Talk:Ramakrishna

Obvious error restored by User:Gbohoadgwwian

The statement about the Cohen paper was plain wrong.

the paper does not say this and by restoring an incorrect phrase, Gbohoadgwwian is taking the BURDEN to be repsonsible for adding mistakes to wikipedia.

i have read this paper, and this is not what the Martin Cohen paper says.

The paper is this

Cohen, Martin (2008). "Spiritual Improvisations: Ramakrishna, Aurobindo, and the Freedom of Tradition". Religion and the Arts. BRILL. 12 (1–3): 277–293. doi:10.1163/156852908X271079.

See this https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ramakrishna&diff=833953063&oldid=833939069

Removal of sourced info

@Ellis408: you removed a lot of sourced info; partly because it belongs in another section, according to you; partly because it is already covered. Unfortunately, you didn't bother to actually move the info you thought to belong somewhere else to the appropriate section, but just deleted it; you also deleted info which, contrary to your statement, was not covered elsewhere in the article. And this removed not just Kripal's argument, but also othe rinformation. Given this, your main objective seems to be to remove Kripal. And please discuss articles at the talkpage, not at offline discussions, as you proposed at here. Thanks. Joshua Jonathan -Let's talk! 18:56, 20 July 2019 (UTC)

Hi Joshua Jonathan - You are wrong that I want to remove Kripal, but rather give him appropriate coverage, given his minority views of Ramakrishna and the critical push back on his scholarship regarding Kali's Child. The book, Kali's Child, has a whole section within the Ramakrishna article, which gives Kripal's views, summarizes his book, and offers opposing views - we don't need to reiterate those same views in various sections of the RK article. There is also a whole separate article on Kali's Child.

I would like to open this discussion to Wikipedia editors who know nothing of Ramakrishna, to discuss if the numerous citations of Kripal in this article, outside the KC section, are excessive and promotional. I think so.

Let's go through my edits section by section - I'll put the deletions in quotes:

Bhakti and Tantra

"Jeffrey J. Kripal argued that Ramakrishna rejected Advaita Vedanta in favour of Shakti Tantra.[111]"

[1] I removed this quote as it's a reiteration of points made earlier in this section and throughout the article. Nobody argues that RK was a Jnani or Advaitist. There is no need for this quote – as it is saying the same things as the four quotes above it.

"Carl Olson argued that in his presentation of his master, Vivekananda had hid much of Ramakrishna's embarrassing sexual oddities from the public, because he feared that Ramakrishna would be misunderstood.[116] Tyagananda and Vrajaprana argue that Oslon makes his "astonishing claim" based on Kripal's speculations in Kali's Child, which they argue are unsupported by any of the source texts.[117]"

[2] I removed this paragraph as the points it makes belong to the KC section or the KC article – I didn’t move it to the KC section or KC article, as it’s the same argument that's already put forth there. Just because it's sourced doesn't mean it needs to be in the article. BTW - I've not touched the KC article or Kripal's personal article.

The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna

"The principal source for Ramakrishna's teaching is Mahendranath Gupta's Sri Sri Ramakrishna Kathamrita, which is regarded as a Bengali classic.[77][78] Kripal calls it "the central text of the tradition"[79]"

[3] The additional quote from Kripal just reiterates the first sentence and is only promotional for Kripal. Isn't "principal source" and "central text" the same thing? Is it needed, or is it promotional?

Philosopher Lex Hixon writes that the Gospel is "spiritually authentic" and a "powerful rendering of the Kathamrita".[80][81]Malcolm Mclean[82] and Jeffrey Kripal argue that the translation is unreliable,[81] though Kripal's interpretation is criticized by Hugh Urban.[83]

[4] The second reference to the Lex Hixon quote, number 81, points to Kripal but is, in fact, a quote from Hixon. The second sentence is just another reiteration of what should be in the KC section. There is no need to reiterate the KC argument and rebuttal in every possible section.

