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List of retired Atlantic hurricane names

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Cumulative tracks of retired Atlantic hurricanes until 2017

This is a cumulative list of previously used tropical cyclone (tropical storm and hurricane) names which have been permanently removed from reuse in the North Atlantic region.

The naming of North Atlantic tropical cyclones is currently under the oversight of the Hurricane Committee of the World Meteorological Organization. This group maintains six alphabetic lists of names, with one list used each year. This normally results in each name being reused every six years. However, in the case of a particularly deadly or damaging storm, that storm's name is retired, and a replacement starting with the same letter is selected to take its place. The decision whether to remove a name in a given season is made at the annual session of the Hurricane Committee in the spring of the following year.

The practice of retiring storm names was begun by the United States Weather Bureau in 1955, after major hurricanes Carol, Edna, and Hazel struck the Northeastern United States during the previous year. Initially their names were retired for 10 years, after which time they could be reintroduced; however, in 1969, the policy was changed to have the names retired permanently. In 1977, the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) transferred control of the naming lists to the Hurricane Committee.

Since the formal start of naming during the 1947 Atlantic hurricane season, an average of one Atlantic storm name has been retired each year, though many seasons (most recently 2014) did not have any names retired. The deadliest storm to have its name retired was Hurricane Mitch, which caused over 10,000 fatalities when it struck Central America during October 1998. The costliest storms were hurricanes Katrina in August 2005 and Harvey in August 2017; each storm struck the U.S. Gulf Coast, causing $125 billion in damage, much of it from flooding.[nb 1] The most recently retired storm names are Florence and Michael.

Background

Main article: History of tropical cyclone naming

By 1947, tropical cyclones developing in the North Atlantic Ocean were named by the United States Army Air Forces in private communications between weather centres and aircraft using the Phonetic alphabet.[1][2] This practice continued until September 1950, when the names started to be used publicly after three hurricanes (Baker, Dog, Easy) had occurred simultaneously and caused confusion within the media and the public.[1] Public use of the phonetic alphabet continued until the 1953 Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference, where the decision was made to start using a new list of female names during that season, as a second phonetic alphabet had been developed.[1][3][4] During the active but mild 1953 Atlantic hurricane season, the names were readily used in the press with few objections recorded; as a result, the same names were reused during the next year with only one change: Gilda for Gail. Over the next six years a new list of names was developed ahead of each season, before in 1960 forecasters developed four alphabetical sets and repeated them every four years.[5] These new sets followed the example of the typhoon names and excluded names beginning with the letters Q, U, X, Y, and Z, and keeping them to female names only.[5]

In 1955, it was decided to start retiring the names of significant tropical cyclones for 10 years after which they might be reintroduced, with the names Carol and Edna reintroduced ahead of the 1965 and 1968 hurricane seasons respectively.[1] At the 1969 Interdepartmental hurricane conference the naming lists were revised after it was decided that the names Carol, Edna and Hazel would be permanently retired because of their importance to the research community.[1][6] It was also decided that any significant hurricane in the future would also be permanently retired.[1][6] Ahead of the 1971 Atlantic hurricane season, 10 lists of hurricane names were inaugurated, by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. In 1977 it was decided that the World Meteorological Organization's Hurricane Committee (WMO) would control the names used, who subsequently decided that six lists of names would be used in the Atlantic Ocean from 1979 onwards with male names included.[1] Since 1979 the same six lists have been used by the United States National Hurricane Center (NHC) to name systems, with names of significant tropical cyclones retired from the lists permanently and replaced with new names as required at the following year's hurricane committee meeting.[1]

At present, the name of any tropical cyclone may be retired or withdrawn from the list of names at the request of a member state, if it acquires notoriety for various reasons including the number of deaths, amount of damages or other impacts.[7] The committee subsequently discuss the proposal and either through building consensus or a majority vote decides if the name should be retired or withdrawn. In March 2017, members of the British Caribbean Territories proposed that a third retirement criterion be added: the tropical cyclone must have sustained winds of at least 96 mph (154 km/h). This came in light of the retirement of Tropical Storm Erika in 2015 which caused catastrophic flooding and mudslides in Dominica without producing sustained tropical storm-force winds on the island. No action has been taken on this proposal yet.[8]

Names retired in the 1950s

Hurricane Audrey was the eighth-deadliest hurricane in United States history.

