List of sovereign states in 1861

Sovereign states

Political map of the world in 1861

A

• Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan
• Andorra – Principality of Andorra
• Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg
• Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau
• Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole
• Annam – Empire of Annam
• Anziku – Anziku Kingdom
• → Argentina
  • Argentine Confederation (to December 17)
  • Argentine Republic (from December 17)
• Aro – Aro Confederacy
• Ashanti – Asante Union
• Austria – Austrian Empire

B

• Baden – Grand Duchy of Baden
• Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi
• Bambara – Bambara Empire (to March 10)
• Baol – Kingdom of Baol
• Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland
• Bavaria – Kingdom of Bavaria
• Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
• Benin – Benin Empire
• Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
• Bolivia – Bolivian Republic
• Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora
• Bornu – Bornu Empire
• Brazil – Empire of Brazil
• Bremen – Free City of Bremen
• Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
• Brunswick – Duchy of Brunswick
• Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
• Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara
• Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
• Burma – Kingdom of Burma
• Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi

C

• Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia
• Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
• Chile – Republic of Chile
• China – Great Qing Empire
• Colombia – United States of Colombia (from September 20)

Cook Islands → Rarotonga

• Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
• Couto Misto

D

• Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey
• Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
• Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic (to 1861)

E

• Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
• El Salvador – El Salvador
• Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire

F

• Fiji – Tui Viti
• France – Empire of the French
• Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt
• Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
• Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro

G

• Garo – Kingdom of Garo
• Gera – Kingdom of Gera
• Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma
• Granadine Confederation – Granadine Confederation (renamed New Granada on July 18)
• Greece – Kingdom of Greece
• Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
• Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma

H

• Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
• Haiti – Republic of Haiti
• Hamburg – Free City of Hamburg
• Hanover – Kingdom of Hanover
• Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii
• Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
• Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg
• Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) – Electorate of Hesse
• Holstein – Duchy of Holstein
• Honduras – Republic of Honduras
• Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine

I

• Italy – Kingdom of Italy (from March 17)

J

• Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
• Japan – Tokugawa shogunate
• Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma
• Johor – Sultanate of Johor
• Jolof – Jolof Kingdom

K

• Kaabu – Kingdom of Kaabu
• Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul
• Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
• Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
• Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso
• Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
• Kokand – Khanate of Kokand
• Kong – Kong Empire
• Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
• Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon
• Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya

L

• Liberia – Republic of Liberia
• Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
• Limburg – Duchy of Limburg
• Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
• Lippe – Principality of Lippe
• Loango – Kingdom of Loango
• Luba – Luba Empire
• Lubeck – Free City of Lubeck
• Lunda – Lunda Empire
• Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

M

• Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
• Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
• Massina – Massina Empire
• Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
• Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
• Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
• Mexico – Republic of Mexico
• Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao (to 1861)
• Monaco – Principality of Monaco
• → Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro
• Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
• Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman

N

• Nassau – Duchy of Nassau
• Negeri Sembilan – Negeri Sembilan
• Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal
• Netherlands – Kingdom of The Netherlands
• New Granada – United States of New Granada (July 18 to September 20)
• Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
• Norway – Kingdom of Norway (in personal union with Sweden)

O

• Oldenburg – Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
• Orange Free State
• Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
• Ouaddai – Ouaddai Empire
• Oyo – Oyo Empire

P

• Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang
• Papal States – States of the Church
• Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
• Perak – Sultanate of Perak
• Persia – Persian Empire
• Peru – Peruvian Republic
• Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
• Prussia – Kingdom of Prussia

R

• Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea
• Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
• Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga
• Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line
• Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line
• Russia – Russian Empire
• Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
• Ryūkyū Kingdom – Kingdom of Ryūkyū

S

• Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
• San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
• Sarawak – Kingdom of Sarawak
• Sardinia – Kingdom of Sardinia (to March 17)
• Saxe-Altenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
• Saxe-Coburg-Gotha – Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• Saxe-Lauenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, also Duchy of Lauenburg
• Saxe-Meiningen – Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
• Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
• Saxony – Kingdom of Saxony
• Schaumburg-Lippe – Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
• Schleswig – Duchy of Schleswig
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
• Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
• Serbia – Principality of Serbia
• Siam – Kingdom of Siam
• Sikkim – Chogyalate of Sikkim
• Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
• Transvaal – South African Republic
• Spain – Kingdom of Spain
• Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
• Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway)
• Switzerland – Swiss Confederation

T

• Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti
• Tonga – Tu'i Tonga
• Toro – Toro Kingdom
• Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
• Two Sicilies – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (to February 12)

U

• United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
• → United States – United States of America
• United States of the Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands
• Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay

V

• Venezuela – Republic of Venezuela

W

• Waldeck-Pyrmont – Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
• Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
• Württemberg – Kingdom of Württemberg

Y

• Yeke – Yeke Kingdom

Z

• Zanzibar – Sultanate of Zanzibar (from April 6)
• Zululand – Kingdom of the Zulus

Non-sovereign territories

United Kingdom

• Cape Colony – Cape of Good Hope
• Hong Kong (Crown colony of the United Kingdom)

States claiming sovereignty

• Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
• Alabama – Republic of Alabama (from January 11 to February 4)
• Araucania and Patagonia – Kingdom of Araucania and Patagoniato
• Arkansas – Republic of Arkansas (from May 6 to May 18)
• Buenos Aires – State of Buenos Aires (to December 7)
• → → → Confederate States – Confederate States of America (from February 4)
• Florida – Republic Florida (from January 10 to February 4)
• Louisiana – Republic of Louisiana (from January 26 to February 4)
• Mississippi – Republic of Mississippi (from January 9 to February 8)
• North Carolina (from May 20 to May 21)
• South Carolina – Republic of South Carolina (to February 8)
• Taiping Heavenly Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace
• Tennessee - Republic of Tennessee (from June 8 to July 2)
• Texas – Republic of Texas (from February 1 to March 2)
• Virginia – Republic of Virginia (from April 17 to May 7)