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Timeline of South Asian and diasporic LGBT history

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This is a timeline of notable events in the history of non-heterosexual conforming people of South Asian ancestry, who may identify as LGBTIQGNC (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, third gender, gender nonconforming), men who have sex with men, or related culturally-specific identities[1] such as Hijra, Aravani, Thirunangaigal, Khwajasara, Kothi, Thirunambigal, Jogappa, Jogatha, or Shiva Shakti.[2][3] The recorded history traces back at least two millennia.

This timeline includes events both in South Asia and in the global South Asian diaspora, as the histories are deeply linked.[4][5] South Asia includes the modern day nations of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka; in some references, the South Asian subcontinent will also include Afghanistan, Burma (Myanmar), and Tibet. The South Asian diaspora includes, but is not limited to South Asian LGBTQ communities in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Caribbean Islands, Southeast Asia, and elsewhere.

Early history

400 BCE - 200 BCE

  • Vatsyayana's The Kama Sutra devotes an entire chapter to homosexuality with explicit detailed instructions on how to perform homosexual acts.[6]

3rd century BC to c. 4th century AD

1015

  • Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, who was the first Muslim ruler of the Indian subcontinent, has a non-sexual close friendship with his slave Malik Ayaz. This relationship has become an Islamic legend and Mahmud later appointed Malik Ayaz as the sultan of Lahore.[8][9][10]

~1529

  • Emperor Babur's memoirs, the Baburnama, include a recollection of his erotic love for a teenage boy.[6]

1538

  • Shah Hussain, a Punjabi Sufi poet regarded as a saint, was described as being close relationship with a Brahmin boy called "Madho" or "Madho Lal". They are often referred to as a single person with the composite name "Madho Lal Hussain". But no mention of sexual relations or homosexual tendencies are made.[11]

1740s

  • Dargah Quli Khan's personal diary Muraqqa-e-Delhi: The Mughal Capital in Muhammad Shah's Time "briefly documents his foray into the pederastic circles of Delhi."[6][12]

1750-1830

  • Emergence of Rekhti chapti-namahs, or female same-sex narratives, in Urdu poetry.[13]

1861

  • Anti-sodomy section of Offences against the Person Act 1861 imposed on entire British Empire, that says "Whosoever shall be convicted of the abominable Crime of Buggery, committed either with Mankind or with any Animal, shall be liable, at the Discretion of the Court, to be kept in Penal Servitude for Life or for any Term not less than Ten Years." This section is credited with giving birth to the controversial Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code.[14]

1871

1897

  • Criminal Tribes Act of 1871 amended, with the subtitle "An Act for the Registration of Criminal Tribes and Eunuchs," ordering that "criminal" eunuchs “dressed or ornamented like a woman in a public street…be arrested without warrant” and imprisoned.[16][17][18][19]

1918

  • United States Earliest known records of South Asian MSM in North America, as Tara Singh and Jamil Singh are separately arrested for interracial sodomy in Sacramento, CA.[20]

1922

  • Poems Written in Prison by Gopabandhu Das, a freedom fighter and Gandhian, is published. At least two poems address male friends and co-workers, and the author describes these relationships in terms that are intense and erotically charged though not overtly sexual. These poems are sometimes included in Odia language literature textbooks.[21]

1924

  • "Chocolate", a short story in Hindi written by nationalist and social reformer Pandey Bechan Sharma (under the penname Ugra), is published in the nationalist newspaper Matvala. Ugra's crusade against male-to-male sex sparks debate in Hindi newspapers and magazines, resulting in perhaps the first public debate in Hindi on homosexuality.[21][22]

1929

1936

  • Urdu poet Firaq Gorakhpuri writes an essay defending the Ghazal form of poetry that includes a defence of homosexuality, citing renowned philosophers, poets and other luminaries across the East and the West who were homosexual or had expressed homosexual desire in well-known works.[21]

1942

1944

1945

  • Ismat Chughtai publishes her semi-autobiographical Tehri Lakeer ("The Crooked Line"), an Urdu novel that does not shy away from sexuality and depiction of same-sex attraction.[21]

1962

  • India Rajendra Yadav, a leading Hindi novelist, publishes his story "Prateeksha" ("Waiting") that depicts a homosexual relation between two women without censure and in detail.[21]

1968

  • India Bhupen Khakhar, a painter and writer of Gujarati fiction, as one of the few openly homosexual luminaries, writes an untitled story depicting bisexuality in a quotidian, lower middle-class context.[21]

1970s

~1970s

  • India Gay Scene journal published in Calcutta (only a few issues published)[21]

1972

  • India Indian poet Kamala Das first published her semi-fictionalized autobiography My Story in 1972, creating a minor scandal. The autobiography revealed her extramarital heterosexual affairs and her adolescent crush on a female teacher and a brief lesbian encounter with an older student.[6][24]

1974

  • India Malayalam novel Randu Penkuttikal ("Two Girls") by V. T. Nandakumar is published in India. The novel gives a positive picture of lesbian relationships in Kerala, and became very popular among young women.[21]

1976

  • India Indian poet Kamala Das published My Story in 1976, creating a minor scandal. The autobiography revealed her extramarital heterosexual affairs and her adolescent crush on a female teacher and a brief lesbian encounter with an older student.[6]

