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United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime

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United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
  Signed and ratified or acceded
  Only signed
  Non-party
TypeOrganized crime; international criminal law
Drafted15 November 2000
Signed12 December 2000
LocationPalermo, Italy
Effective29 September 2003
Condition40 ratifications
Signatories147
Parties190
DepositarySecretary-General of the United Nations
LanguagesArabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish

The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC, also called the Palermo Convention) is a 2000 United Nations-sponsored multilateral treaty against transnational organized crime.

History

The Convention was adopted by a resolution of the United Nations General Assembly on 15 November 2000.

The Convention came into force on 29 September 2003. According to Leoluca Orlando, Mayor of Palermo, the convention was the first international convention to fight transnational organized crime, trafficking of human beings, and terrorism.[1]

In 2014, the UNTOC strengthened its policies regarding wildlife smuggling.[2]

Description

UNTOC's three supplementary protocols (the Palermo Protocols) are:[3]

All four of these instruments contain elements of the current international law on human trafficking, arms trafficking and money laundering. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) acts as custodian of the UNTOC and its protocols.[citation needed]

The UNTOC is the main legal international instrument to fight organized crime, but its efficiency depends on each member's ability to implement the organization's framework.[4]

Members

As of 19 September 2017, it has 190 parties,[5] which includes 185 United Nations member states, the Cook Islands, the Holy See, Niue, the State of Palestine, and the European Union. The nine UN member states that are not party to the Convention are (* indicates that the state has signed but not ratified the Convention):

In June 2018, the Iranian Parliament approved the bill to join UNTOC, but 10 days later Khamenei called the bill «unacceptable» and blocked its progress.[6][7] In January 2019, the bill was still being debated between the Parliament and the Guardian Council.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ Loredana Pianta, Researchers simulate mafia and terrorism recruitment, Phys.org, 25 July 2019 (accessed on 30 July 2019)
  2. ^ >Wildlife trafficking to become a ‘serious crime’ under UNTOC, Worldecr.com, 20 February 2014 (accessed on 18 August 2019)
  3. ^ "UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME AND THE PROTOCOLS THERETO" (PDF). UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME. 2004. p. V. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  4. ^ Laura Adal, Organised crime in Africa / Weak laws make tackling organised crime harder, Enactafrica.org, 8 November 2018 (accessed on 18 August 2019)
  5. ^ UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime: Treaty status
  6. ^ Palermo Bills Suspended, Radiofarda.com, 25 Juily 2018 (accessed on 30 July 2019)
  7. ^ Iran's Watchdog Rejects Bills To Join U.N. Crime Conventions, Radiofarda.com, 15 July 2018 (accessed on 30 July 2019)
  8. ^ Iran Postpones Approval Of UN Convention Against Transnational Crime, Radiofarda.com, 19 January 2019 (accessed on 30 July 2019)
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