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Wing Chun

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For other uses, see Wing Chun (disambiguation).
Wing Chun
Also known asWing Tsun, Ving Tsun
FocusStriking, Grappling, Trapping
Country of originChina
CreatorNg Mui of the Five Elders and Yuen Kay Shan
ParenthoodFujian White Crane, Shequan
Descendant artsJeet Kune Do
Olympic sportNo
Wing Chun
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese詠春
Simplified Chinese咏春
Hanyu PinyinYǒng Chūn
Cantonese YaleWihng Cheūn
Literal meaning"beautiful springtime"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinYǒng Chūn
Bopomofoㄩㄥˇ ㄔㄨㄣ
Wade–GilesYung³ Ch'un¹
Tongyong PinyinYǒng Chun
IPA[jʊ̀ŋ ʈʂʰwə́n]
Hakka
RomanizationYún Chhûn
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationWihng Cheūn
JyutpingWing6 Ceon1
Sidney LauWing6 Cheun1°
Canton RomanizationWing6 Cên1
IPA[wèːŋ tsʰɵ́n]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJÉng-chhun
Vietnamese name
VietnameseVĩnh Xuân

Wing Chun (traditional Chinese: 詠春) is a concept-based traditional Southern Chinese Kung fu (wushu) style and a form of self-defence, also known as "beautiful springtime", that requires quick arm movements and strong legs to defeat opponents.[1] Softness (via relaxation) and performance of techniques in a relaxed manner is fundamental to Wing Chun. According to Ip Man, "Chi Sau in Wing Chun is to maintain one's flexibility and softness, all the while keeping in the strength to fight back, much like the flexible nature of bamboo".[2][3] Notable practitioners of Wing Chun include Bruce Lee, Brandon Lee, Jackie Chan and Robert Downey Jr.[4]

Characteristics

Wing Chun favors a relatively high, narrow stance with the elbows close to the body. Within the stance, arms are generally positioned across the vitals of the centerline with hands in a vertical "wu sau" ("protecting hand" position).[5] This style positions the practitioner to make readily placed blocks and fast-moving blows to vital striking points down the center of the body; neck, chest, belly and groin. Shifting or turning within a stance is done on the heels, balls, or middle (K1 or Kidney 1 point) of the foot, depending on lineage. Some Wing Chun styles discourage the use of high kicks because this risks counter-attacks to the groin. The practice of "settling" one's opponent to brace them more effectively against the ground helps one deliver as much force as possible to them.[6][7]

Relaxation

Softness (via relaxation) and performance of techniques in a relaxed manner, and by training the physical, mental, breathing, energy and force in a relaxed manner to develop Chi "soft wholesome force"[8], is fundamental to Wing Chun. On "softness" in Wing Chun. Yip Man during an interview said:

Wing Chun is in some sense a "soft" school of martial arts. However, if one equates that work as weak or without strength, then they are dead wrong. Chi Sau in Wing Chun is to maintain one's flexibility and softness, all the while keeping in the strength to fight back, much like the flexible nature of bamboo".[2]

Empty hand

小念頭 Siu Nim Tau (Little Idea) The first and most important form in Wing Chun, Siu Nim Tau, ("The little idea for beginning"), is to be practiced throughout the practitioner’s lifetime.[9] It is the foundation or "seed" of the art, on which all succeeding forms and techniques depend.[10] Fundamental rules of balance and body structure are developed here. Using a car analogy; for some branches this would provide the chassis,[11] for others this is the engine.[12] It serves as the basic alphabet of the system. Some branches view the symmetrical stance as the fundamental fighting stance; others see it as a training stance used in developing technique.[13]
尋橋 Chum Kiu (Seeking Bridge) The second form, Chum Kiu, focuses on coordinated movement of bodymass and entry techniques to "bridge the gap" between practitioner and opponent, and move in to disrupt their structure and balance.[14][15] Close-range attacks using the elbows and knees are also developed here. It also teaches methods of recovering position and centerline when in a compromised position where Siu Nim Tau structure has been lost. For some branches, bodyweight in striking is a central theme, either from pivoting (rotational) or stepping (translational). Likewise for some branches, this form provides the engine to the car. For branches that use the "sinking bridge" interpretation, the form takes on more emphasis of an "uprooting" context, adding multi-dimensional movement and spiraling to the already developed engine.
鏢指 Biu Ji (Thrusting Fingers) The third form, Biu Ji, is composed of extreme short-range and extreme long-range techniques, low kicks and sweeps, and "emergency techniques" to counter-attack when structure and centerline have been seriously compromised, such as when the practitioner is seriously injured.[16] As well as pivoting and stepping developed in Chum Kiu, a third degree of freedom involves more upper body and stretching is developed for more power. Such movements include close-range elbow strikes and finger thrusts to the throat. For some branches this is the turbo-charger of the car; for others it can be seen as a "pit stop" kit that should never come into play, recovering your "engine" when it has been lost. Still other branches view this form as imparting deadly "killing" and maiming techniques that should never be used without good reason. A common Wing Chun saying is "Biu Ji doesn't go out the door". Some interpret this to mean the form should be kept secret; others interpret it as meaning it should never be used if you can help it.