1978

1979

  • India Begum Barve, a Marathi play written and directed by Satish Alekar, is performed for the first time by Theatre Academy, Pune, at Shriram Centre in New Delhi. Begum Barve, the central character, plays female parts and desires to live a woman's life.[21]
  • India The story "A Double Life" by well known Rajasthani author Vijay Dan Detha is published, depicting a romantic-sexual relationship between two women "married" to each other in rural Rajasthan.[21]

1980s

Late 1970s / early 1980s

  • India Partner, a one-act play written by Dr. Anand Nadkarni, explores the relationship between two male hostel inmates in love, and the complications when one of them gets married[21]
  • India Two college students in love, Mallika and Lalitatambika, attempt suicide.[27]
  • India The Delhi Group formed; Red Rose Rendezvous Group started. Indian women in Delhi active in creating spaces, dialogue, or research: Giti, Kanchana, Gita, Abha, and Paola[27]

1981

  • India All-India Hijra Conference in Agra brings together over 50,000 hijras from across South Asia.[28]
  • India "Mitrachi Goshta", a lesbian theme play in Marathi written by eminent playwright Vijay Tendulkar opens in Mumbai and Thane. The play portrays the inner conflict of a woman who realizes she is lesbian. It was well received, and ran for 26 shows. (August 15)[21]

1982/1983/1984

  • New Zealand Uma, a New Zealand lesbian of Indian descent interviewed in Conexions: Global Context issue 10. Uma established first Lesbian Line in Australia in the early 1980s, and later served on ILGA World Board as the Regional Representative of Oceania.[29][30][31]
  • United Kingdom Article in Spare Rib, a grassroots British feminist magazine, "...NO, WE NEVER GO OUT OF FASHION ... FOR EACH OTHER!" Interview with Audre Lorde, Dorothea, Jackie Kay and Uma.[32]
  • Vikram Seth writes in the poem "Dubious," which appears in his first collection Mappings, about bisexuality: "In the strict ranks of Gay and Straight / What is my status? / Stray? or Great?"[33]

1984

  • Canada Zami, first Canadian group formed for Black and West Indian gays and lesbians (Toronto).[34]

1985

1986

1987

  • IndiaSneha Sangam gay group forms in Bangalore
  • India Society magazine in India prints a story about Trikone (Jan)[citation needed]
  • Canada Khush, an organization that created safe spaces for South Asian gays and lesbians in Toronto was formed (July).[49][50][51][52]
  • United States Trikon becomes incorporated as Trikone (Nov)[citation needed]
  • IndiaBhopal policewomen Lila and Urmila marry with religious priest and get fired from police job (Dec)[53]
  • India Village teachers Aruna Sombhai Jaisinghbhai Gohil, aged 31, and Sudha Amarsinh Mohansinh Ratanwadia, aged 29, entered maitri karar (friendship agreement) before a notary public in 1987 after nine years together[27]
  • Books
    • Between the Lines: An Anthology by Pacific/Asian lesbians of Santa Cruz, California includes Anu's chapter "Sexuality, Lesbianism, and South Asian Feminism"[35]

1988

  • Shakti formed in London by Anjali Goplan - the first South Asian LGBTTQ organisation in Europe (June)[54]
  • India Trikone (San Francisco), Khush (Toronto), Shakti (London) and Urvashi Vaid make the Illustrated Weekly of India.[55] (September)
  • United Kingdom First Shakti Bhangra disco in London organised by Shivananda Khan and Poulomi Desai (Oct)[56][57]
  • Gita Darji and Kishori Shah RIP[27]

1989

1990s

1990

  • India Red Rose Meetings start in New Delhi for gay men[70][71]
  • Indian lesbians attend Asian Lesbian Network conference in Bangkok[27]
  • Canada Alliance for South Asian AIDS Prevention founded[52]
  • India Lila's father files case under Section 377 against Lila's partner Tarulata who underwent FTM sex change to marry Lila Chavda in 1989 (Apr)[72]
  • United States Shamakami newsletter for South Asian lesbian and bi women comes out (Jun)[38][73]
  • India India's first gay magazine, Bombay Dost, founded by Ashok Row Kavi (Jun)[38]
  • India Freedom newsletter published in Gulbarga (Sep)[38]
  • India Fun Club starts in Calcutta to organize social gatherings (Dec)[74][75]
  • Canada Desh Pardesh (1990 - 2001, multidisciplinary queer South Asian arts festival in Toronto, ON). See citation for oral history project about the festival.[76][77]
  • Vandana Cibbal and Simmi Kapoor RIP[27]
  • Films:
  • Books:

1991

  • United States South Asian Gay Association in New York City changes name to South Asian Lesbian Gay Association((SALGA) as more women joinFeb)[67]
  • India Sakhi formed in New Delhi (Jul)[81][82]
  • Canada Salaam (Queer Muslims in Canada) founded by El-Farouk Khaki in Toronto[52]
  • United Kingdom Naz Project formed in London by Shivanandan Khan and Poulomi Desai (Oct)[83]
  • India AIDS Bhedbhav Virodhi Andolan (ABVA) publishes Less than Gay, the first citizen's report on homosexuality in India (Nov)[84]
  • India Pravartak published in Calcutta[38][70]
  • Books:
    • Khush: An Investigation into South Asian Lesbians and Gay Men and Their Lives edited by Shivananda Khan and Pratibha Parmar, and SHAKTI, published in London by the Naz Project[85][86]
  • Films:
    • Bolo! Bolo! By Gita Saxena and Ian Rashid[87]
    • Eunuchs – India’s Third Gender by Michael Yorke for BBC[88]
    • Khush – landmark doc by Pratibha Parmar[89]
    • Khush Refugees by Nidhi Singh[90]

1992

  • Sri Lanka Companions on a Journey founded by Sherman de Rose in Sri Lanka[91][92]
  • India Activist Siddhartha Gautam, a lawyer who founded the AIDS Bhedbhav Virodhi Andolan (ABVA) in 1989-90 to raise public awareness about HIV/AIDS and protest discriminatory policies, passes away in New Delhi at age 28.[93][94][95]
  • India Udaan founded in Mumbai to work with MSM[96]
  • Canada Atish Network formed in Vancouver[52]
  • Dominic D’Souza, AIDS activist dies[97]
  • United States SALGA marches in New York's India Day parade[98][99]
  • Books:
    • Invisible Minority – The Unknown World of the Indian Homosexual by Arvind Kala[100]

1993

  • India Friends of Siddhartha Gautam organize a film festival in Delhi in his memory.[101]
  • Canada Discovery ’93, the Khush gay men's conference in Toronto[49][52]
  • India Khush Club forms in Mumbai of gay men[102]
  • Canada Sami Yoni, a journal for lesbians of South Asian descent, published in Toronto.[52]
  • Pratibha Parmar receives Frameline Award for contributions to queer cinema[103][104]
  • United States Khush-list born on harvard.edu listserv by Devesh Khatu and Marty[105][106]
  • India Counsel Club formed in Calcutta[70][107]
  • India Aarambh newsletter/magazine debuts in New Delhi[108] (need better reference)
  • United States Trikone Atlanta born[99]
  • India Naz and Sakhi Seminar on Alternative Sexualities in New Delhi[109]
  • India Samraksha AIDS organization formed in Bangalore (Dec)[110][111]
  • Modern-day traditional wedding Aditya Advani and Michael Tarr performed by Swami Bodhananda[112]
  • Books:
    • Queer Looks edited by Pratibha Parmar, John Greyson, Martha Gever.[113]
    • Feminist Fables by Suniti Namjoshi[114]
    • Out on Main Street by Shani Mootoo[115]
    • Lotus of Another Color, edited by Rakesh Ratti[116]
    • "Gay angst" (review of Lotus of Another Color), India Today, June 30, 1993.[117]
    • India Shobha De's Strange Obsession (1993), a rambunctious novel about lesbian love published by Penguin Books of India.[118][119]

1994

  • India Vaadamalli by novelist Su.Samuthiram is the first Tamil novel about Aravaani community in Tamil Nadu[citation needed]
  • India G.A.Y (Good as You) group formed in Bangalore[120]
  • United States TIME names Urvashi Vaid one of the top leaders under 40[121]
  • India Humsafar Trust registered in India[122]
  • India All India Hijra Kalyan Sabha got voting rights in India[123]
  • United States SALGA hosts Pride Utsav in New York, during Stonewall 25[124]
  • India ABVA challenges Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code in court after condom distribution prohibited in Tihar Jail, Delhi.[125][126][127]
  • United States Khush-DC formed in Washington DC[128]
  • United States South Asian Lesbian and Gay Association (SALGA) banned from marching in the New York City India Day Parade, but protested along with Sakhi, a women's organization.[129][130][131][132]
  • United States MASALA formed in Boston[133][134]
  • India Vimla Farooqui of National Federation of Indian Women asks PM to stop gay meet claiming homosexuality is Western[70][135][136]
  • SALGA –Philadelphia formed [137]
  • United States Abraham Verghese’s My Own Country wins Lambda Literary Award[138][139]
  • India Naz/Humsafar Gay Men's Conference in Bombay[140]
  • India First gay conference in India reported (incorrectly) by Erie Gay News in Feb 1995. Conference said to have happened Dec (1994). See 1981.[141]
  • Canada Chhota Khayal, monthly calendar of Khush, Toronto[52]
  • Books
  • Films:
    • Destiny, Desire and Devotion by Zahid Dar[144]

