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Branston, Lincolnshire

Coordinates: 53°11′40″N 0°28′18″W / 53.1944°N 0.4717°W / 53.1944; -0.4717
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Branston
All Saints' Church in 2005
Branston is located in Lincolnshire
Branston
Branston
Location within Lincolnshire
Population4,019 (2001 Census)
OS grid referenceTF021673
• London120 mi (190 km) S
Civil parish
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townLINCOLN
Postcode districtLN4
Dialling code01522
PoliceLincolnshire
FireLincolnshire
AmbulanceEast Midlands
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Lincolnshire
53°11′40″N 0°28′18″W / 53.1944°N 0.4717°W / 53.1944; -0.4717

Branston is a large village in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The village is situated approximately 4 miles (6 km) south-east from the city and county town of Lincoln. It is the principal settlement in the civil parish of Branston and Mere, population 4,019 (in the 2001 Census[1]).[2]

History

Neolithic and Bronze Age axes have been found in the village. 10 Bronze Age axes were found on the grounds of Branston Hall in 1906.[3] Evidence has also been found of a Roman villa or villa farm near Folly Lane: a Roman memorial stone, part of a statue, a bronze candlestick and pottery fragments (photographs here [4]).[5][6][7] The inscription on the Roman memorial stone is incomplete but has been translated as 'In this estate (lie the bones of) Aurelia Concessa, a very pure girl'.[4]

The 1086 Domesday Book records a village population as 350, a figure which stayed relatively stable until the 19th century. In the 19th century the population almost tripled, rising to 1216 in 1901.[8] In the 20th century the population trebled further, to exceed 4000. The character of the village changed much over the second half of the 20th Century but Branston has retained much of its historic centre, where the majority of buildings are constructed from local limestone.[2][9][10]

The 'Bran' in 'Branston' may refer to a leader with the Norse name 'Brandr',[8] in which case the name was likely coined during the Danelaw in the 9th-11th centuries, or it could be from the same Saxon root as 'bourne' in old English and 'burn' in Scots, referring to the three streams in the village. [11] 'ton' was a Saxon suffix indicating a village or town. In the Domesday book it is listed as Branztune or Branztone.[12] In the Norman Conquest, land in Branston was passed from Haminc (Hemming, Thegn of Blankney) to Walter de Aincurt (a Norman Baron and kinsman of Remigius de Fécamp).[13] In 1219 the De Aincurt estate passed from Oliver De Aincurt to his wife Amabila Camville, who remarried to Henry Le Eueske.[14][15] Farming in Branston followed an open-field system, with commons for grazing, until Enclosure in 1765.[16]

The village's most notable buildings are Branston Hall, built 1884-86[17] and Branston All Saints' Church (parts dating to the 11th century).[18][6] Branston Hall was preceded by Branston old hall, dating to 1735, which burnt down in 1903 (refer to Branston Hall article for more information). There was also a major fire at Branston All Saints Church on Christmas day in 1962.[19]

Other historic buildings include a rectory house, built in 1765, and a Wesleyan Methodist chapel, built in 1883, which is of Gothic style, previously seated 300 and closed in 1998.[20] An earlier Methodist chapel, beside it, became a sunday school. A former public primary school on Branston High Street was built in 1873, and preceded by a fee-paying school on Hall Lane, built in 1837.[21] Opposite the church still stands a blacksmith's forge.

19thC water pump on Waterwheel Lane in 2010

Two other public houses were once located in the village; The Plough which stood on the High Street opposite the Waggon and Horses, which was demolished in the 1970s to straighten a dangerous bend at the centre of the village, and the Bertie Arms, a small public house on Rectory Lane, long ago converted into a private dwelling.[9] The Bertie Arms was named after the family which built Branston old hall. The building now occupied by the Home Guard Club was formerly a hops store. 19th century communal water pumps have been preserved on the Hall Lane and Waterwheel Lane.[22] The village used to have a railway station which was in the parish of Heighington.[23] Before then, Station Road was called Heighington Road. Silver Street was formerly known as Bleak Street.[19]

A war memorial to men of the parish killed in the First World War was erected on the village green in 1920.[24]

The civil parish of Branston was merged with that of Mere to form the present unit in 1931.[25] In the early 1930s parish occupations included twenty-one farmers and one smallholder, two poultry breeders, a horse dealer, a haulage contractor, two coal dealers, a motor bus proprietor, a cycle dealer, a fried fish dealer, three blacksmiths, a wheelwright, a plumber, two carpenters, a boot maker, two butchers, two grocers, three shopkeepers, two tailors, one of whom ran the post office, and four pub landlords.[24]

Abel Smith Gardens was built on former allotments. In July 1977 more than fifty children from the junior school had to go to Lincoln County Hospital after a crop spraying aircraft inadvertently sprayed their playground. The insecticide was a mixture of meta-systox and aphox; organophosphate and carbamate compounds designed to clear crops of aphids.[26] A hotel called Moor Lodge Hotel stood on Moor Lane until it was recently demolished to make way for housing.