Between 1954 and 1959, eight names were deemed significant enough to be retired for 10 years due to their impact, before being permanently retired after 1969. There were no names retired for the 1956, 1958, and 1959 seasons.[7][9][10] Collectively, these storms resulted in at least 2317 fatalities and over $2.04 billion in damage. The deadliest hurricane was Hurricane Janet, which killed at least 1,023 people, while the costliest was Hurricane Diane, which caused US$831 million in damage.

Name Dates active Peak classification Sustained
wind speeds 		Pressure Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Carol August 25 –
September 1, 1954		 Category 3 hurricane 115 mph (185 km/h) 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) Northeastern United States, Canada 60 $462 million [11][12]
Edna September 5 – 11, 1954 Category 3 hurricane 125 mph (205 km/h) 943 hPa (27.85 inHg) New England, Atlantic Canada 21 $42 million [13][14]
Hazel October 5 – 15, 1954 Category 4 hurricane 130 mph (210 km/h) 938 hPa (27.70 inHg) The Caribbean, Eastern United States, Canada 581 $382 million [15][16][17]
Connie August 3 – 15, 1955 Category 4 hurricane 140 mph (220 km/h) 944 hPa (27.88 inHg) Mid-Atlantic states, New England 25 $40 million [18][19]
Diane August 7 – 21, 1955 Category 2 hurricane 105 mph (165 km/h) 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) Mid-Atlantic states, New England 184 $831 million [18][11]
Ione September 10 – 21, 1955 Category 4 hurricane 140 mph (220 km/h) 938 hPa (27.70 inHg) North Carolina 7 $88 million [15][19]
Janet September 21 – 30, 1955 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Central America 1,023 $47.8 million [19]
Audrey June 25 – 29, 1957 Category 3 hurricane 125 mph (205 km/h) 946 hPa (27.94 inHg) Southern United States 416 $150 million [18][20]
8 names References:[nb 2][nb 3] 2317 $2.04 billion

Names retired in the 1960s

Hurricane Betsy was the first hurricane to have damages exceeding US$1 billion.

In 1960, four rotating lists of names were developed to avoid having to create new lists each year, while the practice of retiring any particularly damaging storm names for 10 years continued, with 11 names deemed significant enough to be retired during the decade.[1][22] At the 1969 Hurricane Warning Conference, the National Hurricane Center requested that Carol, Edna, Hazel, and Inez be permanently retired due to their importance to the research community.[1][23] This request was subsequently accepted and led to today's practice of retiring names of significant tropical cyclones permanently.[1][6] There were no names retired for the 1962 and 1968 seasons.[nb 2] Collectively, the 11 systems were responsible for at least 9082 fatalities and in excess of $5.63 billion in damage.

Name Dates active Peak classification Sustained
wind speeds 		Pressure Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Donna August 29 –
September 14, 1960		 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) The Caribbean, Eastern United States 164 $400 million [24]
Carla September 3 – 16, 1961 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 931 hPa (27.49 inHg) Texas, Louisiana
Midwestern United States		 46 $408 million [18][15]
Hattie October 27 –
November 1, 1961		 Category 5 hurricane 160 mph (260 km/h) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) Central America 319 $60.3 million [25][26]
Flora September 26 –
October 12, 1963		 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) The Caribbean 7,193 $529 million [27]
Cleo August 20 –
September 5, 1964		 Category 4 hurricane 155 mph (250 km/h) 950 hPa (28.06 inHg) The Caribbean, Southeastern United States 217 $198 million [28]
Dora August 28 –
September 14, 1964		 Category 4 hurricane 140 mph (220 km/h) 942 hPa (27.82 inHg) Southeastern United States 5 $250 million [28]
Hilda September 28 –
October 4, 1964		 Category 4 hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 941 hPa (27.79 inHg) Southern United States 38 $125 million [18][29]
Betsy August 27 –
September 14, 1965		 Category 4 hurricane 155 mph (250 km/h) 941 hPa (27.79 inHg) Bahamas, Southeastern United States 75 $1.42 billion [18][30]
Inez September 21 –
October 11, 1966		 Category 4 hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 929 hPa (27.43 inHg) The Caribbean, Florida, Mexico 710 $616 million [31]
Beulah September 5 – 22, 1967 Category 5 hurricane 160 mph (260 km/h) 921 hPa (27.20 inHg) The Caribbean, Mexico, Texas 59 $208 million [32]
Camille August 14 – 22, 1969 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Cuba, United States Gulf Coast 256 $1.42 billion [18][30][33]
11 names References:[nb 2][nb 3] 9082 $5.63 billion

Names retired in the 1970s

Hurricane David at its peak intensity.

