Yubileyniy Airport
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| Coordinates | 46°03′N 63°14′E / 46.050°N 63.233°E | ||||||||||
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Yubileyniy (ICAO: UAON, FAA LID: XXX) is an airport in Kyzylorda Oblast Kazakhstan a. Located in the northern part of the Baikonur cosmodrome, 40 km north-north-west of the city of Baikonur (at the site of 251 cosmodrome Baikonur) in desert region Ushkyzyl.
Description
The airfield is leased by Russia from Kazakhstan as part of the “Baikonur” complex for the period up to 2050, entered into the State Register of Aerodromes of Experimental Aviation of the Russian Federation. The aerodrome operator is FSUE “TsENKI” (until 2017, the aerodrome was operated by “Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center)”.
Yubileyniy airfield is extracurricular, meaning it is capable of receiving all types of aircraft (including An-225 "Mriya"). The maximum take-off weight of the aircraft is 392 metric tons. Classification number runway (PCN) 72 / R / B / X / T.[1]
Spacecraft are delivered to this airfield with special flights from Moscow, Krasnoyarsk and other countries (for their preparation and launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome). In 1997–2011, the aerodrome also took passenger service flights carrying the administrative and technical personnel of aerospace industry enterprises.
History
The airfield was built at the beginning of the 1980s as a landing complex for development work on the reusable spacecraft program, Buran, which landed there in November 1988 after a single space flight.[2]
The decree by the Government of the USSR on the establishment of a landing complex for the spacecraft Buran was adopted in October 1977, on the eve of the 60th anniversary of the October Revolution. The airfield received the name "Jubilee," in connection with this momentous occasion. NPO Molniya was designated as the lead developer of the planting complex, and the 20th Central Design Institute of the USSR Ministry of Defense carried out the design of the complex objects.[3]
In 1979, crews from 130th Engineering Department began construction on the Runway of the airfield, with a length of 4500 m and a width of 84 m. The runway was built of monolithic high-strength concrete M-600 with a thickness of 26 to 32 cm on a sand-cement foundation with a thickness of 18 to 22 cm. 980 400 m2, the total volume of excavation work is about 2 mln m3 soil. The first stage of the airfield facilities was commissioned in November 1981.
The first landing on the airfield's taxiway was made in February 1980 by an Mi-8 helicopter from the aviation regiment of the Baikonur Cosmodrome, based at the airport "Extreme." The first landing on the airfield's runway occurred on January 29, 1982 by an An-26 from the air regiment spaceport. The first transportation to Baikonur of elements of the reusable space system “Energia” - “Buran” by plane (VM-T) took place on April 8, 1982.
From 1982 to 1990, 59 flights of the aircraft VM-T were made to deliver large-sized elements of the space complexes "Energy" and "Buran" to Baikonur. Buran spacecraft were transported by VM-T aircraft to the Yubileiny airfield from the Moscow region airfield Ramenskoye, and the units of the Energia launch vehicle - from the airfield Izymyanka in the city of Kuibyshev (now Samara).
The airfield belonged to Ministry of Defense. Since 1992, the airfield has not operated for several years, was abandoned and partially looted.
In 1995, the need arose to reconstruct the aerodrome in order to receive heavy aircraft from the United States, transporting American spacecraft arriving at Baikonur to launch under international commercial programs. The operator "Yubileyny" became Khrunichev Space Center, the manufacturer of heavy launch vehicles "Proton". Recruitment for the work of the new (civil) aerodrome personnel was initiated, the replacement of radio navigation, radio communications, lighting, meteorological and other equipment, and the overhaul of the runway. In 1997, these works were successfully completed and the experimental airfield was put into operation.
The Yubileiny airfield is one of the memorable places of the cosmodrome “Baikonur”; During visits to the space center, prominent politicians and leaders of Russian cosmonautics repeatedly arrived here. In particular, he has been here M. S. Gorbachev (in 1987), V. V. Putin (in 2005), N. A. Nazarbayev (in 1991 and 2005), and in October 2, 1991 a meeting of leaders [4] from 12 republics of the former USSR (only leaders of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia were not present)].[5]
In 2017, the airfield was transferred to the FSUE "TsENKI". For the summer of 2018, the reconstruction of the airfield is planned so that
Nature
Relief: slightly wavy plain (absolute marks 95–120 m). 4 km northeast of the airfield is mountain Ushkızıl (altitude 135 m abs).
Plant zone: wormwood-boylychy (northern) desert. Soils: brown desert-steppe. 8 km north of the airfield are sand Darbas.
There are no permanent watercourses and reservoirs in the vicinity of the airfield. In the spring, after snowmelt and rain, on takyr in places, small temporary lakes up to 0.5 m deep are formed.
For climate description, see the article Baikonur
See also
References
- ^ Collection of aeronautical information No. 13 - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. CAI GA, 2009. {{webarchive | url = https: //web.archive.org/web/20110108021806/Http: //aviadocs.net/CAI/ao13-0911.pdf | date = 2011-01-08} }
- ^ "Посадочный комплекс Байконура" [Landing complex of the Baikonur cosmodrome]. buran.ru. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
- ^ The reusable space system Energia-Buran. Moscow: NPP OmV-Luch, 2004. - 356 p.
- ^ B. N. Yeltsin, L. M. Kravchuk, S. S. Shushkevich, And. A. Karimov, N. A. Nazarbayev, Z. K. Gamsakhurdia, A. N. Mutalibov, M. I. Snegur, A. A. Akayev, R. N. Nabiyev, L. A. Ter-Petrosyan, S. A. Niyazov
- ^ "Воспоминания Cергея Грачева - Парад суверенитетов". buran.ru. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