Branston Jungle Local Nature Reserve in December 2016, alder, sallow and birch trees and much common reed

Geography and ecology

Main article: Branston and Mere

The village of Branston is on the B1188 road, from Lincoln to Sleaford. It is built around the shallow valleys of three limestone streams, all of which originate within 3 miles of the village, before merging and flowing northwards toward Washingborough, to join the River Witham. One originates at Westfield Farm, another at Mere Farm and another near Highfield House. Smaller freshwater springs have been found in the valleys.

Most of the village is around 45m above sea level.[27] The bedrock under the village is Jurassic limestone. Fossils found in Branston are mostly marine animals, including ammonites, crinoids and coral, reflecting the fact that the county was under the sea for much of prehistory. Arable farmland now dominates the surrounding countryside. The main crops are wheat, barley and potatoes. Sheep and horses are also raised in the village. Wildlife found in the arable fields includes barn owl, linnet and northern lapwing.

Caltha palustris, one of many native wildflowers found in Branston Jungle Local Nature Reserve

A marsh occupies the valley in the middle of the village, part of which is designated a local nature reserve. The marsh is fed by two of the village streams but also probably by freshwater springs. Wildlife found in the local nature reserve, known as Branston Jungle, includes water rail, common frog, blackcap, hops, yellow flag iris and alder. Woodlands surrounding Branston Hall Hotel and within the boundary of the Village Conservation Area feature rare plants as well as tawny owls, stoats and jays.

Since 2014, part of the cemetery on Branston High Street has been converted into a wildflower meadow, which is traditionally managed by the Branston and Mere Parish Council. Unusual plant species in the meadow include Scabiosa columbaria, Stachys officinalis, Clinopodium vulgare and Rhinanthus minor. Some of these species were historically wiped out in the Branston area due to changing farming practices and now cannot be found anywhere else around the village. Animals observed in the wildflower meadow include vole, common toad and grey partridge.

Amenities

Signpost in Branston

Branston has one public house, the Waggon and Horses, a modern building which stands on the High Street close to the historic centre of the village. About 110 yards (100 m) farther along the High Street is the Home Guard Club, a private members club.[28] The bar at Branston Hall Hotel is open to visitors and residents. There are two cafés on the High Street and a supermarket on Station Road. There are three takeaway restaurants. Social activities take place at the Church Hall on Church Hill as well as at the Village Hall on Lincoln Road.

Public recreation grounds can be found on Lincoln Road and Moor Lane. There are tennis courts, a skate park and lawns for bowls. Herons Fitness operate a swimming pool at Branston Community Academy. Pottergate Golf Club is on Moor Lane.[29] There are three hairdressers, beauty salons and a spa. In the village there are social clubs for knitting, gardening and Lego construction. An annual garden show takes place at the Village Hall on Lincoln Road and there is a Christmas Market each winter, located close to the church.

There are two doctors' surgeries in the village; one on Station Road and the other on Beech Road. Lincoln County Hospital is only five miles away. Creche facilities are available at the Infant School and on the grounds of Branston Community Academy. Also at Branston Community Academy secondary school, there is a medium-sized public library run by volunteers. Branston All Saints Church is a Protestant Christian place of worship.

Education

Branston C of E Infant School is located on Beech Road, to the northern end of the village. Branston Junior School is located on Station Road, close to the Co-op supermarket. Branston's secondary school is Branston Community Academy, situated on the outskirts of the village on the road to Heighington; the public library is situated in the school. Further education opportunities include Branston Community Academy Sixth Form and Lincoln College. Due to the concentration of schools in the village, children travel to Branston for school from many nearby villages. The nearest Higher Education institutions are the University of Lincoln and Bishop Grosseteste University (four and five miles away, respectively).