Starting in 1979, the World Meteorological Organization began assigning both male and female names to tropical cyclones.[1] This decade featured hurricanes David and Frederic, the first male Atlantic hurricane names to be retired. During this decade, 9 storms were deemed significant enough to have their names retired. Together these 9 systems caused at least $9.41 billion in damage, while at least 10527 people lost their lives. There were no names retired for the 1971, 1973, and 1976 seasons.

Name Dates active Peak classification Sustained
wind speeds 		Pressure Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Celia July 31 – August 5, 1970 Category 3 hurricane 125 mph (205 km/h) 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) Cuba, United States Gulf Coast 20 $930 million [34][18]
Agnes June 14 – 23, 1972 Category 1 hurricane 85 mph (140 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Mexico, Cuba, Eastern United States 124 $2.1 billion [18][35]
Carmen August 29 – September 10, 1974 Category 4 hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 928 hPa (27.40 inHg) Central America, Mexico
United States Gulf Coast		 8 $162 million [36][37]
Fifi September 14 – 24, 1974 Category 2 hurricane 110 mph (180 km/h) 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) Jamaica, Central America, Mexico 8,200 $1.8 billion [38][39]
Eloise September 13 – 24, 1975 Category 3 hurricane 125 mph (205 km/h) 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) The Caribbean, Yucatán Peninsula, Florida 80 $550 million [40]
Anita August 29 – September 4, 1977 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 926 hPa (27.34 inHg) Mexico 10 Extensive [41]
Greta September 13 – 23, 1978 Category 4 hurricane 130 mph (215 km/h) 947 hPa (27.96 inHg The Caribbean, Central America, Mexico 5 $26 million [42]
David August 25 – September 8, 1979 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 924 hPa (27.29 inHg) The Caribbean, United States East coast 2,068 $1.54 billion [42][43]
Frederic August 29 – September 15, 1979 Category 4 hurricane 130 mph (215 km/h) 943 hPa (27.85 inHg) The Caribbean, Southeastern United States 12 $1.7 billion [43][30]
9 names References:[nb 2][nb 3] >10,527 $9.41 billion

Names retired in the 1980s

Hurricane Gilbert at its peak intensity.

After control of the naming scheme was turned over to the World Meteorological Organization's Hurricane Committee during the mid-1970s, the 1980s marked the least prolific decade in terms of the number of retired storms with 7 names warranting removal. Between them the 7 systems caused over $23.1 billion in damage while over 891 people lost their lives. Hurricane Gilbert was the most intense tropical cyclone during the decade by pressure, with a minimum value of 888 hPa (26.22 inHg). This was the lowest recorded pressure in a North Atlantic hurricane until Hurricane Wilma surpassed it during 2005.[44] In addition, Hurricane Allen was the most intense tropical cyclone during the decade by wind speed, with maximum 1–minute sustained winds of 190 mph (305 km/h). This remains the highest sustained wind speed of any Atlantic hurricane on record.[45] There were no names retired for the 1981, 1982, 1984, 1986, and 1987 seasons, which was the most of any decade since the introduction of the practice of retiring hurricane names.

Name Dates active Peak classification Sustained
wind speeds 		Pressure Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Allen July 31 – August 11, 1980 Category 5 hurricane 190 mph (305 km/h) 899 hPa (26.55 inHg) The Caribbean, Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, South Texas 269 $1.24 billion [42][46][47]
Alicia August 15 – 21, 1983 Category 3 hurricane 115 mph (185 km/h) 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) Eastern Texas, Louisiana 21 $3 billion [30][48]
Elena August 28 – September 4, 1985 Category 3 hurricane 125 mph (205 km/h) 953 hPa (28.14 inHg) Cuba, United States Gulf Coast 9 $1.3 billion [30][49][50]
Gloria September 16 – October 2, 1985 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada 9 $900 million [49]
Gilbert September 8 – 19, 1988 Category 5 hurricane 185 mph (295 km/h) 888 hPa (26.22 inHg) Jamaica, Venezuela, Central America, Hispaniola, Mexico 318 $2.98 billion [18][51][52]
Joan October 11 – November 2, 1988 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 932 hPa (27.52 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Central America 216 $2 billion [51]
Hugo September 9 – 25, 1989 Category 5 hurricane 160 mph (260 km/h) 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) The Caribbean, United States East Coast 49 $9.7 billion [18][53]
7 names References:[nb 2][nb 3] 891 $21.1 billion

Names retired in the 1990s

Damage after Hurricane Andrew in Miami.

