elections in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha and Sikkim will be held simultaneously with the general election.[5][6]

Electoral system

File:Loksabha Election 2019 ECI official logo Desh Ka Mahatyauhar.jpg
Official logo

The 543 elected MPs will be elected from single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. The President of India nominates an additional two members from the Anglo-Indian community if he believes the community is under-represented.[7]

Eligible voters must be Indian citizens, 18 or older, an ordinary resident of the polling area of the constituency and possess a valid voter identification card issued by the Election Commission of India. Some people convicted of electoral or other offences are barred from voting.[8]

Earlier there were speculations that the Modi Government might advance the 2019 general election to counter the anti-incumbency factor, however learning from its past blunder of preponing election made by Vajpayee Government it decided to go into election as per the normal schedule[9] which was announced by Election Commission of India (ECI) on 10 March 2019, after which Model Code of Conduct was applied with immediate effect.[10]

Election schedule

Election Dates of Indian General Election, 2019
Election schedule

The election is scheduled to be held in seven phases, with counting starting on 23 May. In Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, the election will be held in seven phases. The polling for the Anantanag constituency in the state of Jammu and Kashmir will be held in three phases, the first of its kind.

Phase Date Constituencies States and Union Territories
1 11 April 91 20 Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep
2 18 April 97 13 Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Puducherry
3 23 April 115 14 Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu
4 29 April 71 9 Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
5 6 May 51 7 Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
6 12 May 59 7 Bihar, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi
7 19 May 59 8 Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, West Bengal, Chandigarh, Uttar Pradesh

Campaign

On 12 January 2019, Indian prime minister Narendra Modi launched the Bharatiya Janata Party's election campaign, which sought a second term in government.[11] Commentators have suggested that Modi and BJP will base their campaign on Hindu nationalism, relative to their 2014 campaign, which had emphasised job creation and economic development.[12][13]

On the same day, both Mayawati (president of the Bahujan Samaj Party) and Akhilesh Yadav (president of the Samajwadi Party) announced an alliance to contest 76 seats out of the 80 in Uttar Pradesh and the alliance will not fight in Amethi and Rae Bareli as they are represented by Rahul Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi. The alliance did not include Congress, which Mayawati explained: "Including Congress in the alliance will hurt SP-BSP prospects as Congress's votes do not get transferred." The alliance was the second of its kind with a similar coalition formed 25 years ago in 1993.[14]

A number of issues are expected to be of importance in this election. These include the country's recent conflict with Pakistan, unemployment, and national security.[15]

Among the interventions by the EC was a ban on the use of images of Pulwama martyrs. Later, CEO Teeka Ram Meena put a ban on the use of issues related to the Sabarimala temple during the poll campaign.

Issues

Alleged undermining of democratic institutions and processes

Opposition parties have claimed that the NDA government is destroying democratic institutions and processes[16]. The judiciary[17], parliament, media, Reserve Bank of India[18], Central Bureau of Investigation[19], Right to Information Act[20] are claimed to have been undermined by the government. Opposition parties have campaigned heavily on this issue.[21]

In response, Modi termed the allegations "a big joke", commenting that Congress and the communists had themselves undermined institutions including the police, CBI and the CAG, and cited the murder of BJP activists in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.[22]

Citizenship amendment bill

Main article: Citizenship Amendment Bill 2016

The citizenship amendment bill brought to parliament plans to allow persecuted minorities of the countries born due to partition of British India (such as Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan) into Indian citizenship[23]. The bill has led to political backlash in Assam and caused unrest in other parts of India's northeast, with protests by ethnic Assamese groups.[24] On 7 January 2019, 70 organisations across Assam observed "Disgust Day" and protested the bill[25]. On 29 January 2019, 10 Northeast India political parties and National Democratic Alliance ally Janata Dal (United) met in Assam and decided to oppose the bill[26].