God-realization

[5] The whole paragraph after first sentence is just another vehicle for the Kali’s Child debate, which belongs to the KC section or article, and doesn't fit in this section. Perhaps the KC section needs to be expanded to include those quotes you feel are important, but I deleted as either repetitive or non-sequester to the section.

[6] You also deleted my additional wording: "He [Ramakrishna] believed the Vedic teachings that the various religions of the world, through a variety of spiritual practices, lead to God-realization." That point was not made elsewhere and is important for understanding RK and the movement.

Islam and Christianity

"After three days of practice he had a vision of a "radiant personage with grave countenance and white beard resembling the Prophet and merging with his body".[62] Kripal writes that this "would have been a heretical experience through and through" for most Muslims.[58]"

[7] The last sentence is a promotional quote for Kripal and is not relevant. Kripal is not a Muslim scholar and how the various other religions of the world might view RK's experiences is not relevant for this article or section.

Joshua Jonathan, I hope you will take my comments seriously. I am a serious editor and do not add or delete things without serious consideration. If you look at my changes objectively, I would hope you agree that the arguments for Kripal's views and Kali's Child need to be in the Kali's Child section and article. Thank you. Ellis408 (talk) 21:58, 20 July 2019 (UTC)

@Ellis408: thank you for your extensive reply; highly appreciated. I'll read them in detail later (just out of bed). Joshua Jonathan -Let's talk! 05:41, 21 July 2019 (UTC)

• ad [1], Advaita Vedanta, diff, edit-summary Deleted "Ramakrishna rejected Advaita Vedanta in favour of Shakti Tantra" as it's a reiteration of a point made earlier in this section and elsewhere.. Yes, they're saying more or less the same thng - so why remove this specific quote? The point is in the combination with the next subsection, "Transformation into neo-Vedantin": Ramakrishna was presented as an Advaitin by Vivekenanda and the like; scholars have correctly pointed out that this was areinterpretation (compare Ramana Maharshi).
• ad [2], Carl Olson, diff, subsection "Transformation into neo-Vedantin," edit-summary Removed paragraph that starts with "Carl Olson" - it's a re-statement of the Kali's Child argument - belongs in KC section.. I understand your argument, yet this paragraph is about the presentation of Ramakrishna by his followers, and the purging of some of his more erratic behaviour. Anything wrong with the source?
• ad [3], Ramakrishna Kathamrita, diff, edit-summary Removed unnecessary quote from first paragraph. It is a re-statement of first part of the sentence. Removed bad reference link - Hixon's quote was credited to Kripal. Removed ongoing disputed views of translations - well covered elsewhere.. You've got a point here. Yet, it also doesn't hurt to have this quote. I don't see how it is promotional for Jeffrey Kopal. Anyway, you could have kept the reference.
• ad [4], Hixon, same diff as [3]. I've removed the incorrect reference. The ongoing disputed views of translations is not covered elsewhere in this article; what you kept was Philosopher Lex Hixon writes that the Gospel is "spiritually authentic" and a "powerful rendering of the Kathamrita". That's looks like a breach of WP:NPOV.
• ad [5] , God-realization, diff, edit-summary Deleted Kali's Child argument - not part of this section. Added reference to the Vedas as basis of Ramakrishna's approach to the world's religions.. It seems to me that this is about a specific aspect of Ramakrishna's teaching, kamini-kanchana, not about Kripal's Kali's Child. It may be somewhat WP:UNDUE, though.
• ad [6], same diff as [5]. Is it a Vedic teaching that the various religions of the world, through a variety of spiritual practices, lead to God-realization? I don't think so. What you can state, though, is

He believed that the various religions of the world, through a variety of spiritual practices, lead to God-realization.

• ad [7], Islam and Christianity, diff, edit-summary Deleted quote about how most Muslims would feel about Ramakrishna's experiences; not relevant to this article. Also fixed two reference errors. I don't see how this is "promotional." Please ask an Indian muslim how they feel about this; I can guarantee you they won't like Ramakrishna's interpretations. It does matter in the Indian context; people die there for religion. Kripal rightly contrasts Ramakrishna's inclusive approach, and his claim that all religions lead to the same goal, with the way other religions look at their own tradition.
• Regarding the cite-errors: see Template:Sfn.

