Articles for Research

Costs of a Healthy Diet Article: (PDF Download) https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/costs-of-a-healthy-diet-analysis-from-the-uk-womens-cohort-study/892904335791E51D6601A7297CF6FEA8

Can Low-Income Americans Afford a Healthy Diet? Web Article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2847733/

Diet Quality and Adolescent Mental Health Web Article: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/00048670903571598

Relationship of Hunger and Food Insecurity to Food Availability and Consumption Web Article: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002822396002714

Effects of Fast-Food Consumption on Energy Intake and Diet Quality on Children (PDF): https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mark_Pereira2/publication/295704475_Effects_of_Fast_Food_Consumption_on_Energy_Intake_and_Diet_Quality_Among_Children_in_a_National_Household_Study/links/02bfe5112a3b76c4d3000000/Effects-of-Fast-Food-Consumption-on-Energy-Intake-and-Diet-Quality-Among-Children-in-a-National-Household-Study.pdf

Eating Patterns, Dietary Quality and Obesity Web Article: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07315724.2001.10719064

Article on effects of poor nutrition in low income countries; reduction in fertility, body composition, aging effects, ect. https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article-abstract/52/9/285/1890842

Review of effects poor nutrition has on individuals: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/87/5/1107/4650128

Review on inequality between classes in food choice: https://www.bmj.com/content/314/7093/1545.short

Book on food Justice: https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=76z2HF-tp7kC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=social+class+inequality+in+food+consumption&ots=T1T9DLgUoi&sig=4Wjx6PvXkIMX2CXTCyi1WwHtxTM#v=onepage&q=social%20class%20inequality%20in%20food%20consumption&f=false

Perspective on social inequality leading to poor food choices for caloric: requirementshttps://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article-abstract/67/suppl_1/S36/1872742

Specific to Europe (ranges North to South) showing consumption of veggies and fruits: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/disparities-in-vegetable-and-fruit-consumption-european-cases-from-the-north-to-the-south/46AE951C118D73F04B1526E32B512640

Study done on 45 neighbors (all Women) to see how food conscious, aware and influenced by monetary status these women were: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/socioeconomic-inequalities-in-womens-fruit-and-vegetable-intakes-a-multilevel-study-of-individual-social-and-environmental-mediators/24DA84B9771329992A316D033D7374C7

Healthy Eating Plan https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/eat/calories.htm — Preceding unsigned comment added by VoidedComplication (talk • contribs) 21:36, 29 April 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Kahley's findings on middle class and lower class

User:Maezo24

Kahley's opinions on findings: very easy to find information regarding the lack on nutritional value in lower wage families and countries. Harder to find information supplying a opposing perspective. Info below supplies: tables, PDFs, novel on topic, articles with test results and families OWN perspective on topic. Please feel free to pick through.

https://sbctc-everettcc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991284846202810&context=L&vid=01STATEWA_EVERETT:EVERETT&lang=en&search_scope=MyInstitution&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,%20food%20differences%20 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Maezo24 (talk • contribs) 00:26, 30 April 2019 (UTC)[reply]

https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/451474?journalCode=edcc

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1901/jaba.1974.7-257

https://watermark.silverchair.com/10-2-108.pdf token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAkUwggJBBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggIyMIICLgIBADCCAicGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMxK79XH-kr9TQX28IAgEQgIIB-AE_082pXFaZA8d3i47k-9-AFfBLh5PdtMf7FNErvWJhyKUVWpiUpDak8BO8fX9o6YlFbSLpo057OYNxN1jDehPKd0uE5pTk7jfu9sAuNU0glbhVY2Adws4Tke1o4RagiwcQwXN_Dm-buE7zkSS-mt-AHWLGbB1rJ9FlujR9BTuiohrO751hjN30DF7xnWiK4twxev9I1moGdqwRheNBfuSRTu7VaJF0NlNMLYo2j91Gdbh_ckckyWQ0YRrEgNA1D0gN972njzuJWVOVuK7Wz4JLPfr2weHAlCBND8H7NmZJbOJKxu5ElK4xsbPCBMJUvghp13bI4R5W8ikdKt9a-nhdaUr1RaUlEdYN5EaVVB0_7P4m3H7qAvguUc8EK2EncA566IPrBDKCM_n1jewbIYqC2kEJ48p3pMDOh3FhCb7wjUPw3CxAXRk9oDQ0vkq499eoNqYvidI-mEJEvgXIunLmkdjXfyncVLaMfxr4iX859vY-J3b3jcoGQ2rUvdmLXr8llhuXBqudSWC-KOEs-WlIlhu56i_QLccFstzLcAUZn-uQ4qjHU3dmNVlbfn_LAwXsGkedgAXwmkmVnHswRcztxMZlZ9A2DZlOIEgPoRoEMHrsnIe76dymnKeyq73HICMXxZ9-ejCxIpX8HL7D9JwsS4swoopgow