1995

  • SAGrrls list serve launched by Jasbir Puar and others[105][145]
  • United States Pride Utsav hosted by Trikone in San Francisco (Jun)(parent of DesiQ)[146][147]
  • United States Trikone's website debuts – the first ever for a South Asian LGBT group[105]
  • Canada Activist Kalpesh Oza, AIDS researcher and Desh Pradesh artist/organizer, passes away in Toronto (Jun)[4][148][149][150]
  • Canada Awaz-e-Atish: Voice of Fire publication by Atish Network Society (1995-1996)[151]
  • Sulaiman Mohammed, founding member of Atish passes away (Aug)[4]
  • South Asia lesbians and bisexual women at Beijing Women's Conference (Sep)[4]
  • India Humsafar Center inaugurated in Bombay (Oct)[152][153]
  • India Stree Sangam (later renamed LABIA) founded in Bombay[108]
  • United States Trikone gets San Francisco Gay and Lesbian Historical Society Award (Oct)[4]
  • IndiaUnited States Anuja Gupta, who worked with ABVA, an Indian AIDS prevention group, testifies at tribunal on human rights violations against sexual minorities in New York (Oct)[154]
  • United States Khuli Zaban forms in Chicago for lesbian and bisexual partners (Oct)[155][156]
  • United States Trikone and SALGA get NGLTF Community Service Award (Nov)[157]
  • Canada Queer Issue of Rungh, a South Asian quarterly of culture, comment, and criticism[158]
  • United Kingdom Club Kali opens[159]
  • India Pravartak renamed to Naya Pravartak
  • Book:

1996

  • India Kali becomes first hijra to stand for elections in Bihar (Judicial Reforms Party) (Apr)[123]
  • India Stree Sangam organizes First National Gathering of Women who Love Women in Mumbai (Jun)[58][71][108][108][161]
  • United States Trikone-Tejas formed in Texas and hosts first public event (Oct)[162][163][164]
  • United States Outlook magazine says Lucknow leads the pack in India for gay sex (Oct)[4][165]
  • United States Poet Ifti Nasim inducted into Chicago Lesbian and Gay Hall of Fame (Oct)[4][166][167][168]
  • Arvind Kumar and Ashok Jethanandi, founders of Trikone and India Currents, are married in Toronto in traditional religious ceremony conducted by Ma Yogashakti, Arvind's mother.[112]
  • Books
    • Giti Thadani, Sakhiyani: Lesbian Desire in Ancient and Modern India.[169]
    • Shani Mootoo, Cereus Blooms at Night.[170][171]
    • The Invisibles: A Tale of Eunuchs of India by Zia Jaffrey[170][172]
  • Films:

1997

  • India Naz Foundation (India) Trust starts helplines – Sangini for women and Humraz for men[177]
  • India Humrahi formally starts in Delhi[178]
  • India Darpan newsletter launched in Delhi[38]
  • Mahila Samanwaya Committee for sex workers in Calcutta opens membership to male sex workers[179][180][181][182]
  • Bangladesh Bandhu Social Welfare Society established in Dhaka to work on HIV/AIDS and the MSM community.[183][184][185]
  • Counsel Club organizes Network East conference (Jan)[70]
  • India Copies of Trikone seized by Indian customs on grounds of morality (Aug)[186]
  • United States Javid Syed, AIDS activist included in best and brightest activists under 30 by The Advocate magazine (Aug)[187]
  • India Sabrang – a mixed group forms in Bangalore (Sep)[188]
  • United States Queer Awaaz formed in Los Angeles, later disbanded and merged with Trikone LA (Nov)[5]
  • United States Trikone LA was formed by approximately 30 people (RBC)[4][189][190]
  • United States Trikone-Northwest formed [191][192]
  • India National Seminar on Gay Rights organized by students of National Law School in Bangalore (Sep)[193]
  • India Meeting for Women who love Women is part of VIth National Conference of Women's Movements, Ranchi (Dec)[4]
  • Books:
    • Sex, Longing and Not Belonging – A Gay Muslim’s Quest for Love and Meaning by Badruddin Khan[194]
  • Films:

1998

  • Al-Fatiha Foundation, an organization for LGBTQ Muslims worldwide, is founded by Faisal Alam, a Pakistani American.[199][200]
  • Canada Khushnet.com, a Canadian queer South Asian website, launched (featuring personal ads section named "Nobody knows I met my boyfriend through Khushnet’s personals")[201]
  • India Sarani experimental group stages Coming Out with Music in Calcutta (Apr)[58][70]
  • India Sangha Mitra newsletter in Kannada and English published in Bangalore (Feb)[202]
  • United States First International Retreat of LGBT Muslims in Boston (Oct)[203]
  • DESIDYKES created[5][204]
  • India Gay Bombay (internet group) formed[205][206][207]
  • India GHAR (Gay Housing Assistance Resource) mailing lists start, eventually covering Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Delhi, Bangalore, Canada, and the United States[208]
  • Canada "Funkasia" South Asian club and cultural night started in Toronto, Canada[209][210][211]
  • India First public performance of Chetan Datar's Marathi-language play Ek Madhav Baug at the Humsafar Trust in Mumbai[212]
  • Books
  • Films
    • India Fire released in India and theaters are vandalized (Nov-Dec)[216]