Regards, Joshua Jonathan -Let's talk! 06:53, 21 July 2019 (UTC)

Hi Joshua, thank you for your detailed reply. I'll look over your comments and edits and get back to you. Ellis408 (talk) 08:10, 21 July 2019 (UTC)

For the record: I've added an additinal comment after your reply above, for the sake of comprehension. Joshua Jonathan -Let's talk! 13:20, 21 July 2019 (UTC)

Hi Joshua - I should explain what I mean by the number of Kripal citations being "promotional" for Kripal. I got into this while doing research for an article I'm working on, about how the West first came to know about RK and his followers and went to the Ramakrishna Wiki page. I noticed that Kripal was mentioned throughout the article, in ways that didn't seem to fit with the particular section or was needed for the overall article. There were also sloppy insertions of his name, like the Hixon quote being attributed to Kripal. There are hundreds of biographies written about Ramakrishna, many by notable historians, scholars, and notable authors. Kripal wrote one book on RK, that is both highly controversial and, according to Kali's Child Revisited, discredited for sloppy scholarship, mistaken translations, and misquotes. I counted 10 Kripal citations in the article, not including the footnotes. That's more than any other author, and some very notable authors of RK biographies are not mentioned at all - like Christopher Isherwood, who wrote Ramakrishna and His Disciples, perhaps the most popular English biography after the Gospel of Ramakrishna. I also noticed that many of the Kripal quotes have his name attached to the quote, where other quotes from authors and books only have the quote and a reference number in the article, and the author or book is only mentioned in the footnote. It all seemed quite imbalanced and improper to me - and still does. I was not familiar with the term until you pointed it out, but I guess my main objection falls into the category of WP:UNDUE Ellis408 (talk) 17:48, 21 July 2019 (UTC)

Hi Joshua, on your point ad [6] - "Truth is One, Sages Call it Variously" - is from the Rig Veda, and is the foundation of the view that all religions can lead to God realization. It is Vedic in origin. Ellis408 (talk) 17:48, 21 July 2019 (UTC)

Good point. It's probably due to the shortcomings of Wikipedia: a public encyclopedia written by volunteers. Articles can be unbalanced, despite multiple editors working on it. The Vedic quote is interesting, though the original is a little bit different. I didn't know it. Did Ramakrishna himself have it as a motto, or is it from his 'neo-vedantin' followers. Joshua Jonathan -Let's talk! 06:39, 25 July 2019 (UTC)

Hi Joshua. Thank you for introducing me to the WP:UNDUE policy - the description of the policy exactly fits what I was trying to say.

Regarding the quote from the Rig Veda, I personally can't validate the translation: "Truth is One, Sages Call it Variously". That's roughly how I've always heard it. Google comes up with a few variations, but is clearly the same idea.

https://vedanta.org/what-is-vedanta/harmony-of-religions/ "“Truth is one; sages call it by various names,” the Rig Veda, one of Vedanta’s most ancient texts, declared thousands of years ago."

https://www.religiousforums.com/threads/rig-veda-quote-truth-is-one.83895/ "The Rig Veda Samhita 1.164.46 ...says : "ekam sad vipra bahudha vadanti agnim yamam matariswanam ahuh" meaning Truth is One, but the learned refer to it in different names like agni, yama, matariswan."

http://yogananda.com.au/upa/Upanishads01.html "One of the most important verses of the Rig Veda (1.164.46) is The Reality (Truth) is ONE: the wise call It by various names. (Ekam sat vipra bahudha vadanti)"

I don't know if Ramakrishna quoted that verse of the Rig Veda directly - maybe he did, but his teachings clearly make the same point (these quotes are all from the first 200 pages of the Gospel of Ramakrishna, as listed by https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ramakrishna):

