State senator

This article is about the U.S. elected office. For the Brazilian elected office, see State Senator (Brazil).

A state senator is a member of a state's senate, the upper house in the bicameral legislature of 49 U.S. states, or a member of the Nebraska Legislature, as it is unicameral (i.e. one house).

There are typically fewer state senators than there are members of a state's lower house. In the past, this meant that senators represented various geographic regions within a state, regardless of the population, as a way of balancing the power of the lower house, which was apportioned according to population.

This system changed in 1963, when the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that state legislatures must apportion seats in both houses according to population. However, the Single-member District system remained, and as a result, the State Senates became redundant bodies, as other solutions, such as abolition (as in Canada) or switching to statewide proportional representation (as in Australia) were not considered. A senator's job is to represent the people at a higher level than a state representative in the lower house.