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Julia Gasper is an English independent academic specialising in early modern literature, and a right-wing political activist affiliated with the English Democrats. She formerly belonged to the UK Independence Party (UKIP). A vociferous critic of LGBT rights, she has generated controversy with comments widely deemed homophobic and transphobic.

In 1987, Gasper obtained a D.Phil in English Literature from the University of Oxford after studying at Somerville College. She converted her D.Phil thesis – a study of the role of Protestantism in the work of Thomas Dekker – into her first book; published in 1990, it received a mixed critical reception. She has since published two further books on eighteenth-century European history, on Theodore of Corsica and the Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens respectively.

Involved in local politics within the Oxford area, she serves as a parish councillor for Risinghurst and Sandhills. In 2012 Gasper was selected as UKIP's Parliamentary candidate for Oxford East. She was scrutinised for her anti-LGBT blog posts by LGBT-themed news service PinkNews. When The Sunday Mirror exposed further anti-LGBT comments that she had made on a UKIP members forum, she was denounced by party leader Nigel Farage and stepped down from her position. Changing her allegiance to the English Democrats, she unsuccessfully stood for them in the 2014 European Parliament election and for Oxford City Council in a local by-election.

Academic career

In 1987, Gasper obtained a D.Phil in English Literature from the University of Oxford after studying at Somerville College.[1][2] Her thesis examined the Protestant plays of Elizabethan English playwright Thomas Dekker.[2] In 1990, Clarendon Press published Gasper's work The Dragon and the Dove: The Plays of Thomas Dekker. Writing in The Yearbook of English Studies, John Stachniewski of the University of Manchester described the book as "trenchant and well-informed" and expressed the view that he found Gasper's thesis – that Dekker's dramatic works subscribed to a militant Protestant ideology – to be "convincing".[3] John Harmon of Syracuse University reviewed Gasper's book for the English Studies journal, describing it as "crisply researched" and "eminently readable" although thought that she argued "somewhat defensively" that scholars should take Dekker's work more seriously.[4] Reviewing the book for The Review of English Studies, T. H. Howard-Hill of the University of South Carolina noted that despite the work's title, it did not examine all of Dekker's 26 plays but only a selection of them. While noting that the work was "thoroughly researched, well documented, and densely written", Hill also opined that it was "disjointed, digressive, repetitive, and rambling" and felt that it did not "convincingly illustrate Decker's militant Protestant orientation" in some of the plays that she had discussed.[5]

In 2013 the University of Delaware Press published her book Theodore von Neuhoff, King of Corsica: The Man behind the Legend. Reviewing the book for the European Review of History: Revue europeenne d'histoire, José Miguel Escribano Páeza of the European University Institute noted that Gasper brought a novel approach to her examination of the Corsican monarch. Although describing the "exciting" work as an "interesting exercise in historical biography", he noted that Gasper paints a "hagiographic image" of von Neuhoff, for instance by unconvincingly portraying him as a "military genius" and by falling into "the trap of seeing things in black and white by frequently presenting Neuhoff and his followers as heroes fighting against villains."[6]

Political activity

Gasper occasionally lectured at Oxford University, served as a parish councillor for Risinghurst and Sandhills, and had founded the Windmill Road Residents' Association and the Friends of Bury Knowle Library.[7] The International Business Times characterised her as a "right-wing political activist".[8]

UKIP candidacy: 2012–13

Oxford East parliamentary election 2010 candidates (Gasper on far left)

In early 2012, UKIP selected Gasper to represent them as their Parliamentary candidate for Oxford East, while she also began campaigning to be elected onto Oxford City Council.[9] Asserting that "my central message is to take back control of this country", she campaigned on a platform of promoting the UK's removal from the European Union, opposing "mass immigration", abolishing university tuition fees, and increasing the state pension.[10]