God can be realized through all paths. All religions are true. The important thing is to reach the roof. You can reach it by stone stairs or by wooden stairs or by bamboo steps or by a rope. You can also climb up by a bamboo pole. Page 111

With sincerity and earnestness one can realize God through all religions. The Vaishnavas will realize God, and so will the Saktas, the Vedantists and the Brahmos. The Mussalmans and the Christians will realize him too. All will certainly realize God if they are earnest and sincere. Page 124

I had to practise each religion for a time — Hinduism, Islām, Christianity. Furthermore, I followed the paths of the Śāktas, Vaishnavas, and Vedāntists. I realized that there is only one God toward whom all are travelling; but the paths are different. Page 129

One should not think, "My religion alone is the right path and other religions are false." God can be realized by means of all paths. It is enough to have sincere yearning for God. Infinite are the paths and infinite the opinions. Page 158

I'd like to change the current text to, "He believed and practiced that the various religions of the world, through a variety of spiritual practices, lead to God-realization. Ramakrishna's teaching reflects, “Truth is one; sages call it by various names”, a concept expressed in the Rig Veda, one of Vedanta’s most ancient texts..." (with a reference to https://vedanta.org/what-is-vedanta/harmony-of-religions/)

I don't recall a motto per se - but certainly the 'Truth is One' theme is what he lived by and was fundamental to his teaching. I also think that it was an important and attractive philosophy for his later followers - in India and the West. Aldous Huxley wrote about this concept in his book, The Perennial Philosophy, a collection of teachings of the religions of the world, expressing the same spiritual truths. Ramakrishna held that truth was the most important thing. In his monastic renunciation, he could give up everything but not Truth. Ellis408 (talk) 10:25, 25 July 2019 (UTC)

Rig Veda Samhita 1.164.46 says diff:

They call him Indra, Mitra, Varuna, Agni, and he is heavenly nobly-winged Garutman. To what is One, sages give many a title they call it Agni, Yama, Matarisvan.

It is specifically about Vedic gods, not about co-existing world-religions. See also Mandala 1. As a motto, it is definitely Neo-Vedanta, just like vedanta.org. Regarding certainly the 'Truth is One' theme is what he lived by and was fundamental to his teaching, this is how people like Vivekananda presented his teachings. I'm sure there exist more sources on this Ramakrishna/Neo-Vedanta universalism. Some Google-search titles that may be useful:

• Use of RV 1.164.46 to resolve contradictory statements in the Rigveda
• Paul Hedges (2014), Controversies in Contemporary Religion: Education, Law, Politics, Society, and Spirituality [3 volumes], p.197 ff (compare Nanak, p.198: "God is One")

And some standards:

• Rambachan, Anantanand (1994). The limits of scripture: Vivekananda's reinterpretation of the Vedas. [Honolulu]: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-1542-4.
• Sharf, Robert H. (2000), "The Rhetoric of Experience and the Study of Religion" (PDF), Journal of Consciousness Studies, 7 (11–12): 267–87
• De Michelis, Elizabeth (2005), A History of Modern Yoga: Patanjali and Western Esotericism, Continuum, ISBN 978-0-8264-8772-8
• Nicholson, Andrew J. (2014). Unifying Hinduism: philosophy and identity in Indian intellectual history. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231149877. ISBN 0231149875, OCLC 881368213 (266 pages), paperback
• King, Richard (2002), Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and "The Mystic East", Routledge

NB: Kali's Child has 257 citations at Google scholar; Kali's Child revisited, written by a former "associate minister of the Ramakrishna-Vedanta Society in Boston," has only six. I doubt if it is WP:RS. Joshua Jonathan -Let's talk! 04:49, 26 July 2019 (UTC)

Joshua Jonathan -Let's talk! 04:49, 26 July 2019 (UTC)

"Truth is One"