On 8 February 2019, Modi began a visit to three northeast states[27]. To protest against the bill, the All Assam Students Union raised slogans and raised black flags to prime minister Narendra Modi in Guwahati[28]. Due to protests, restrictions on assembly were imposed in Guwahati under Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure[29]. Asom Gana Parishad staged a march with torches. In March 2019, the Asom Gana Parishad returned to the BJP-led NDA and NEDA alliances.[30]

National security

Further information: India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2019) and 2019 Balakot airstrike

The country's ongoing conflict with Pakistan is predicted by CNN to be a significant factor in this election. In response to the 2019 Pulwama attack, the Indian Air Force conducted airstrikes inside Pakistan — for the first time since 1971.

The opposition accused Modi of politicising the army, whilst the BJP countered the accusation, alleging they were chipping away at the moral of India's armed forces.[31]

Unemployment

Main article: Unemployment in India

As of at least 7 February 2019, the NDA government denied the existence of any job crisis.[32] Prime minister Narendra Modi claimed that jobs are not lacking but data on jobs has been lacking.[33][34] Government has delayed releasing of the official report on unemployment.[35] Two government officials, including the acting chairperson of National Statistical Commission, resigned, protesting the withholding of the Annual Survey on Employment and Unemployment for the year 2017–18.[36] A leaked version of the report showed unemployment rate in India at a 45-year high during 2017–2018.[37] The government has claimed that the report was not final.[38]

Participating parties

Pre-election alliances

Note : Data given below is just for certain states and not the entire country.

National Democratic Alliance

Main articles: National Democratic Alliance (India) and List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election
Party States/UTs contested Seats
Contested Won
Bharatiya Janata Party Andhra Pradesh 25 437
Arunachal Pradesh 2
Assam 10
Bihar 17
Chhattisgarh 11
Goa 2
Gujarat 26
Haryana 10
Himachal Pradesh 4
Jammu and Kashmir[39] 6
Jharkhand 13
Karnataka 27
Kerala 14
Madhya Pradesh 29
Maharashtra 25
Manipur 2
Meghalaya 2
Mizoram[40] 1
Odisha 21
Punjab 3
Rajasthan 25
Sikkim 1
Tamil Nadu 5
Telangana 17
Tripura 2
Uttar Pradesh 78
Uttarakhand 5
West Bengal 42
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1
Chandigarh 1
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1
Daman and Diu 1
Delhi 7
Lakshadweep 1
Shiv Sena[41] Maharashtra 23
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[42] Tamil Nadu 20
Janata Dal (United)[43] Bihar 17
Shiromani Akali Dal[44] Punjab 10
Pattali Makkal Katchi[42] Tamil Nadu 7
Lok Janshakti Party[43] Bihar 6
Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Kerala 5
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam[45] Tamil Nadu 4
Asom Gana Parishad Assam 3
Apna Dal (Sonelal) Uttar Pradesh 2
All Jharkhand Students Union[46] Jharkhand 1
Puthiya Tamilagam[47] Tamil Nadu 1
Tamil Maanila Congress Tamil Nadu 1
Puthiya Needhi Katchi[48] Tamil Nadu 1
All India N.R. Congress[49] Puducherry 1
Bodoland People's Front[50] Assam 1
Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party Nagaland 1
Kerala Congress (Thomas)[51] Kerala 1
Sumalatha (Independent Candidate Supported By BJP) Karnataka 1
National Democratic Alliance 543 TBA