1999

  • India Aanchal Trust forms in Bombay with helpline for women (Aug)[217]
  • Sri Lanka Women's Support Group founded in Sri Lanka[218][219][220][221]
  • India Campaign for Lesbian Rights launched in India partly as a response to the violent demonstrations against Fire (Jan)[222][223][224][225]
  • India Fire re-cleared by Central Board of Film Censors (Feb)[4]
  • India Fire released in India[5]
  • India Yaarian, national gay conference in Hyderabad (Feb)[4]
  • Al-Fatiha hosts first national conference for LGBT Muslims (May)[226]
  • United States Trikone wins New California Media award (May)[4]
  • India Sappho forms in Calcutta for lesbian and bi women (Jun)[227]
  • India Sangama started in Bangalore[228]
  • India The White Party (a gay party) in Bombay raided by police (Jun)[229][230]
  • India Counsel Club and Integration organizes Friendship Walk in Calcutta (Jul)[206][231][232]
  • India Khamosh!Emergency Jari Hai/ Lesbian Emergence published by Campaign for Lesbian Rights in India (Aug)[225][233][234]
  • India LGBT India conducts Operation Sparsh to educate political parties on sexual minority rights (Sep)[4]
  • India Olava (Organized Lesbian Alliance for Visibility and Acceptance) forms in Pune (Nov)[4][235][236]
  • Films:
  • Books:

2000s

2000

  • India Delhi hosts its first officially "out" lesbian and gay film festival (Jan)[244][245]
  • India Gay Bombay has meeting with parents (Feb)[4][246]
  • India/United States SAATHII founded in Chennai and New York as an NGO working on concerted response to HIV/AIDS epidemic in India [247][248]
  • India QueerIISc, the first college/university campus queer group in India, founded at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore[249]
  • India Shaleen Rakesh starts regular gay column in Around Town magazine in New Delhi (Feb)[244]
  • India 172nd Law Commission Report of the Law Commission of India recommends deletion of Section 377 (Mar)[250][251][252]
  • Sri Lanka Women's Support Group in Sri Lanka marches on International Women's Day (Mar)[4]
  • India Shabnam Mausi, a hijra, wins election in Madhya Pradesh to state assembly (Mar)[253]
  • India Humsafar Trust organizes Looking into the Next Millenium conference in Mumbai (May)[58][254][255]
  • United States Surina Khan appointed Executive Director of the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (May)[256][257]
  • Sri Lanka Sri Lankan Press Council supports Island newspaper which said rapists should be unleashed on lesbians (Jun)[258]
  • United States Trikone organizes DesiQ2000 conference in San Francisco (Jun)[259][260][261]
  • Poet Ifti Nasim receives Adeeb International Award (Jul)[262]
  • United Kingdom Ash Kotak's play Hijra staged in London (Oct)[263]
  • India National Human Rights Commission in India recommend reformulating Section 377 to legalize sexual activity between consenting adults (Nov)[264]
  • United States National Alliance of South Asian Lambda Organization (NASALO) listserv created to support LGBT South Asian organizations and leaders across the U.S.[citation needed]
  • United States Journal of Homosexuality's issue on queer Asian cinema includes several articles on Indian cinema[265]
  • United States DesiQ 2000 conference in San Francisco[266]
  • United States Ruth Vanita and Mona Bachmann marry in a Jewish and Hindu wedding ceremony in New York, the first such documented wedding in the U.S.[267][268]
  • United States Al-Fatiha Foundation, LGBT Muslim conference (US)[5]
  • India LGBT India conducts Operation Sparsh to educate political parties on sexual minority rights[5]
  • United States "Gay Desi SF Bay" mailing list for San Francisco Bay Area queer desis started by Rakesh Modi[5]
  • Books:
    • India Same Sex Love in India – Readings from Literature and History by Ruth Vanita and Saleem Kidwai[269]
    • India Humjinsi, a resource book for LGB rights published (India). Also includes papers presented at a seminar in Mumbai (1997)[5]
  • Films:
    • Bombay Eunuchs, directors Alexandra Shiva, Sean McDonald and Michelle Gucovsky[4]

2001

  • Nepal Blue Diamond Society, Nepal's only organization for sexual minorities founded[270]
  • India Lakshyaa – first Gujarati gay magazine comes out[271][272]
  • Canada Dosti group launches in Toronto (Sep)[52]
  • Sri Lanka Companions on a Journey and Women's Support Group win Felipa DeSouza award from IGLHRC (May)[273][274]
  • India Delhi hosts India's first public gay wedding for Vijay and Naseem (May)[4][275]
  • India Milan Project (Naz India) files case with National Human Rights Commission against psychiatric abuse of a homosexual patient subjected to aversion therapy (May)[4][186]
  • United States Trikone magazine wins South Asian Journalists Association award for "South Asian Queers Out on the Internet" article(Jun)[276][277]
  • India Four activists of Naz Foundation International arrested in Lucknow under Section 377 in "gay area," Naz and Bharosa offices raided (Jul)[278][279]
  • United States QFilmistan – first Queer South Asian film festival[280]
  • United States The Advocate magazine names Faisal Alam, founder of Al Fatiha Foundation as a queer trend breaker (Aug)[4][281]
  • United States Trikone organizes first ever QFilmistan film festival in San Francisco (Aug-Sep)[282][283]
  • India Naz Foundation (India) Trust awarded 2001 Commonwealth Award for Action on HIV/AIDS (Oct)[284][285]
  • India Naz Foundation files petition in Delhi High Court challenging constitutional validity of Section 377 (Dec)[286][287][288][289][290]
  • United States Poet Agha Shahid Ali dies of brain cancer (Dec)[291][292]
  • Canada Chilling in Your Brown Skin Collective launched (Toronto)[5][52]
  • Gay and Lesbian Vaishnava Association[293]
  • India Gay Bombay has meeting with parents (India)[5]
  • Films:
    • Bombay Eunuch[294]
    • For Straights Only by Vismita Gupta-Smith[295]
    • Canada Rewriting the Script: A Love Letter to Our Families (Toronto)[5][296]
  • Books:

2002

  • India Police harassment of Sangama organization in Bangalore[111][298][299]
  • India Filmmaker Nishit Saran killed in car accident in New Delhi[300][301][302]
  • India Ashok Pillai, president of Indian Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS passes away (Apr)[4][303][304]
  • United States Vega and Mala are married by Hindu Shaiva pundit in Seattle, WA (Jun)[112][305][306][307]
  • United States Sholay Productions in New York launches Desilicious parties[308][309][310][311][312]
  • India Hijra Habba festival organized in Bangalore [58][313][314][315][316][317][318]
  • India Lovers Geethalakshmi and Sumathi commit suicide in Tamil Nadu (Sep)[112][319][320]
  • India First ILGA summit in India organized by Humsafar Trust and Aanchal (Oct)[4][321][322]
  • United States Trikone magazine wins South Asian Journalists Association award for "Queer Muslims: De-closeted"[323]
  • India Thrissur, the court gave permission to two lesbian women to cohabit[324]
  • India Sahayatrika group set up in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala to tackle increasing lesbian suicides (Oct)[4][325][326]
  • IndiaFrance First legal same-sex union on Indian soil with Indian fashion designer Wendell Rodricks, a Goan Catholic, and Jerome Marrell conducted at French Embassy under French law.[4][112]
  • India Delhi hosts first public gay wedding[5]
  • Films
    • Sri Lanka Flying With One Wing – a film by Ashok Handagama about a woman who lives as a man released in Sri Lanka[4][5]
    • Mango Soufflé, film version of Muggy Night directed by Mahesh Dattani[327]
    • Gulabi Aina, a drag queen movie by Sridhar Rangayan[4][5]
    • Kaashish by Sangini[4][5]
    • For Straights Only[328]
  • Books:

2003

  • Nepal Nepal hosts first drag beauty contest (May)[331]
  • Nepal Black and White – 1st GLBT AIDS charity event in Colombo (Jun)[4]
  • India Rainbow Walk – Gay Pride march in Kolkata (Jun)[4][5]
  • Openly gay painter Bhupen Khakkar passes away (Aug)[4]
  • United States QFilmistan – the sequel in San Francisco (Aug)[4]
  • Nepal Nepal's Blue Diamond Society hosts Gaijatra Pride festival (Aug)[4][5]
  • United States Openly lesbian Kaashish Chopra wins Miss Congeniality at Miss India USA (Aug)[332]
  • India Sappho for Equality forms in Calcutta by the core founders of Sappho[227]
  • India Larzish, 1st International Film Festival of Sexuality and Gender Plurality in Mumbai (Aug)[citation needed]
  • IndiaShree Nandu, 24, and Sheela, 22, declared themselves same-sex spouses[333]
  • India Filmmaker Riyad Wadia passes away in Mumbai (Dec)[4]
  • United States Rustam Kothavala (from Bangalore) and Toby Marotta marry under Vermont's civil union law.[112]
  • United States US Supreme Court decriminalizes sodomy in Lawrence v. Texas[5]
  • India Movenpick/Orinam, social support group for LGBT&A started in Chennai, India[5]
  • Books:
    • The Trouble with Islam by Irshad Manji results in death threats[334]
    • The Boyfriend, a novel by R. Raj Rao[335]
    • United States Desilicious by the Masala Trois Collective[336]

2004

  • India Humsafar opens 1st Indian gay and lesbian drop-in center opens in Mumbai (Apr)[4][5]
  • Canada Mirchi group begins for queer women, hosted at the Alliance for South Asian AIDS Prevention[52]
  • Rosanna Flamer-Caldera re-elected as Co-Secretary General of the International Lesbian and Gay Association (Apr)[4]
  • United States Mala (Vaijayanthi Nagarajan) and Vega (Vegavahini Subramaniam) participate as plaintiffs in the marriage equality lawsuit against King County and Washington (March)[4]
  • United States Gita Deane (Indian-born) and Lisa Polyak become the lead plaintiff couple in the marriage equality lawsuit against Maryland.[337][338]
  • Nepal Equal Ground – an LGBTIQ organization forms in Sri Lanka (Jun)[4][5]
  • Nepal First Colombo Pride in Sri Lanka[5]
  • India Theaters vandalized in India over screening of Girlfriends (Aug)[4]
  • India Hijra activist Famila dies in Bangalore (Aug)[4]
  • India Pushkin Chandra and Kuldeep, gay men, killed in Delhi. (Aug)[4]
  • Nepal 39 gays arrested in Nepal on grounds of "disturbing society" (Aug).[4][5]
  • India Delhi High Court dismisses Naz India's public interest litigation petition seeking repeal of Section 377 (Sep)[4]
  • United States Khush Texas was founded in Dallas[5]
  • Films:
    • The Journey by Ligy Pullapally[4]
    • Touch of Pink by Ian Iqbal Rashid[4]
    • Yours Emotionally by Sridhar Rangayan[4]
    • The Bath by Sachin Kundalkar[4]
    • Happy Hookers by Ashish Sawhney[4]
    • Many People Many Desires by Jayashree T.[339]
  • Books:
    • Madras on Rainy Days by Samina Ali[340]
    • Red Threads: The South Asian Queer Connection in Photographs by Poulomi Desai and Parminder Sekhon[341]
    • Babyji by Abha Dawesar[342]