During her campaign, a resident in the Oxford area discovered a blog post which Gasper had authored in 2010; concerned about its contents, they contacted the LGBT-themed news service Pink News, which then reported on it.[9] Stating that homosexuality was not a sexual orientation but a "form of behaviour", in her post Gasper suggested that same-sex attraction was a choice,[9] before criticising gay people for "complaining constantly of persecution" and being insufficiently grateful to heterosexuals for creating them.[9][11] Asserting that legal support for LGBT rights had "gone too far", she condemned same-sex marriage and the adoption of children by same-sex couples as "wholly unacceptable",[9] and claimed that there were strong links between male homosexuality and paedophilia.[7][9][11] Her claims generated outrage,[7] with a UKIP spokesperson commenting that while the party did not endorse Gasper's views on this issue, it did uphold her right to hold and express them.[7][12]

Later that month Gasper complained that readers of Pink News had threatened her, declaring that they should be forcibly institutionalised under the Mental Health Act.[8][12] In doing so, she compared her situation to that of Salman Rushdie during The Satanic Verses controversy.[12] She then claimed that she had received email death threats and was under police protection, assertions that local police refused to either confirm or deny.[7] Commenting to Cherwell, she claimed her views on LGBT issues were "very, very middle ground" and that she had not said anything homophobic, but been the victim of "a malicious witch hunt".[11] Roweena Russell, former chair of the International Gay Lesbian Bisexual Transgender Youth and Student Organisation, emailed Gasper to discuss the latter's comments, to which Gasper responded that Russell too should be institutionalised.[12] Russell proceeded to condemn Gasper, stating that "as a long-term political activist I'm disgusted she used this kind of language. Using mental health as a slur on top of everything else she's doing is just unacceptable."[12] Rafe Jeune, chair of Oxford's Pride parade, characterised Gasper's comments as "abhorrent" and "disgusting", noting that there was no evidence to link paedophilia and homosexuality.[7]

In the 2010 United Kingdom general election Gasper came fifth in her constituency with 2.3% of the vote (1,202 votes).[13]

UKIP leader Nigel Farage: Gasper's "war against homosexuals is unacceptable".[14]

In January 2013, The Sunday Mirror revealed that in a UKIP members' online forum Gasper had condemned LGBT rights as a "lunatic's charter", while claiming that some homosexuals prefer sex with animals over that with other humans, and reiterating her belief in a link between homosexuality and paedophilia.[14][15] The newspaper characterised the comments as "extremist and offensive" and noted that the forum contained many homophobic and racist statements from UKIP members.[16] When The Sunday Mirror asked for comment, Gasper stated that "I'm not going to talk about them. It's none of your business."[14] Political commentator Nick Cohen, commenting in The Observer, described Gasper as an advocate of "dumb prejudice".[17]

The forum was shut down, Gasper resigned from her position as chairman of UKIP's Oxford branch, and a number of her supporters were also removed from the committee.[16][18] A party spokesperson stated Gasper had stepped down "to avoid doing herself or the party any more damage".[16] Gasper insisted the withdrawal was her own decision, adding that she had been the victim of a "press vendetta".[19] UKIP stated that her resignation as Oxfordshire branch chair was welcome, but she would not be forced out of the party altogether.[18] However, UKIP leader Nigel Farage condemned Gasper's "war against homosexuals" as "unacceptable",[14][16][20] while Olly Neville, former chairman of UKIP's Young Independent wing, tweeted a message of support for Gasper's removal, stating that "her disgraceful views have no place as a rep[resentative] of a mainstream party".[20]

Gasper later lambasted UKIP as being "plagued with transsexuals", a reference to the trans women Nikki Sinclaire and Kellie Maloney, both of whom have served as candidates for the party. Asserting that she refused to recognise trans women as women, she declared Maloney to be "absolutely grotesque" and added that her transition was "totally barmy – and how pathetic that he [sic] can do nothing better with his life."[21] In May, a former UKIP activist, Colin Cortbus, also publicly revealed to Cherwell that in emails Gasper had sent to him she had again emphasised a connection between homosexuality and paedophilia, and had described the Quran as a "fascist" book, comparing it to Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf and describing Islam as "a severely oppressive ideology".[11]