United Progressive Alliance

Main articles: United Progressive Alliance and List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election
Party States/UTs contested Seats
Contested Won
Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 25 424
Arunachal Pradesh 2
Assam 14
Bihar 9
Chhattisgarh 11
Goa 2
Gujarat 26
Haryana 10
Himachal Pradesh 4
Jammu and Kashmir 5
Jharkhand 7
Karnataka 20
Kerala 16
Madhya Pradesh 29
Maharashtra[52] 24
Manipur 2
Meghalaya 2
Mizoram 1
Nagaland 1
Odisha 21
Punjab 13
Rajasthan 25
Sikkim 1
Tamil Nadu 9
Telangana 17
Tripura 2
Uttar Pradesh[53] 66
Uttarakhand 5
West Bengal 42
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1
Chandigarh 1
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1
Daman and Diu 1
Delhi 7
Lakshadweep 1
Puducherry 1
Nationalist Congress Party[52] Maharashtra 20
Swabhimani Shetkari Saghtana[52] Maharashtra 2
Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi[52] Maharashtra 1
Yuva Swabhimani Paksha[52] Maharashtra 1
Janata Dal (Secular)[54] Karnataka 8
Support to SP-BSP-RLD alliance[53] Uttar Pradesh 7
Jan Adhikar Party[53] Uttar Pradesh 5
Apna Dal (Krishna Patel)[53] Uttar Pradesh 2
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha[55] Jharkhand 4
Jahrkhand Vikas Morcha[55] Jharkhand 2
Rashtriya Janata Dal Bihar 20 21
Jharkhand 1
Rashtriya Lok Samta Party Bihar 5
Hindustani Awam Morcha Bihar 3
Vikassheel Insaan Party Bihar 3
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[56] Tamil Nadu 20
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[56] Tamil Nadu 1
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (State level)[56] Tamil Nadu 2
Communist Party of India (State level)[56] Tamil Nadu 2
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi[56] Tamil Nadu 2
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi[56] Tamil Nadu 1
Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi[56] Tamil Nadu 1
Indian Union Muslim League[56] Kerala 2 3
Tamil Nadu 1
Kerala Congress (M) Kerala 1
Revolutionary Socialist Party (State level)[57] Kerala 1
National Conference (supported by UPA in Srinagar) Jammu and Kashmir 1
United Progressive Alliance TBA TBA

Mahagathbandhan (Grand Alliance)

Main article: Mahagathbandhan

Mahagathbandhan (Grand Alliance) under leadership of Mayawati led Bahujan Samaj Party is contesting in different states of India.[58][59][60][61][62][63] In 2014, Bahujan Samaj Party was third most voted national political party in India[64] and in 2019 it is one of the main challenger of Modi led National Democratic Alliance.[65]

Party States/UTs contested Seats
Contested Won
Bahujan Samaj Party [14] Andhra Pradesh 3 TBA
Bihar 40
Haryana 8
Karnataka 28
Madhya Pradesh 26
Maharashtra TBA
Punjab 3
Rajasthan 25
Telangana TBA
Uttar Pradesh 38
Uttarakhand 4
Samajwadi Party[14] Madhya Pradesh 3 TBA
Maharashtra TBA
Uttar Pradesh 37
Uttarakhand 1
Rashtriya Lok Dal Uttar Pradesh 3
Loktantra Suraksha Party[66] Haryana 2
Punjabi Ekta Party[67] Punjab 3
Lok Insaaf Party[67] Punjab 3
Punjab Front[67] Punjab 1
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (State level) Andhra Pradesh 2 4
Telangana 2
Communist Party of India (State level)[67] Andhra Pradesh 2 TBA
Punjab 1
Telangana TBA
Revolutionary Marxist Party of India (State level)[67] Punjab 1
Janta Congress Chhattisgarh[68] Chhattisgarh TBA
Jana Sena Party[69] Andhra Pradesh 18 TBA
Telangana TBA

Left Front

Main articles: Left Front and List of Left Front candidates in the 2019 Indian general election
Party States/UTs contested Seats
Contested Won
Communist Party of India (Marxist)[70] Assam 2 TBA
Bihar 1
Haryana 1
Himachal Pradesh 1
Jharkhand 1
Karnataka 1
Kerala 16
Madhya Pradesh 1
Maharashtra 1
Odisha 1
Tripura 2
Uttarakhand 1
West Bengal 29
Lakshadweep 1
Communist Party of India Bihar TBA TBA
Kerala 4
West Bengal 3
Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation Bihar 4
Revolutionary Socialist Party West Bengal 3
All India Forward Bloc West Bengal 3
Left Front TBA TBA

Federal Front

Main article: Federal Front

Federal front is led by Mamata Banerjee's All India Trinamool Congress.[71][72][73][74]

Party States/UTs contested Seats
Contested Won
All India Trinamool Congress[14] Assam 6 70
Bihar 2
Jharkhand 3
Odisha 10
Tamil Nadu 7
West Bengal 42

Parties running alone

Note : Data given below is just for certain states and not the entire country.