https://www.safefood.eu/SafeFood/media/SafeFoodLibrary/Documents/Publications/Research%20Reports/Full-report---Food-on-a-low-income.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022318298702845

Books to investigate:

"Marginalizing access to the sustainable food system" -Mata, Camille Tuason

"Eating Identities reading food in Asian American literature" -Xu, Wenying

"We are all fast-food workers now" -Orleck, Annelise

"Weighing In" - Guthman, Julie — Preceding unsigned comment added by Maezo24 (talk • contribs) 00:42, 30 April 2019 (UTC)[reply]

How the other Half Ate (Book): https://sbctc-everettcc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991070664402810&context=L&vid=01STATEWA_EVERETT:EVERETT&search_scope=MyInstitution&tab=Everything&lang=en

More than Just Food (Book): https://sbctc-everettcc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?vid=01STATEWA_EVERETT:EVERETT&search_scope=MyInstitution&tab=LibraryCatalog&docid=alma991126264402810&lang=en&context=L

A Sociology of Family Life (Book): https://sbctc-everettcc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?vid=01STATEWA_EVERETT:EVERETT&search_scope=MyInstitution&tab=Everything&docid=alma991021334402810&lang=en&context=L — Preceding unsigned comment added by VoidedComplication (talk • contribs) 00:33, 30 April 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Bogdan's proposed contributions below  LinchukB (talk) 22:30, 24 April 2019 (UTC)[reply]

New proposition: incorporate this topic as 'social class food consumption' under the 'health and nutrition' sub-topic of the social class main topic. See section below dedicated to a draft version of that addition

1) Simplify and shorten title of article if possible

(potential new name 'Food consumption of social classes')

2) remove or rephrase introductory paragraph,

3) incorporate an outline organized by social classes

4) IDEA: Better, more clearly and thoroughly address how processed vs. unprocessed foods effect quality of typical American diet

refer to health effects of eating processed vs. unprocessed foods

5) IDEA: Address history of issue?

In the past, starvation was a problem of poor people; currently in the USA becoming overweight replaced the starvation issue for the poor

6) This issue around the world?

7) Replace 'middle class family meal' photo with photo of food not just people smiling at a table

8) Address why, what, where, when questions in regards to each class. (E.g.;

why does each class eat that way
what does each class eat?
examples with references and pictures
where do they eat? at home, restaurants, whenever and wherever possible - (homeless and poverty stricken)

Test page below

Social class differences in food consumption

Niva's 'work in progress' suggestion for lead of the article:

Much can be said about who a person is and where they come from by the food they eat. The quantity and most importantly the quality of food, is available at different amounts and levels depending on the social class a person belongs to.

Food is an important part to not only the health of a person's body but also the health of their mind. Research and studies have shown that with a healthy diet a person can live a long life with relatively regular to high levels of energy. A well balanced diet can help prevent medical issues such as high cholesterol, heart attack and diabetes, and can also prevent mental issues such as depression or anxiety.

According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH) a healthy diet includes: A heavy emphasis on vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat dairy products. It also includes proteins such as lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts. It also requires the person to limit saturated and trans fats, sodium, and added sugars. And above all, the portion size of each category must be balanced in the recommended amounts.

However, people who are considered to be in the working or lower class of society, usually do not have the means to attain the types of food that people in the upper class or even middle class have. As a result there is a shocking difference in the diets of people from different Social Classes.