In November 2013, Gasper was criticised for an essay entitled "The Myth of the Homocaust", which she uploaded to her academia.edu account. It claimed that LGBT rights activists had fabricated the extent of the Nazi persecution of homosexuals.[22] Olivia Marks-Woldman, chief executive of the Holocaust Memorial Day Trust, criticised Gasper's claims as disappointing: "Whilst it is important to recognise the differences between the ways the Nazis persecuted different groups, this shouldn't lead us to question the fact that thousands of gay men suffered appalling persecution because of their sexuality."[23]

English Democrats: 2014–16

After leaving UKIP, Gasper joined the English Democrats (campaign van pictured)

Disillusioned with UKIP, Gasper switched her allegiance to the English Democrats.[22] In April 2014, she declared there were far too many gay people in the Houses of Parliament, deeming this a "violation of democracy". Claiming that only 1.5% of the population was gay, she stated this could justify no more than ten gay MPs, far less than the hundreds that she alleged existed.[24][25][26] In the same post, she called for the gay networking and dating app Grindr to be banned as a threat to "public health".[25][26] Questioned by the BBC, the English Democrats' party spokesman Steve Uncles defended Gasper's "personal opinion", which he claimed was based on a traditional, Christian understanding of sexuality, adding that she was "factually correct" in her claims regarding the number of homosexuals in Parliament.[24] Conversely, her statistics were dismissed as "absurd" by the Oxford University Student Union's LGBT representative; they characterised Gasper's comments as representing evidence of the continuing existence of those with "alarming prejudices" who "wish to actively discriminate against LGBTQ people".[26]

The following month, Gasper commented on the resignation of Brendan Eich as CEO of Mozilla after it was revealed that he had financially supported a group campaigning to prevent the legal recognition of same-sex marriage in California. Gasper claimed Eich had been "victimised by a queer mafia that takes a vindictive pleasure in bullying and abusing people" and that this "Homo fascism is a threat to fundamental human rights."[24][27] Among those she accused of contributing to this campaign were US President Barack Obama, British Prime Minister David Cameron, Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, the Labour Party, the United Nations, the European Union, Amnesty International, the Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby, the Bishop of Buckingham Alan Wilson, Pope Francis, the actor Daniel Radcliffe, all European and American universities, and media such as The Guardian, The Daily Mail, and The Huffington Post.[27] The following day, she condemned World AIDS Day as a celebration of HIV/AIDS and homosexuality, claiming it "congratulates" people for "spreading the disease".[22][28] Some days later she claimed that in campaigning for legal recognition of same-sex marriage, "queer thugs and gangsters" had "used violence, threats, censorship, abuse, and every form of dirty tactic". She hoped that "a twinge of guilt... kills them".[29]

"So-called 'hate-crimes' you refer to in Russia, Uganda etc are frauds. Yes, frauds. Matthew Shepard was a fraud, David Kato was a fraud, gay-burning in Uganda is a fraud [...] they're all frauds."

— Julia Gasper, 2014.[30]

In May, Gasper stood as the English Democrats' candidate for the South East England region in the European Parliament elections, gaining the votes of 0.76% of the electorate (17,771 votes).[31] Following the resignation of the Labour councillor for Quarry and Risinghurst on the Oxford City Council, Gasper stood as the English Democrats' candidate for the seat,[32] coming last with 43 votes.[33][34]

After this failure, Gasper returned to her blog to argue there were "far too many homosexual comedians on TV", focusing her criticism on Graham Norton, "the horrid little Alan Carr", and "the unctuous Stephen Fry [...] portly, preening and self-satisfied."[30] She also posted that homosexuals were not persecuted anywhere in the world and that claims to the contrary, such as those regarding the murders of Matthew Shepard and David Kato, were "fraudulent".[30] Pink News, she said, operated as a "mafia" and had placed the actor Rupert Everett on its "hit list", forcing him to obtain police protection.[1][35][36] In October 2014, Pink News founder Benjamin Cohen claimed this constituted libel and threatened legal action against her.[1][35][36] Gasper responded that she did not simply stand by what she had said, but that she was "proud of it and I have morality on my side".[35] The day after singer David Bowie died in January 2016, she posted on her blog that he was a "famous queer Nazi", adding her view that there was "a remarkable affinity" between Nazism and the LGBT rights movement.[37] The following month she used Twitter to complain that Oxford University's Bodleian Library had tweeted in support of LGBT History Month; in her message, she stated that it was "a disgrace to Oxford" and that "this unsavoury paedophile movement should have no publicity or promotion from any university."[38][39]

