Bion 11
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| Mission type | Bioscience |
|---|---|
| Operator | Institute of Biomedical Problems |
| COSPAR ID | 1996-073A |
| SATCAT no. | 24701 |
| Mission duration | 14 days |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft type | Bion |
| Bus | Zenit |
| Manufacturer | TsSKB Progress |
| Launch mass | 5,400 kilograms (11,900 lb)[1] |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 24 December 1996, 13:50:00 UTC |
| Rocket | Soyuz 11A511U |
| Launch site | Plesetsk 43/4 |
| End of mission | |
| Landing date | 7 January 1997, 05:02 UTC |
| Landing site | Kazakhstan |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Low Earth |
| Eccentricity | 0.0115737[2] |
| Perigee altitude | 217 kilometres (135 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 372 kilometres (231 mi) |
| Inclination | 62.8º |
| Period | 90.5 minutes |
| RAAN | 198.8518 degrees |
| Argument of perigee | 109.1102 degrees |
| Mean anomaly | 252.3079 degrees |
| Mean motion | 15.92753966 |
| Epoch | 7 January 1997, 00:06:55 UTC |
| Revolution no. | 214 |
Bion 11 was a Russian space mission that was part of the Bion series of space flights. Scientists from France, Russia and United States conducted the experiments.
Mission
It carried newts, snails, Drosophila flies and other insects, bacteria, and two macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta), Lapik and Multik. Both monkeys were safe at landing but Multik died of a heart attack during medical tests under general anaesthetic on 8 January 1997.
The Magee-8 scientific equipment was designed to study the basic features of electrostatic modular protection system. Other equipment was used to maintain the temperature and humidity within the specified range, the atmospheric regeneration, physiological parameters of the monkeys were recorded and transferred them to the ground in TV picture.
A similar mission "Bion-12" was scheduled for December 1998 but did not take place due to cessation of participation of the United States.
Details
- Launch date: 24 December 1996.
- Launch Site: Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russia.
- Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
- Perigee: 225 kilometres (140 mi).
- Apogee: 401 kilometres (249 mi)
- Inclination: 62.8 deg.
- Duration: 14.00 days.
- Propulsion: 11D82M
See also
External links
References
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