2005

  • Nepal Blue Diamond Society in Nepal launches weekly newspaper (Jan)[4]
  • Nepal Blue Diamond Society, Nepal wins 2004 Utopia Award (Jan)[4]
  • Onir's award-winning film My Brother Nikhil about a gay swimmer and AIDS releases in India (Mar)[4]
  • Ismail Merchant passes away (May)[4]
  • United States South Asian parent marches in Seattle Pride Parade with Trikone-NW[citation needed]
  • Sri Lanka 1st Sri Lankan Pride Celebration in Colombo[4]
  • India "Pokkhiraj" (The Pegasus) gay music video by Bangla band Cactus airs on TV (Jul)[4][343]
  • India Protesters march in Mumbai against Section 377 (Aug)[4]
  • Purported "first" same-sex marriage in Pakistan between Liaqat Ali and Markeen in Khyber region (Oct)[4]
  • United States Satrang (Los Angeles) gets its first grant (LAIFC)[5]
  • Canada Trikone Vancouver begins (Jul)[52][344]
  • Vikram Seth comes out[345][346]
  • Books:
    • India Because I Have a Voice – Queer Politics in India edited by Arvind Narrain and Gautam Bhan[347]
    • Love’s Rite – Same-Sex Marriage in India and the West by Ruth Vanita[348]
    • Impossible Desires – Queer Diasporas and South Asian Public Cultures by Gayatri Gopinath[349]
    • Swimming in the Monsoon Sea by Shyam Selvadurai[350]
  • Films:
    • India My Brother Nikhil by Onir[4][5]
    • Shabnam Mousi by Yogesh Bhardwaj[4]
    • Yours Emotionally![351]

2006

  • India Four men arrested in Lucknow for operating an Internet "gay racket" and "unnatural sex" (Jan)[4][5]
  • Sri Lanka Rosanna Flamer-Caldera of Sri Lanka wins 2005 Utopia Award (Jan)[4]
  • India Men Community Development Society for homosexuals formed in Chennai (Mar)[4]
  • India NACO estimates 5.2 million people ages 15–49 living in India with HIV/AIDS (Apr)[4][352][353]
  • India The Dalai Lama expresses concern at violence against LGBT people and urges human rights for all (Apr)[4]
  • Abha Dawesar's Babyji wins Stonewall Award[4]
  • United States DesiQ 2006 conference in San Francisco[5]
  • India Flora Fountain Mumbai Anti-377 protest[5]
  • Canada Michi group for queer women begins (Toronto)[5]
  • India Queer Resource website Orinam.net website launched (need resource)[citation needed]

2007

2008

  • Nepal Sunil Pant elected to Nepali Constitutional Assembly (first openly elected queer person) (Apr)[358]
  • Nepal Nepali government starts to allocate national budget for LGBTQ[5]
  • United States First US national study of LGBTQ South Asians in Higher Education conducted by Raja Bhattar and Pamela Roy[5]
  • United States Trikone launches first political campaign, "No On Prop 8," against California's same sex marriage ban referendum[5]
  • Canada Sher Vancouver formed[52][359][360]
  • United States South Asian serves as one of 3 co-directors for National Queer Asian Pacific Islander Alliance (NQAPIA)[361][362]
  • United StatesSivagami " Shiva" Subbaraman, first S. Asian to become Director of a LGBTQ Center in US higher education; and Founding Director of the first LGBTQ Center in a Catholic &Jesuit University in the US (Georgetown U).[363][364]
  • United States Trikone Magazine published in color[5]
  • United States Trikone Chicago begins[5]
  • Malaysia Seksualiti Merdeka, an annual sexuality rights festival held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia founded by arts programmer Pang Khee Teik and singer-songwriter Jerome Kugan.[5]
  • United States D’Lo leads first queer South Asian writing workshop in Los Angeles[5]
  • United States Prerna Lal becomes active in Dream Activist movement.[5][365]

2009

  • Pakistan Keengar Society – Youth Secular Organization for Protection of Religious and Sexual Minorities registered in Pakistan[5]
  • Pakistan Pakistan's Supreme Court declares third gender for trans/hijra population; orders all state organizations to protect them equally under the law[5]
  • India Chennai's first Rainbow Pride March (Jun)[366]
  • India Section 377 read down by Delhi High Court to exclude all consensual sex among adults[367]
  • India Campaign for Open Minds launched.[5]

