The Muslim 100

The Muslim 100: The Lives, Thoughts and Achievements of the Most Influential Muslims in History

Author	Muhammad Mojlum Khan
Cover artist	Nasir Cadir
Language	English
Subject	Biographical dictionary
Genre	Non-fiction
Publisher	Kube Publishing Ltd
Publication date	1 March 2008 (2008-03-01)
Publication place	United Kingdom
Media type	Print
Pages	459
ISBN	1847740065
OCLC	238604128

The Muslim 100: The Lives, Thoughts and Achievements of the Most Influential Muslims in History is a 2008 book, written by Muhammad Mojlum Khan and published by Kube Publishing, listing the biographies of the 100 most influential Muslims in history.

Overview

The Muslim 10 is an attempt to explore Islamic history through the lives, thoughts and achievements of a selection of the most influential Muslims.

By exploring the ideas, thoughts and achievements of the lives of 100 most influential Muslim rulers and conquerors, religious scholars and philosophers, writers and literary figures, scientists and explorers, military generals and freedom fighters, reformers and educationalists, this book goes through Islamic thought, history, culture and civilization.

Content

The 100 most influential Muslims include 20 personalities from modern times. The 100 names include; Abū Ḥanīfa, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Arabi, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Sir Muhammad Iqbal, Abul A'la Maududi, and Malcolm X. Among the 100, the author listed only four females, ‘A’ishah bint Abu Bakr, Khadīja bint Khuwaylid, Fatimah and Rābiʻah al-ʻAdawiyya al-Qaysiyya.