Gasper retained her seat as parish councillor for Risinghurst and Sandhills at the United Kingdom local elections, 2016.[40] In February 2017, she again attracted attention after posting images of Jimmy Savile and Peter Jaconelli to her blog along with the caption "what could be more suitable for annual LGBT History Month than this heart-warming picture of two of Britain's most inveterate paedophiles hand in hand".[41][42] Commenting in an article in Cherwell, Samuel Rutishauser-Mills questioned why the media bothered reporting on Gasper's anti-LGBT comments, noting that as a parish councillor her "political significance is tenuous... and scarcely newsworthy or interesting."[36] He warned that excessive coverage of such opinions was counterproductive to the advancement of LGBT rights, by making "extreme homophobia" seem more commonplace than it really is.[36]

Bibliography

Year of publication Title Publisher
1990 The Dragon and the Dove: The Plays of Thomas Dekker Clarendon Press (Oxford)[43]
2013 Theodore von Neuhoff, King of Corsica: The Man Behind the Legend University of Delaware Press (Delaware)[44]
2014 The Marquis d'Argens: A Philosophical Life Lexington Press (Plymouth)[45]

References

  1. ^ a b c Tom Calver (8 October 2014). "Parish Councillor and Old Oxonian faces legal action". Cherwell. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014.
  2. ^ a b "The Protestant plays of Thomas Dekker". Bodleian Library catalogue. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016.
  3. ^ Stachniewsky, John (1993). "Review of Julia Gasper, The Dragon and the Dove". The Yearbook of English Studies. 23: 333–334. JSTOR 3508009.
  4. ^ Harmon, John (1993). "Review of Julia Gasper, The Dragon and the Dove". English Studies. 73 (6): 550–552. doi:10.1080/00138389208598837.
  5. ^ Hill, T. H. (1992). "Review of Julia Gasper, The Dragon and the Dove". The Review of English Studies. 43 (172): 554–555. JSTOR 518743.
  6. ^ Escribano Páeza, José Miguel (2014). "Review of Julia Gasper, Theodore von Neuhoff, King of Corsica". European Review of History: Revue europeenne d'histoire. 21 (1): 125–127. doi:10.1080/13507486.2013.871939.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Rhianne Pope (2 May 2012). "UKIP candidate gets death threats over homophobic comments". Oxford Mail. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013.
  8. ^ a b Lydia Smith (2 March 2015). "Ukip and homophobia: Nigel Farage and his party have run out of ways to say sorry". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Stephen Gray (27 April 2012). "UKIP candidate suggested gays 'stop complaining and start thanking straight people'". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 16 December 2015.
  10. ^ "Julia Gasper". Winsford Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016.
  11. ^ a b c d Mischa Frankl-Duval (4 May 2012). "UKIP Candidate slammed for 'homophobia'". Cherwell. Archived from the original on 25 June 2013.
  12. ^ a b c d e Stephen Gray (30 April 2012). "UKIP candidate Dr Gasper: PinkNews readers 'should be sectioned under Mental Health Act'". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015.
  13. ^ "Parliamentary Election Results for Oxford East" (PDF). Oxford Government. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ a b c d Vincent Moss (12 January 2013). "Ugly face of UKIP: Sunday Mirror exposes racist and homophobic views of party members". Sunday Mirror. Archived from the original on 1 May 2015.
  15. ^ Joe Morgan (13 January 2013). "UKIP members' extreme anti-gay views exposed". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  16. ^ a b c d Vincent Moss (19 January 2013). "Top UKIP official quits after gay hate rant exposed by Sunday Mirror". Sunday Mirror. Archived from the original on 18 April 2015.
  17. ^ Nick Cohen (14 April 2013). "Why David Cameron Won't Confront UKIP". The Observer. Archived from the original on 24 April 2015.
  18. ^ a b Joseph Patrick McCormick (16 January 2014). "UKIP local chair who compared homosexuality to bestiality forced to resign". Pink News. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015.