2010s

2010

2011

  • India Srishti Madurai formed on September 2 as India's first student volunteer LGBTQIA educational research foundation[375]
  • United States Kulture Kulcha: Trikone's 25th Anniversary[376]
  • United States Gautam Raghavan becomes the first Indian LGBT Liaison in the White House Office of Public Engagement[377]
  • India Hijras get right to vote by Supreme Court[5]
  • India Saathi (IIT-Bombay): possibly India's first campus-based LGBT group[5]
  • Pakistan Naz Male Health Alliance (the first MSM/TG based CBO) established in Pakistan[5]
  • United States Satrang youth group begins in Los Angeles (Oct)[378]
  • Canada Brown//out, "South Asian" queer/ trans program at Pride Toronto starts (annual)[5][52]
  • India Open listserv gay_bombay@yahoogroups.com formed, not affiliated with gaybombay@yahoogroups.com list[5]
  • Films:
    • Project Bolo-Indian LGBT Oral History Project[5]

2012

  • India Asia's first Genderqueer pride parade and Alan Turing centenary celebrations commenced at Madurai in July 2012[379][380]
  • United States KhushATX formed.[381]
  • India First LGBT Education Fest for School Students launched by Srishti Madurai at Madurai on 5 June 2012. It was attended by 600 school students.[382]
  • IndiaGopi Shankar Madurai of Srishti Madurai became the youngest panelist to share a chair at the University Grants Commission's sponsored seminars on gender and sexuality that have been taking place all over Tamil Nadu since 2012-2014.[375]
  • Nepal Nepal hosts South Asia's first gay sports tournament[383]
  • Pakistan Several Pakistani hijra leaders run for national and provincial assembly seats in elections (e.g. Bindiya Rana of Gender Interactive Alliance)[5]
  • United States Desi Queer Helpline (DeQH) officially launched (national US-based service)[5]
  • United States NQAPIA hosts conference in DC. Many South Asian LGBTQ organizations represent and visit the White House[5]
  • Malaysia Seksualiti Merdeka Bammeo in Malaysia[5]
  • Canada Queer Diwali event in Toronto (Nov)[384][385][386]
  • Film:

2013

  • India In January 2013 The American College in Madurai under graduation English department included Funny Boy by Shyam Selvadurai as part of syllabus under gay literature and ‘The Truth about me: A Hijra Life story’ by A. Revathi under Third Gender literature marginalized studies. Due to the efforts of Srishti Madurai.[388]
  • India In June 2013 Harish Iyer became the first Indian citizen to be listed in the Guardian's World Pride Powerlist, a list of the 100 most influential LGBTIQ people in the world [389]
  • United States DesiQ Conference, fourth International South Asian Queer Conference[390]
  • United States DOMA declared unconstitutional and Prop 8 goes down[5]
  • India Srishti Madurai launched India's first helpline for Genderqueer, LGBTQIA on October 2, 2011, at Madurai. Later in June 2013 the helpline turned to offer service for 24 hours with a tagline "Just having someone understanding to talk to can save a life".[391]
  • Nepal Supreme Court of Nepal ruling for the introduction of a transgender category for people obtaining their citizenship certificates. People can register as a third gender when completing the certificates which serve as national identity cards required to open bank accounts, sell and buy property, and get a passport.[5]
  • India On December 11, 2013, Supreme Court of India reinstates Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, overruling the 2009 Delhi High Court Judgement[5]
  • United States First Khush DC women's membership meeting[5]
  • India First high-school LGBTQIA alliance in India: Breaking Barriers at Tagore International, New Delhi[5][249]
  • Malaysia "You and I" campaign for trans people and allies starts in Malaysia[5]
  • Canada Trikone Toronto launches[392][393]
  • MalaysiaA state-sponsored anti-LGBT musical tours Malaysian schools and theaters[5]
  • Books
    • Canada Q?Y Art? book/art compilation released, based on multidisciplinary arts program for South Asian LGBTTIQQ2S/WSW/MSM youth (Toronto).[5][394]

2014

  • Bangladesh Launch of Roopbaan, the first LGBT magazine in Bangladesh [395]
  • India In July 2014 first book on genderqueer in Tamil and first Tamil book on LGBTQIA from Srishti Madurai was released by BJP's state general secretary Vanathi Srinivasan at the Hindu spiritual service foundation's sixth service fair, Chennai[396][397][398]
  • India First Indian LGBT Youth Leadership Summit held in Mumbai (Feb)[399]
  • India Supreme Court of India rules in the NALSA vs. Union of India case, declaring that transgender people have all rights granted by the Indian constitution, the right to determine their gender (man, woman, third-gender) regardless of surgery, hormones or attire[400]
  • IndiaIn October 2014, A month long celebrations commenced to celebrate LGBT History Month at The American College with a lecture on Gender and sexual minorities organised by Srishti Madurai.[388]
  • United States Aaditi Hardikar named first woman of color as White House LGBT Liaison [401]
  • Books
    • India Maraikappata Pakkangal (Hidden Pages) is the first book on LGBTQIA & Gendervariants in Tamil penned by Gopi Shankar Madurai of Srishti Madurai.

2015

2016

2017

  • Pakistan Pakistan issues first passport with transgender category.[434]
  • India Indian Supreme Court declares privacy is an intrinsic right, and that sexual orientation is an essential attribute of privacy.[435]

2018

  • India Indian Supreme Court legalizes gay sex and reads down Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which criminalized same-sex relations. India's Outgoing chief justice Dipak Misra, regarding the ruling, said: "Criminalising carnal intercourse is irrational, arbitrary and manifestly unconstitutional."[436]

See also

References

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