Top 10

Rank	Name	Nickname	Time Frame	Occupation	Tribe	Influence
1	Muhammad	Main article: Names and Titles of Muhammad	ce. 570–632	Secular and religious leader, shepherd and merchant	Banu Hashim of Quraysh	Muhammad was revealed to Islam, the Qur'an was revealed to him and established his Sunnah (teachings and practices). He was active as a social reformer, diplomat, philosopher, orator, legislator, military leader, humanitarian and philanthropist. In trying to propagate Islam, he and his followers were persecuted by other Meccans. The Muslims then migrated to Medina, where he established the Constitution of Medina, with 300 ill-equipped and unprepared Muslims they defeated 1,000 well-equipped Meccans at the Battle of Badr, and later signed the peace Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. He eventually led the Muslims back to Mecca before his Farewell Pilgrimage and death. He turned Medina into a civil society, united the Arabian tribes and transformed the Arabian Peninsula into a centre of learning, culture, commerce and civilisation. He is arguably the most influential person in history, as 1,400 years after his death, his message and teaching continues to influence mankind. He is regarded by 1.8 billion Muslims as a prophet of God and the last messenger.
2	Ali ibn Abi Talib	Asadullah (Lion of God)	ce. 602–661	Warrior/fighter/athlete, legal jurist/judge, consult and orator	Banu Hashim of Quraysh	Ali was the son-in-law of Muhammad. He contributed to the development of Islam and is considered to be the pioneer of Tassawuf (Islamic mysticism).
3	Hussein ibn Ali	Sayyid ush-Shuhada (Chief of the Martyrs)	ce. 626–680	Soldier	Banu Hashim of Quraysh	Hussein was Muḥammad's second grandson through Fatimah. He participated in many battles of Islam.He disagreed with Yazid ibn Muawiyah as ruler of the Islamic state and refused to recognise Yazid as caliph. His refusal to pledge allegiance to Yazid led to the Battle of Karbala, where Hussein and his followers were attacked and martyred. His fight against injustice, brutality and oppression is commemorated by Muslims on the Day of Ashura, which is a day of mourning for Shia Muslims.
4	Umar ibn al-Khattab	Al-Faruq (The Differentiator of Right and Wrong)	ce. 574–644	Market trader, Islamic jurist, democratic ruler	Banu 'Adiy of Quraysh	Umar was the father-in-law of Muhammad. He was appointed by Abu Bakr as the second Caliph(leader) of the Rashidun Caliphate. Reforms during his era as Caliph (634–644) include developing an Islamic democracy, established a rule of law, and ensured equality of freedom and freedom of expression. He also devised the Islamic calendar. He transformed the Islamic state into a powerful empire consisting of the whole of Arabia during the conquests in; Syria, Armenia and Egypt, and significant parts of Persia and the Byzantine Empire.
5	Abu Bakr al-Siddiq	Al-Siddiq (The Truthful One)	ce. 571–634	Merchant, philanthropist, leader, statesman and spiritual guide	Banu Taym of Quraysh	Abu Bakr was a close friend and father-in-law of Muhammad. He used his wealth and properties for the cause of Islam. He led the first Hajj on behalf of Muhammad and he was the only person authorised to lead Salah (prayers) while Muhammad was alive. He succeeded Muhammad and became the first Caliph of Islam (632–634). He ruled with a democratic administration with a stance against political rebellion and social unrest. He compiled the Qur'an in the form of one book. Leading Sufi tariqas such as Naqshbandi trace their spiritual affiliation back to Muhammad through him.
6	Uthman ibn Affan	Dhun-Nurain (Possessor of Two Lights)	ce. 586–656	Cloth merchant, philanthropist and scribe	Banu Umayyahof Quraysh	Uthman was the son-in-law of Muhammad. He spent money for the cause of Islam. He was elected as the third Caliph of the Muslim Empire (644–656). He reformed and strengthened administrative base, and political structure of the Islamic dominion. He led military campaignsincluding the Muslim army conquering territories including Cyprus, Persia and Armenia. He also defended Alexandria against Byzantine Emperor Constantine's attack. He codified and standardisedthe Qur'an. His attempts to appease Abdullah ibn Saba' and his followers led to his assassination.
7	Aishah bint Abu Bakr	Ummul Mu'minin (Mother of the Believers)	ce. 606–678	Expert in Shariah(Islamic law), teacher and public-speaker	Banu Taym of Quraysh	Aishah was Muhammad's wife, and was daughter of Abu Bakr. She contributed to the development of Islamic thought and culture especially in relation to Muhammad's personal and private life. She was an expert in Fiqh (jurisprudence), Tafsir (Qur'anic scholarship) and Hadith (prophetic tradition). She memorised over 2,000 ahadith of Muhammad and taught males and females.
8	Khadija bint Khuwaylid	Khadija al-Kubra (Khadija the Great)	ce. 555–620	Businesswoman	Banu Quraysh	Khadija was Muḥammad's first wife, and the only wife who bore him children, they were married for 25 years until her death. She was the first person to embrace Islam, Muhammad's greatest supporter and his foremost benefactor. She spent her wealth and dedicated her energy for the cause of Islam. Her reputation, status in Mecca and commercial influence meant the Makkan oligarchy did not compromise the safety and security of Muhammad.
9	Khalid ibn al-Walid	Saifullah (Sword of God)	ce. 590–642	Soldier, military commander and general, war strategist and military tactician	Banu Makhzum of Quraysh	Khalid was a Sahabi (companion of Muhammad). He helped humble two of history’s greatest empires. He led 3,000 Muslims to victory over a 50,000 Byzantine army in the Battle of Yarmouk. He led an under strength Muslim army to victory over the Persian Army in the conquest of Persia. He also played a pivotal role in ending the subversive activities of the claimants of prophethood (Musaylimah, Tulayha and Sajah), who caused mischief in Arabia.
10	Abu Hurairah	Abu Hurairah (Father of Kittens)	ce. 601–679	Labourer, student of knowledge, teacher and governor	Banu Daws of Southern Arabia	Abu Hurairah was a Sahabi (companion of Muhammad). He was devoted and dedicated to preserving Hadith. With an enquiring mind he learned, mastered and memorised Islamic teachings, Islamic practises, Muhammad's sayings and deeds under his guidance. According to historian and traditionist Abd al-Rahman ibn Ali ibn Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi, Abu Hurairah narrated 5,374 hadiths in total.

See also

• The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History
• Top 100 (disambiguation)
• Who's Who

External links

• The Muslim 100: The Lives, Thoughts and Achievements of the Most Influential Muslims in History on Google Books