During the 1990s, the Atlantic Ocean moved into its active era, which led to more tropical cyclones forming during the hurricane seasons. The decade featured Hurricane Andrew which at the time was the costliest hurricane on record, and also Hurricane Mitch which is considered to be the deadliest tropical cyclone to have its name retired, killing over 11,000 people in Central America. A total of 15 names were retired in this decade, with seven of those during the 1995 and 1996 seasons. Cumulatively, the 15 systems caused over $68 billion in damage while over 12145 people lost their lives. There were no names retired for the 1993, 1994 and 1997 seasons.

Name Dates active Peak classification Sustained
wind speeds 		Pressure Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Diana August 4 – 9, 1990 Category 2 hurricane 100 mph (165 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Yucatán Peninsula, Central Mexico 96 $90 million [54]
Klaus October 3 – 9, 1990 Category 1 hurricane 80 mph (130 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Lesser Antilles, The Bahamas, Southeast United States 11 $1 million [54][55]
Bob August 16 – 20, 1991 Category 3 hurricane 115 mph (185 km/h) 950 hPa (28.06 inHg) United States East Coast, Canada 17 $1.5 billion [56]
Andrew August 16 – 28, 1992 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 922 hPa (27.23 inHg) The Bahamas, Florida, United States Gulf Coast 65 $27.3 billion [30][57]
Luis August 27 – September 11, 1995 Category 4 hurricane 140 mph (220 km/h) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda 19 $2.5 billion [58]
Marilyn September 12 – 22, 1995 Category 3 hurricane 115 mph (185 km/h) 949 hPa (28.02 inHg) The Caribbean, Bermuda 8 $2.1 billion [30][58]
Opal September 27 – October 6, 1995 Category 4 hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) Guatemala, Yucatán Peninsula, Eastern United States 59 $4.7 billion [30][59]
Roxanne October 7 – 21, 1995 Category 3 hurricane 115 mph (185 km/h) 956 hPa (28.23 inHg) Mexico 14 $1.5 billion [58]
Cesar July 24 – 29, 1996 Category 1 hurricane 85 mph (140 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Central America, Mexico 113 $203 million [42][60][61][62][63]
Fran August 23 – September 8, 1996 Category 3 hurricane 120 mph (195 km/h) 946 hPa (27.94 inHg) Eastern United States 26 $5 billion [18][30]
Hortense September 3 – 16, 1996 Category 4 hurricane 140 mph (220 km/h) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) The Caribbean, Puerto Rico, Atlantic Canada 39 $158 million [64][65][66]
Georges September 15 – October 1, 1998 Category 4 hurricane 155 mph (250 km/h) 937 hPa (27.67 inHg) The Caribbean, United States Gulf Coast 604 $9.37 billion [67][68][69][70][71]
Mitch October 22 – November 5, 1998 Category 5 hurricane 180 mph (285 km/h) 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, South Florida >11,000 $6.08 billion [72][73][74]
Floyd September 7 – 19, 1999 Category 4 hurricane 155 mph (250 km/h) 921 hPa (27.20 inHg) The Bahamas, Eastern United States, Atlantic Canada 57 $6.9 billion [75]
Lenny November 13 – 23, 1999 Category 4 hurricane 155 mph (250 km/h) 933 hPa (27.55 inHg) Colombia, Puerto Rico, Leeward Islands 17 $686 million [76][77][78][79][80][81]
15 names References:[nb 2][nb 3] >12,145 $68 billion

Names retired in the 2000s

Hurricane Charley making landfall on August 13, 2004, at its peak intensity.

After the Atlantic basin had moved into the warm phase of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation during the mid-1990s, the 2000s marked the most prolific decade in terms of the number of retired storms, with 24 names warranting removal.[nb 2] The decade featured one of the costliest tropical cyclones on record, Hurricane Katrina, which inflicted roughly US$125 billion in damage across the Gulf Coast of the United States.[30] Katrina was also the deadliest hurricane to strike the United States since the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane.[18] After stalling over and flooding southeastern Texas, and causing approximately US$8.5 billion in damage, Tropical Storm Allison became the first tropical storm in this basin to have its name retired, while subtropical storms started to be named during 2002.[82][83] Hurricane Jeanne was the deadliest storm during the decade and was responsible for over 3000 deaths, when it impacted Haiti and other parts of the Caribbean as a tropical storm and minimal hurricane.[84] During October 2005, Hurricane Wilma became the most intense tropical cyclone in the Atlantic basin on record, with a central pressure of 882 hPa (26.05 inHg).[44] There were no names retired for the 2006 and 2009 seasons.[10] Collectively, the 24 systems were responsible for nearly 7,900 fatalities and in excess of US$300 billion in damage.

