List of capitals of India

Early period

Begram and Mathura: Summer and winter capitals respectively of the Kushan Empire
Amaravati and Pratishthānapura: Capitals of Satavahana Empire
Kannauj: Capital of Harshavardhana's short lived empire; also of Pratiharas.
Manyakheta, Avanti: Capitals of Rashtrakuta Dynasty and Pratihara Empire respectively.
Gadhipur: centre of administration of the Gupta dynasty. Capital under Jamwal kings Gaadhi and Vishwamitra.
Puhar: Capital of Early Cholas.
Madurai: Capital of Pandyas
Gauḍa: Capital of Pala dynasty along with Pataliputra
Sigal: First capital of the Sakas 70bce-400
Taxila: Second capital of the Sakas 70bce-400
Mathura: Third capital of the Sakas 70bce-400
Sagala: Capital of the Indo-Greeks
Bhinmal: Capital of Gurjara Empire

Punjab:

Daulatabad: In 1327, Tughlaq dynasty, under Muhammad bin Tughluq (r. 1325-1351), forcibly moved the entire population of Delhi here, for two years, before it was abandoned due to lack of water.
Ghor: Capital of Ghurid Sultanate
Badaun: Capital of Iltutmish empire.
Agra: Capital of Sikandar lodhi at the time of lodhi dynasty. Sultan Sikandar Lodī (1488–1517) was the first to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in 1506.
Vijayanagara: Capital of Vijayanagara Empire from 1571 until 1585, when it was abandoned, ostensibly due to lack of water.
Kanchipuram Capital of Pallavas
Thanjavur: Capital of Cholas
Allahabad: The city was a provincial capital in the Mughal Empire and was the headquarters of Jahangir from 1599 to 1604.^[1]
Murshidabad: In 1704, nawab Murshid Quli Khan changed the seat of government from Dhaka to Murshidabad, renaming it after himself.
Pune: In 1730, Pune became the seat of the Peshwa of Maratha Empire.
Munger: Mir Qasim Ali, the Nawab of Bengal (from 1760 to 1764). In 1763, Quasim shifted his capital from Murshidabad to Munger.
Patna: Sher Shah Suri's capital for brief period of 5 years

In 1858, Allahabad became the capital of India for a day when it also served as the capital of North-Western Provinces.^[2]
During the British Raj, until 1911, Calcutta was the capital of India.^[3]
By the latter half of the 19th century Shimla had become the summer capital.^[4]
King George V proclaimed the transfer of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi at the climax of the 1911 Imperial Durbar on 12 December 1911. The buildings housing the Viceroy, government and parliament were inaugurated in early 1931.^{[citation needed]}

^ Pletcher, Kenneth (15 August 2010). The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 128. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
^ Ashutosh Joshi (1 January 2008). Town Planning Regeneration of Cities. New India Publishing. p. 237. ISBN 8189422820.
^ Hall, Peter (2002). Cities of tomorrow. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 198–206. ISBN 0-631-23252-4.
^ Charles Allen, Kipling Sahib, London, Little Brown, 2007