The food quality and quantity of someone in the working class tends to lean more towards the saturated and trans fat, with high levels of sodium and added sugars foods, while someone from the upper class enjoys a more balanced diet. Many factors play into this comparison, however the main issues is the availability and quantity of a variety of food groups to each class.

The working class is confined by time, money, and/or location of markets. As a result, they tend to purchase the most convenient and cost effective food, which is processed, and cheap.

Whereas the upper classes has the means and ability to purchase a more balanced diet with grocery stores and markets more readily available in their neighborhoods, as well as having the income and time to support such a diet.

.........

The purpose of this article is to show how similarities and differences of what people eat amongst the upper, middle, and lower classes; however, there is no clear distinction where one class begins and where another class ends. One common preconception is that upper and middle class people eat better and more healthy foods than those of the lower class. The question is then what are healthy foods and what are unhealthy food; that seems subjective and relative to each individual. In history, lower class people died from hunger. Today that is much less common; many lower class people are overweight. People eat unhealthy foods in both the upper and middle classes as well. One nuance is that lower class people may lack access to many foods accessible to upper and middle class people.

Upper class

Question: should we address issues peripheral to the main topic 'foods' consumed? e.g.; what they wear when they eat?, how they prepare?,

A customary form of eating for the royal upper class is a full course dinner^[1]; However, not everyone always eats luxurious, healthy, privately catered meals like Queen Elizabeth II of England^[2] and Kim Jong il of North Korea^[3]; Warren Buffett, the third wealthiest person^[4] has history of regularly eating fast food and soda.^[5]

History

Egypt

Upper class ancient Egyptians like King Tut and other Pharaohs ate various foods including meats, bread, fruit, fish, beer, dairy, and vegetables served on dish-ware made of precious metals.^[6]

Israel

Diets of the upper class such as King Solomon frequently included meats from sheep, deer, gazelle, roebuck, and fattened geese.^[7]

How they obtain food?

Across most cultures, upper class people have money which they can exchange for food._{needs citation}

(Diet example + cited source)

A typical diet of an upper class individual varies but includes a wide variety of nutritious food in abundance.

(quality of diet (luxurious overall quality; limitless variety))

Quality for kings and queens may include multiple course meals cooked on demand by private cooks._{needs citation} Some upper class meals may be prepared by and eaten at fancy and expensive restaurants._{needs citation} Others may prefer to prepare meals themselves at home._{needs citation}

(Food availability example + cited source)

Food is generally always and readily available. Royalty may have food brought to them and rarely prepare their own food._{needs citation} Some upper class people may prefer to obtain their own food either at a produce seller. Some upper class people who live too far to regularly purchase fresh food may opt to have it delivered._{needs citation}

Middle class

How do middle class eat?+ example and cited source
How they obtain food? (self sustaining; in exchange for money)
Diet example + cited source
quality of diet (moderate overall quality; moderate variety)
Food availability example + cited source

Lower class

How do lower class eat? + example and cited source
How is food obtained? (food stamps, government help, etc.)
Diet example + cited source
quality of diet (poor overall quality; lacking in variety)
Food availability example + cited source

Global

In the United States

People tend to define types of foods as belonging to a certain class based on how expensive (or inexpensive) they are.^[8] In a study done on students who were asked to categorize restaurant menu items into each of the different social classes, students considered cheap, simple meals lower-class while meals that were much more expensive and came with a choice of wine were considered upper-class.^[8]

Since the early 2000s, restaurants and fast-food chains have been incorporating gourmet hamburgers into their menus which often consist of high-end or exotic ingredients.^[9] While people of all social classes have access to fast-food restaurants that sell "better burgers" (which are burgers that are considered to be of greater quality than the traditional burger), some restaurants sell expensive burgers that are exclusive to those who can afford them.^[9]

In Canada

Food-secure Canadians perceive Kraft Dinners as comforting while food insecure Canadians find it discomforting.^[10] This is due to the fact that the food-secure Canadians can afford to eat meals other than those made by Kraft, while food-insecure Canadians have very few options. Furthermore, Kraft meal kits are often found at food banks and charities which contributes to the reason why food-insecure people who visit these places find them undesirable.^[10]

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