Name Dates active Peak classification Sustained
wind speeds 		Pressure Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Keith September 28 – October 6, 2000 Category 4 hurricane 140 mph (220 km/h) 939 hPa (27.73 inHg) Central America 56 $319 million [42][85][86][87]
Allison June 4 – 18, 2001 Tropical storm 60 mph (95 km/h) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Texas, Louisiana, Southern United States 50 $8.5 billion [30][88]
Iris October 4 – 9, 2001 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 948 hPa (27.99 inHg) Hispaniola, Jamaica, Belize, Guatemala, Mexico 31 $140 million [89][90]
Michelle October 29 – November 6, 2001 Category 4 hurricane 140 mph (220 km/h) 933 hPa (27.55 inHg) Central America, Jamaica, Cuba, Bahamas 17 $2 billion [69][89]
Isidore September 14 – 27, 2002 Category 3 hurricane 125 mph (205 km/h) 934 hPa (27.58 inHg) Cuba, Yucatán Peninsula, Louisiana 17 $1.3 billion [91][92]
Lili September 21 – October 4, 2002 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 938 hPa (27.70 inHg) Windward Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Louisiana 15 $1.16 billion [30][93]
Fabian August 25 – September 8, 2003 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 939 hPa (27.73 inHg) Bermuda 4 $300 million [94]
Isabel September 6 – 20, 2003 Category 5 hurricane 165 mph (270 km/h) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Greater Antilles, Bahamas, Eastern United States, Ontario 50 $5.5 billion [30][95]
Juan September 24 – 29, 2003 Category 2 hurricane 105 mph (170 km/h) 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) Atlantic Canada 5 $200 million [94][96]
Charley August 9 – 15, 2004 Category 4 hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 941 hPa (27.79 inHg) Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Florida, The Carolinas 40 $16.9 billion [30][97]
Frances August 24 – September 10, 2004 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) The Caribbean, Eastern United States, Ontario 50 $9.8 billion [98][99][100]
Ivan September 2 – 24, 2004 Category 5 hurricane 165 mph (270 km/h) 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) The Caribbean, Venezuela, United States Gulf Coast 124 $26.1 billion [30][99][101]
Jeanne September 13 – 28, 2004 Category 3 hurricane 120 mph (195 km/h) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) The Caribbean, Eastern United States 3,035 $7.94 billion [42][84][99]
Dennis July 4 – 13, 2005 Category 4 hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) Greater Antilles, Southeastern United States 89 $3.98 billion [30][102][103]
Katrina August 23 – 30, 2005 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 902 hPa (26.64 inHg) Bahamas, United States Gulf Coast 1,836 $125 billion [30][104]
Rita September 18 – 26, 2005 Category 5 hurricane 180 mph (290 km/h) 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) Cuba, United States Gulf Coast 62 $18.5 billion [30][105]
Stan October 1 – 5, 2005 Category 1 hurricane 80 mph (130 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Mexico, Central America 1,668 $3.96 billion [42][106]
Wilma October 15 – 26, 2005 Category 5 hurricane 185 mph (295 km/h) 882 hPa (26.05 inHg) Greater Antilles, Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, Florida 87 $27.4 billion [30][107][108][109][110]
Dean August 13 – 23, 2007 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) The Caribbean, Central America 45 $1.78 billion [42][111]
Felix August 31 – September 5, 2007 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 929 hPa (27.43 inHg) Nicaragua, Honduras 130 $720 million [111][112][113][114]
Noel October 28 – November 2, 2007 Category 1 hurricane 80 mph (130 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Greater Antilles, Eastern United States, Atlantic Canada 163 $580 million [111]
Gustav August 25 – September 4, 2008 Category 4 hurricane 155 mph (250 km/h) 941 hPa (27.79 inHg) Greater Antilles, Cayman Islands, United States Gulf Coast 153 $8.31 billion [30][42][115]
Ike September 1 – 14, 2008 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Greater Antilles, Texas, Louisiana, Midwestern United States 195 $38 billion [30]
Paloma November 5 – 10, 2008 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 944 hPa (27.88 inHg) Cayman Islands, Cuba 1 $300 million [116][117]
24 names References:[nb 2][nb 3] 7,875 $309 billion

Names retired in the 2010s

Hurricane Harvey hours before landfall on August 25, 2017.