Copied from User talk:Joshua Jonathan#Vedanta Society vs. Ramakrishna Movement

Hi Joshua, I was reviewing all the edits over the last few days, and one thing stuck. In a two places you refer to "the Vedanta Society" - as in, "According to the Vedanta society, this is expressed in Rig Veda..." and "...rendered by the Vedanta Society as "Truth is one; sages call it by various names" The whole paragraph is:

Ramakrishna's darśhana, or religious practice and worldview, contained elements of bhakti, Tantra and Vedanta. Ramakrishna emphasised God-realisation as the supreme goal of all living beings. He believed and practiced that the various religions of the world, through a variety of spiritual practices, all lead to God-realization. According to the Vedanta society, this is expressed in Rig Veda Samhita 1.164.46, "They call him Indra, Mitra, Varuna, Agni, and he is heavenly nobly-winged Garutman. To what is One, sages give many a title they call it Agni, Yama, Matarisvan,"[78] rendered by the Vedanta Society as "Truth is one; sages call it by various names."[79]

There is no central "Vedanta Society". In the United States, there are many Vedanta Societies, each incorporated as an independent organization, who invites a Swami of the Ramakrishna Order to be the spiritual head of the Society. A better way to express this is either the Ramakrishna Order or the Ramakrishna Movement.

Also the word "Darshana", as used here, is not a term used by the Vedanta Societies or the Ramakrishna Order, They use "Darshan" to mean soaking in the spiritual atmosphere of a holy person or place. I think Darshana may be a Buddhist term - but is inappropriate here. I would suggest this wording for the paragraph:

Ramakrishna's religious practice and worldview, contained elements of bhakti, Tantra and Vedanta. Ramakrishna emphasised God-realisation as the supreme goal of all living beings. He believed and practiced that the various religions of the world, through a variety of spiritual practices, all lead to God-realization. According to the Ramakrishna Order, this concept is expressed in the Rig Veda Samhita 1.164.46, "They call him Indra, Mitra, Varuna, Agni, and he is heavenly nobly-winged Garutman. To what is One, sages give many a title they call it Agni, Yama, Matarisvan,"[78] rendered by the Order as "Truth is one; sages call it by various names."[79]

I've got to reach out to someone who might know, if the "Truth is one; sages call it by various names." phrase is more historic than RK and the RK Order. For my money, "To what is One, sages give many a title" and "Truth is one; sages call it by various names." are just slight variations of an English translation from the original Sanskrit. Ellis408 (talk) 20:02, 27 July 2019 (UTC)

End of copied part

I've added "of Southern California" to "Vedanta Society," and removed "darsana." Joshua Jonathan -Let's talk! 07:03, 28 July 2019 (UTC)

Hi Joshua, I'm sorry, but I've got to push back on this Rig Veda issue. The understanding and reference to the Rig Veda translation as "Truth is One, Sages call it by various names" is far more widespread than just the Vedanta Society of Southern California, or the Vedanta Societies throughout America, or the Ramakrishna movement throughout the world. It's been stated that way by a vast array of other religious groups who point to the Rig Veda as stating that "Truth is One..." I think there may be a bias against this view by some Buddhists or those who don't accept the underlying implications of a Perennial Philosophy or Universalism. Just Google "Truth is One, sages call it by various names" and all the various versions of the translations will come up, from hundreds of different organizations - most outside of Ramakrishna Vedanta. The gods listed after the phrase are just a partial list of the various names common at the time and place. This is from the Wiki page on Mandala 1, and is the view accepted by the Ramakrishna movement:

Hymns such as the above in Mandala 1 led scholars such as Max Muller to describe the theology of Vedic religion as a form of henotheism.[1] Muller noted that the hymns of the Rigveda, the oldest scripture of Hinduism, mentions many deities, but praises them successively as the "one ultimate, supreme God", alternatively as "one supreme Goddess",[2] thereby asserting that the essence of the deities was unitary (ekam), and the deities were nothing but pluralistic manifestations of the same concept of the divine (God).[1][3][4]