Donnie Yen played the role of Wing Chun Grandmaster Ip Man in the 2008 movie Ip Man, which was a box office success, and in its sequels Ip Man 2, Ip Man 3, and Ip Man 4.[17][18] Max Zhang (Zhang Jin) who played the role of Cheung Tin Chi in Ip Man 3 starred in a spin-off and direct sequel movie called Master Z: The Ip Man Legacy, which follows the events after the end of Ip Man 3.[19]

Stephen Amell on the CW show Arrow has incorporated Wing Chun into his fighting style; his character practices on a Muk Yan Jong (wooden dummy).[20]

Notable practitioners

Branches

Main article: Branches of Wing Chun

See also

References

  1. ^ Concepts, Steve Creel, Wing Chun. "About Wing Chun Kung Fu". Wing Chun Concepts. Retrieved 2018-11-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b "An Interview With Grandmaster Yip Man from 1972". My Way of Wing Chun. 2013-07-11. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
  3. ^ "Wing Chun and Bruce Lee". Post Magazine. Retrieved 2019-02-17.
  4. ^ a b Sarah Kurchak (February 8, 2016). "How Wing Chun Helped Robert Downey Jr. Battle Addiction". Fightland.
  5. ^ "How to Wu Sau Correctly - Technique is Everything | Sifu Och Wing Chun". Sifu Och Wing Chun. 2016-09-07. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
  6. ^ "Rediscovering the Roots of Wing Chun". Kung Fu Magazine. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
  7. ^ McKnight, David; Kwok Chow, Sifu Chung. "Integrative Wing Chun". Kung Fu Magazine. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
  8. ^ Roselando, Jim (2011-01-28). "One Wing Chun Kung Fu Family – W1NG : » Coaching From The Ancestors". web.archive.org. Retrieved 2019-01-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  9. ^ "WING CHUN CONCEPTS: Siu Nim Tao". Wing Chun Concepts. 2017-09-23. Archived from the original on 2017-09-23. Retrieved 2017-10-24. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Michel Boulet. "The Simple Basics of a Complex Art". the Wing Chun Archive. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  11. ^ Jim Fung (2009-02-23). "Wing Chun Stance". International wing Chun academy. Wingchun.com.au. Archived from the original on 2014-03-19. Retrieved 2013-02-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "The Hidden Power of Siu Nim Tau by Tsui Sheung Tin". 2017-05-22. Retrieved 2018-11-23.
  13. ^ Sifu Cogar. "An Overview of Wing Chun". richhealthandwellness.com. Archived from the original on 2010-02-03. Retrieved 2007-05-04.
  14. ^ "The Forms of Wing Chun Kuen Kung Fu | Reading Academy Wing Chun & Kali". Teamwingchun.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-05-01. Retrieved 2013-02-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ "Ving Tsun Martial Arts Studio – Training". Tstvingtsun.bc.ca. Archived from the original on 2013-06-28. Retrieved 2013-02-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ City Wing Chun – Training Notes Archived April 15, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ "2008 Chinese Box Office records". Boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  18. ^ "IP Man 4 Teaser Trailer Pits Donnie Yen Against Scott Adkins". Movies. Retrieved 2019-03-20.
  19. ^ Shaw Theatres, Master Z: The Ip Man Legacy Official Trailer, retrieved 2019-01-19
  20. ^ "Arrow's stunt coordinator teaches us how to fight like Oliver Queen". Youtube. December 19, 2014. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  21. ^ "BRUCE LEE AND HIS FRIENDSHIP WITH WONG SHUN LEUNG".
  22. ^ "Who Taught Bruce Lee?".
  23. ^ "Wong meet Bruce Lee".
  24. ^ "Wong Shun Leung – The Logic Behind Wing Chun".
  25. ^ "Sifu Li Heng Chang Official Website (Chinese: 李恆昌)". Archived from the original on 2011-11-13. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ "重温《功夫》看星爷打咏春拳".
  27. ^ "Jackie Chan Wing Chun Practitioner".
  28. ^ "壹盤生意叛逆詠春派搶攻上位 - 明星八掛大分享".
  29. ^ "Victor Wooten Age, Hometown, Biography". Last.fm. December 15, 2010.

Further reading

  • Chu, Robert; Ritchie, Rene; & Wu, Muthu Veeran (India). (1998). Complete Wing Chun: The Definitive Guide to Wing Chun's History and Traditions. Boston: Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3141-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Leung Ting (1978). Wing Tsun Kuen. Hong Kong: Leung's Publications. ISBN 962-7284-01-7.
  • Ritchie, René. "Wing Chun Concepts". Yuen Kay-San Wing Chun Kuen: History & Practice. Archived from the original on 24 August 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • Williams, Randy. Wing Chun Gung Fu: The Explosive Art of Close Range Combat.

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