So far during the current decade, 16 tropical cyclone names have been retired.[nb 2] Collectively, these systems killed at least 4592 people and caused at least $448 billion worth of damage. So far, of those storms whose names have been retired during the decade, Hurricane Maria is the most intense tropical cyclone by pressure, with a minimum value of 908 hPa (26.81 inHg), as well as the deadliest, with 3,057 fatalities directly or indirectly caused by Maria. Hurricane Irma is the most intense in terms of wind speed, with maximum sustained winds of 180 mph (285 km/h). Hurricane Harvey is currently the costliest Atlantic hurricane to have its name retired during the 2010s, as well as the costliest to have its name retired overall, tied with Katrina in 2005. This decade also featured Hurricane Michael, the first Category 5 to make a direct landfall at peak intensity in the U.S since Hurricane Andrew. There were no names retired for the 2014 season.[10]

Name Dates active Peak classification Sustained
wind speeds 		Pressure Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Igor September 8 – 21, 2010 Category 4 hurricane 155 mph (250 km/h) 924 hPa (27.29 inHg) Bermuda, Newfoundland 4 $200 million [118]
Tomas October 29 – November 7, 2010 Category 2 hurricane 100 mph (155 km/h) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) Caribbean 44 $348 million [119]
Irene August 21 – 28, 2011 Category 3 hurricane 120 mph (195 km/h) 942 hPa (27.82 inHg) Caribbean, Bahamas, United States East Coast, Eastern Canada 58 $14.2 billion [30][42][120][121]
Sandy October 22 – 29, 2012 Category 3 hurricane 115 mph (185 km/h) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Caribbean, Bahamas, United States East Coast, Eastern Canada 234 $68.7 billion [30][122][123]
Ingrid September 12 – 17, 2013 Category 1 hurricane 85 mph (140 km/h) 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) Mexico 32 $1.5 billion [42][124]
Erika August 24 – 28, 2015 Tropical storm 50 mph (85 km/h) 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Hispaniola 35 $511 million
Joaquin September 28 – October 8, 2015 Category 4 hurricane 155 mph (250 km/h) 931 hPa (27.49 inHg) Bahamas, Bermuda 34 $200 million
Matthew September 28 – October 9, 2016 Category 5 hurricane 165 mph (270 km/h) 934 hPa (27.58 inHg) Caribbean, Southeastern United States 603 $15.1 billion [30]
Otto November 20 – 26, 2016 Category 3 hurricane 115 mph (185 km/h) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua 23 $192 million
Harvey August 17 – September 1, 2017 Category 4 hurricane 130 mph (215 km/h) 937 hPa (27.67 inHg) Texas, Louisiana 107 $125 billion [30]
Irma August 30 – September 12, 2017 Category 5 hurricane 180 mph (290 km/h) 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) Caribbean, Southeastern United States 134 $77.2 billion [30]
Maria September 16 – 30, 2017 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 908 hPa (26.81 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico 3,057 $91.6 billion [125]
Nate October 4 – 9, 2017 Category 1 hurricane 90 mph (150 km/h) 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) Central America, United States Gulf Coast 48 $787 million
Florence August 31 – September 17, 2018 Category 4 hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 937 hPa (27.67 inHg) Eastern United States 57 $24 billion
Michael October 7 – 11, 2018 Category 5 hurricane 160 mph (260 km/h) 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) Central America, United States Gulf Coast 74 $25.1 billion
16 names References:[nb 2][nb 3] 4,542 $448 billion

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Unless otherwise noted, all of the damage totals in this article are in the original year USD.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j References for the retired names.[7][9][10]
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Reference for dates, season, wind speeds and pressure.[21]

References

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  2. ^ Roth, David M (January 13, 2010). Louisiana Hurricane History (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. p. 36. Retrieved January 4, 2013. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
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  113. ^ Silva, José A (January 29, 2008). "Huracán los terminó de hundir en la pobreza" (in Spanish). El Nuevo Diario. Archived from the original on January 22, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
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