The Vedic era conceptualization of the divine or the One, states Jeaneane Fowler, is more abstract than a monotheistic God, it the Reality behind and of the phenomenal universe, which it treats as "limitless, indescribable, absolute principle", thus the Vedic divine is something of a panentheism.[5] In late Vedic era, with the start of Upanishadic age (~800-600 BCE), from the henotheistic, panentheistic concepts emerge the concepts which scholars variously call nondualism or monism, as well as forms of non-theism.[5][6]

I suggest the following wording for the first paragraph under Teachings:

Ramakrishna's religious practice and worldview, contained elements of bhakti, Tantra and Vedanta. Ramakrishna emphasised God-realisation as the supreme goal of all living beings. He believed and practiced that the various religions of the world, through a variety of spiritual practices, all lead to God-realization, as expressed in the Rig Veda Samhita 1.164.46, "To what is One, sages give many a title...", commonly rendered in English as "Truth is one; sages call it by various names."[79]

Let me know your thoughts. Ellis408 (talk) 18:28, 29 July 2019 (UTC)

"Truth is One, sages call it by various names" may be widespread, nervertheless it's not the same as "To what is One, sages give many a title." Even less does the original text say that all religions lead to the same God-realization; that's a later interpretation. Worse, without any sources, it's WP:OR. See also William A. Graham, Beyond the Written Word: Oral Aspects of Scripture in the History of Religion, p.70, who states that "the one" in verse 1.164.46 refers to Vāc, goddess of speech. Joshua Jonathan -Let's talk! 18:12, 1 August 2019 (UTC)

You said to discuss if there's a disagreement about an edit. You edited my changes to the section that includes a reference to "Truth is One..." interpretation of a passage in in the Rig Veda. I posted a detailed response to you, including suggested wording changes. I left the discussion on the talk page for three days, and after no response from you even though you made edits to the Rk article during that time. I finally posted the changes, and you reverted them with no discussion. I'm disappointed, but will continue to press this issue. This is not just about translation, but interpretation. Please just Google "Truth is One" and see the hundreds of religious organizations who cite this translation and interpretation. To not accept this POV is just pushing a different POV, specifically a belief that all religions do not lead to God realization. The Ramakrishna Order, and the hundreds of other religious organizations who utilize.their interpretation to communicate their philosophy. If needed I can create a list of those organizations, but it shouldn't be necessary. Please discuss. ---- Ellis408 (talk) 01:08, 2 August 2019 (UTC)

@Ellis408: sorry, I hadn't read your post yet. Nevertheless, if hundreds of organisations interpret a text in s pecific way, then it's still that: interpretation. The whole notion of "God-realization" post-dates this Vedic text. And if ypu don't provide sources, there's no way to discuss your edit in a substantial way. Joshua Jonathan -Let's talk! 05:11, 2 August 2019 (UTC)

Hi Joshua, apology accepted. I really wish we had discussed the issue here, before you changed my edit - as I think, in the end, you'll see what I'm saying and why - and I believe you'll agree. I think there are four general issues I have with your notes in regards to "Truth is One...". I write this here, on your talk page, as I see this as a discussion between you and me, but if you feel it's possibly useful for others, feel free to re-post on the RK talk page.

Cultural issues of commonly used phrases

Translations and meaning

Arguing about the validity of another person's belief

Translation and meaning of Mandala 1, on Wikipedia

The cultural issues at work here is that the phrase, "Truth is One, Sages call it by various names (and the multiple minor variations of it), is so wide spread here in the US (and I believe other English speaking countries), that I'm surprised this has come up at all. I Googled, "truth is one" rig veda google books, and got over 114,000 results - most of them on-target, though with variations of the second part of the phrase, i.e. "Truth is one but wise men know it as many", etc. You said you were unfamiliar with this issue, when we started this discussion. Perhaps you should read Wiki's article on Hinduism's pluralism.Here's a passage from a general description of Hinduism, from a group that is not affiliated with the Ramakrishna Movement (Hindu American Foundation):

The worldview of pluralism is not just applicable to Hindus, but to all members of this universal family. Accordingly, Hinduism acknowledges not just the possibility, but also the existence of more than one path (religion) or way of relating to Truth (God). This true, unadulterated pluralism is captured in the ancient Sanskrit hymn:
Ekam sat vipraha bahudha vadanti
Truth is one, the wise call it by many names.