  19. ^ Bithia Large (1 February 2013). "UKIP Oxford Chair steps down". Cherwell. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016.
  20. ^ a b Joe Morgan (17 January 2015). "UKIP chair forced to resign after anti-gay views exposed". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013.
  21. ^ Nick Duffy (18 August 2014). "Former UKIP candidate: Party is plagued with grotesque transsexuals". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015.
  22. ^ a b c Jessica Elgot (2 May 2014). "MEP Candidate Julia Gasper Backed By English Democrats For Views on World Aids Day And Gays". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 4 September 2014.
  23. ^ "Former UKIP candidate Julia Gasper questions whether the only gay Holocaust victims were Jews". Pink News. 29 November 2013. Archived from the original on 29 December 2015.
  24. ^ a b c Ross Hawkins (1 May 2014). "English Democrats back 'too many gay MPs' comments candidate". BBC News. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015.
  25. ^ a b Joseph Patrick McCormick (1 May 2014). "MEP candidate: Ban Grindr to stop gay MPs from 'violating democracy'". Pink News. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015.
  26. ^ a b c Tom Calver (8 May 2014). ""Too many homosexuals in Parliament" - Oxford MEP candidate". Cherwell. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016.
  27. ^ a b Joseph Patrick McCormick (1 May 2014). "South East England MEP candidate: Daniel Radcliffe and the Pope bullied CEO into quitting". Pink News. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015.
  28. ^ Joseph Patrick McCormick (2 May 2014). "MEP candidate: World AIDS day 'congratulates' people for 'spreading the disease'". Pink News. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015.
  29. ^ Joseph Patrick McCormick (9 May 2014). "MEP candidate: I hope the 'guilt' of same-sex marriage 'kills' the 'queer gangsters'". Pink News. Archived from the original on 18 April 2015.
  30. ^ a b c Joseph Patrick McCormick (28 May 2014). "Failed MEP candidate: 'All hate crime victims like Matthew Shepard are frauds'". Pink News. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015.
  31. ^ Nick Duffy (26 May 2014). "Julia Gasper, who claims 'queer gangsters' bullied for marriage, flops in European elections". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 30 September 2015.
  32. ^ "Outspoken academic to battle by-election". Oxford Mail. 26 August 2014. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015.
  33. ^ "Labour holds Quarry and Risinghurst in city by-election". Oxford Mail. 19 September 2014. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015.
  34. ^ Nick Duffy (18 September 2014). "Julia Gasper, who called for PinkNews readers to be sectioned, flops in council by-election". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 28 June 2015.
  35. ^ a b c "Parish councillor threatened with legal action". Oxford Mail. 1 October 2014. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  36. ^ a b c d Samuel Rutishauser-Mills (12 October 2014). "Julia Gasper: Why do we bother to report her comments?". Cherwell. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016.
  37. ^ Template:Cite article
  38. ^ Template:Cite article
  39. ^ Template:Cite article
  40. ^ Joseph Patrick McCormick (7 May 2016). "Politician who said David Bowie was a 'gay nazi' maintains seat in local election". Pink News.
  41. ^ Template:Cite article
  42. ^ Template:Cite article
  43. ^ Gasper, Julia (1990). The Dragon and the Dove: The Plays of Thomas Dekker. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0198117582.
  44. ^ Gasper, Julia (2013). Theodore von Neuhoff, King of Corsica: The Man Behind the Legend. Delaware: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 978-1611494402.
  45. ^ Gasper, Julia (2014). The Marquis d'Argens: A Philosophical Life. Plymouth: Lexington Press. ISBN 978-0739182338.
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