Main article: Other parties
Party States/UTs contested Seats
Contested Won
YSR Congress Party Andhra Pradesh 25 42
Telangana 0
Telugu Desam Party Andhra Pradesh 25 42
Telangana 0
Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh Maharashtra TBA
Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam Puducherry 1 39
Tamil Nadu 38
Makkal Needhi Maiam Puducherry 1 40
Tamil Nadu 39
Biju Janata Dal Odisha 21
Telangana Rashtra Samithi Telangana 16
Social Democratic Party of India Tamil Nadu 1
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen Maharashtra TBA TBA
Telangana 1
Naam Tamilar Katchi Puducherry 1 40
Tamil Nadu 39
rowspan="4" bgcolor="Template:Aam Aadmi Party/meta/color"| Aam Aadmi Party Delhi 7 TBA
Bihar 3
Haryana TBA
Punjab TBA
Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya) Uttar Pradesh 79 TBA
Uttarakhand 1
Bihar 3
Chhattisgarh 1
Delhi 2
Haryana 1
Karnatak 2
Madhya Pradesh 2
Odisha 2
Jammu and Kashmir 1
Tamilanadu 2
Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Jammu and Kashmir 4
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Jammu and Kashmir 4
National People's Party Assam 5 TBA
Arunachal Pradesh TBA
Manipur 1
Mizoram 1
Other parties TBA TBA

Independents

Main article: Independent politicians
Party States/UTs contested Seats
Contested Won
None Andhra Pradesh TBA TBA
Arunachal Pradesh TBA
Assam TBA
Bihar TBA
Chhattisgarh TBA
Goa TBA
Gujarat TBA
Haryana TBA
Himachal Pradesh TBA
Jammu and Kashmir TBA
Jharkhand TBA
Karnataka TBA
Kerala TBA
Madhya Pradesh TBA
Maharashtra TBA
Manipur TBA
Meghalaya TBA
Mizoram TBA
Nagaland TBA
Odisha TBA
Punjab TBA
Rajasthan TBA
Sikkim TBA
Tamil Nadu TBA
Telangana TBA
Tripura TBA
Uttar Pradesh TBA
Uttarakhand TBA
West Bengal TBA
Andaman and Nicobar Islands TBA
Chandigarh TBA
Dadra and Nagar Haveli TBA
Daman and Diu TBA
Delhi TBA
Lakshadweep TBA
Puducherry TBA
Independent politicians TBA TBA

Opinion polling

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2019 Indian general election

Various organisations have carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in India. Results of such polls are displayed in this list. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous general election, held in April and May 2014, to the present day.

Date published Polling agency style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color"| style="background:Template:United Progressive Alliance/meta/color"| Others Leadα Majority
NDA UPA
Mar 2019 Times Now-VMR 283 135 125 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |148 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |11
Mar 2019 News Nation 273 133 137 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |136 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |1
Mar 2019 ABP News – C voter 264 141 138 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |123 Hung
Mar 2019 IndiaTV-CNX 285 126 132 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |159 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |13
Mar 2019 Zee 24 Taas 264 165 114 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |99 Hung
Feb 2019 VDP Associates 242 148 153 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |94 Hung
Jan 2019 Times Now-VMR 252 147 144 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |105 Hung
Jan 2019 ABP News -Cvoter 233 167 143 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |66 Hung
Jan 2019 India Today -Karvy 237 166 140 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |67 Hung
Jan 2019 VDP Associates 225 167 150 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |58 Hung
Dec 2018 India Today 257 146 140 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |111 Hung
Dec 2018 ABP News – C Voter 247 171 125 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |76 Hung
Dec 2018 India TV – CNX 281 124 138 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |157 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |9
Nov 2018 ABP News – C Voter 261 119 163 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |142 Hung
Oct 2018 ABP News 276 112 155 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |164 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |4
Aug 2018 India Today- Karvy 281 122 140 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |159 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |9
May 2018 ABP News-CSDS 274 164 105 style="background:Template:Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color; color:white" " |110 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |2
Jan 2018 Republic-CVoter 335 89 119 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |246 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |63
Jan 2018 India Today 309 102 132 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |207 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |37
April–May 2014 General election results 336 60 113 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |276 style="background:Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color; color:white" |64

See also

Notes

α.^ Only formally announced alliances used to calculate lead. Others / non allied parties not used in calculation.

References

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