Here in the US, you see this phrase displayed in hundreds of meditation studios, Yoga studios, UU Churches, etc. You said, "Truth is One, sages call it by various names" may be widespread, nervertheless it's not the same as "To what is One, sages give many a title." Two issues about this - you're arguing against the translation and meaning that millions of Hindus and spiritual seekers of all faiths, translate this verse into English with the meaning that all paths, religions, spiritual practices, lead to the ultimate God, Ground of All Existence, The Source, or in Sanskrit, Brahman. Secondly, WP recognizes the existence and use of Common Knowledge:

Common knowledge is knowledge that is known by everyone or nearly everyone, usually with reference to the community in which the term is used.

Regarding the translation and meaning: this sub-section of the Ramakrishna article is not the place to argue either. This paragraph describes what Ramakrishna believed and practiced. In the edit I proposed, it is correct and factual. To argue against the translation and meaning is to argue against what millions of people believe and is central to their faith. I understand that there are some Buddhist, Christians, and others who don't believe the translation and/or meaning as I've described it, but that's arguing for a particular personal belief against another person's personal belief. Putting in the edits I suggest is not arguing for any particular translation or meaning, but describes RK's beliefs and practices, that are based on the "Truth is One...", derived from the Rig Veda. Here is a quote from Swami Prabhavananda's Religion and Practice, which ties the translation and meaning to Ramakrishna directly:

Sri Ramakrishna demonstrated this truth in his own life. Stressing the mystic experience, in his unique approach to various religions, Ramakrishna harmonized the conflicting concepts of God. His method was pragmatic, for he accepted no path as valid until he himself had followed it and proved its efficacy. With simplicity and sincerity, Sri Ramakrishna applied the teachings and methods of the divergent Hindu sects and found that they all led to the same divine realization. But that was not enough for him. Mohammedanism was active in India, and Christianity was well known. He practiced the disciplines of these religions also and verified the statement of the ancient seers: 'Truth is one; sages call it by various names.' In Sri Ramakrishna's words: 'So many religions, so many paths to reach one and the same goal.'

Mandala 1 as defined in Wikipedia is as follows:

Hymns such as the above in Mandala 1 led scholars such as Max Muller to describe the theology of Vedic religion as a form of henotheism. Muller noted that the hymns of the Rigveda, the oldest scripture of Hinduism, mentions many deities, but praises them successively as the "one ultimate, supreme God", alternatively as "one supreme Goddess", thereby asserting that the essence of the deities was unitary (ekam), and the deities were nothing but pluralistic manifestations of the same concept of the divine (God).

:::The Vedic era conceptualization of the divine or the One, states Jeaneane Fowler, is more abstract than a monotheistic God, it the Reality behind and of the phenomenal universe, which it treats as "limitless, indescribable, absolute principle", thus the Vedic divine is something of a panentheism. In late Vedic era, with the start of Upanishadic age (~800-600 BCE), from the henotheistic, panentheistic concepts emerge the concepts which scholars variously call nondualism or monism, as well as forms of non-theism.

References

I'm traveling right now, but I have many reference books at home on Hinduism, Interfaith Gatherings (including the two-volume proceedings of the Parliament of the World's Religions of 1893, published at the time), Huxley's Perennial Philosophy, Prabhavananda's Spiritual Heritage of India There has been some dispute about the origin of the name Ramakrishna, but there is "...evidence which proves beyond doubt that the name 'Ramakrishna' was given to him by his father..." Ramakrishna confirmed this himself, as recorded in "M"s diaries, "I was a pet child of my father. He used to call me Ramakrishnababu." Ellis408 (talk) 14:43, 16 August 2019 (UTC)