Economy

Although most of the community are employed in the nearby city of Lincoln, Branston is the location for the national headquarters of Branston Potatoes, a potato processing company, which founded in 1968 and employs 600 people nationwide as of 2018. [30] The three schools in the village also provide a lot of employment. Branston Pickle is named after Branston in Staffordshire, where it was originally made, and not the village in Lincolnshire.[31]

A 94 hectare 'solar park' is due to be built between Mere Road and Sleaford Road, to generate electricity for the National Grid. It is estimated that it will produce enough electricity to power 15,000 homes. Planning permission is temporary, for 35 years, after which time it may be dismantled and returned to agricultural use.[32]

There has been a recent decline in retail businesses in the village, despite population growth. Since 1990 Branston has lost all its newsagents and post offices, as well as its hardware store and greengrocer. Other business history listed here.[33]

Formerly, the local economy was based around wool production, as evidenced by the remains of the Sheepwash on Rectory Lane and the name of Dye House Farm. Wool and other goods were transported to the River Witham along Branston Causeway. In 2016 the artist James Sutton was commissioned by the Branston Christmas Market Committee and Branston History Group to produce a metal sculpture called 'Lincoln Longwool Sheep Heading for the Sheepwash', located on the High Street, to commemorate this past and a local variety of sheep, which has the longest fleece of any breed in the world.[34] Wool production became uneconomical for most of the United Kingdom in the mid-20th century, due to cheap imports, and farmland in Lincolnshire transitioned away from mixed farming, to specialising in arable cropping, over the same period.

References

  1. ^ "Neighbourhood statistics". 2001 census. Office for national statistics. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  2. ^ a b "Branston and Mere parish council". Lincolnshire county council. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  3. ^ Boughton, Dot. "The Early Iron Age socketed axes in Britain (2015 UCLan PhD thesis)". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ a b "Branston". www.slha.org.uk.
  5. ^ "Aurelia Concessa – Branston's virtuous girl". 31 May 2017.
  6. ^ a b Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; Antram, Nicholas (22 November 1989). "Lincolnshire". Yale University Press – via Google Books.
  7. ^ "Branston Church & Village History » Rod Collins".
  8. ^ a b "Heritage Gateway - Results". www.heritagegateway.org.uk.
  9. ^ a b "Welcome to the Branston History Group website". Branston History Group. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  10. ^ "History of Branston, in North Kesteven and Lincolnshire". a vision of Britain through time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth.
  11. ^ Bailey, Nathan (22 November 2018). "The universal etymological English dictionary". J. and J. Knapton, D. Midwinter and A. Ward, A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch [and 8 others] – via Google Books.
  12. ^ "Parish History" (PDF).
  13. ^ "Hemming 5". www.pase.ac.uk.
  14. ^ "Appendix: Additions to volume 1 - British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk.
  15. ^ Salter, Patti Lee. "Amabila Camville (± 1182-????) » Ancestral Trails 2016 » Genealogie Online". Genealogie Online.
  16. ^ Parish Plan
  17. ^ Historic England. "BRANSTON HALL AND OUTBUILDINGS (192299)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  18. ^ Historic England. "All Saints Church (349378)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  19. ^ a b "Parish Plan" (PDF).
  20. ^ "Lincolnshire Archives]" (PDF).
  21. ^ "Branston History Group - History of Primary Education in Branston".
  22. ^ Branston & Mere Parish Council - Village Pump, Hall Lane
  23. ^ Historic England. "Branston and Heighington railway station (506987)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  24. ^ a b Kelly's Directory of Lincolnshire 1933, p.103
  25. ^ "Branston and Mere CP through time, Census tables with data for the Parish-level Unit,". A Vision of Britain through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  26. ^ "AERIAL CROP SPRAYING: BRANSTON INCIDENT". Hansard. House of Lords debates. 386: 612–4. 22 July 1977. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  27. ^ Lincoln:Sleaford, Metheringham & Navenby (Map) (A1 ed.). 1:25 000. OS Explorer. Ordnance survey of Great Britain. 3 April 2006. § 272. ISBN 9780319238202.
  28. ^ "Branston Home Guard Social Club".
  29. ^ "Branston golf club". Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  30. ^ Ltd, Insider Media. "Profits dip at major potato supplier".
  31. ^ "Branston Pickle History - Branston".
  32. ^ "New solar park approved in Branston". 20 February 2018.
  33. ^ [1] Branston History Group
  34. ^ Surface. "New artwork unveiled for Branston heritage trail - artsNK". www.artsnk.org.
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