Backpacker murders
Backpacker murders | |
---|---|
Born | Ivan Robert Marko Milat 27 December 1944 |
Other names | The Backpacker Killer The Backpacker Murderer |
Criminal penalty | 7 consecutive life sentences plus 18 years without parole |
Details | |
Victims | 7-23+ |
Span of crimes | 1989–1993 |
Country | Australia |
State(s) | New South Wales |
Date apprehended | 22 May 1994 |
Imprisoned at | Long Bay Correctional Centre |
The backpacker murders were a spate of serial killings that took place in New South Wales, Australia, between 1989 and 1993, committed by Ivan Milat. The bodies of seven missing young people aged 19 to 22 were discovered partially buried in the Belanglo State Forest, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south-west of the New South Wales town of Berrima. Five of the victims were foreign backpackers (three German, two British) and two were Australian travellers from Melbourne. Milat was convicted of the murders on 27 July 1996 and is currently serving seven consecutive life sentences, as well as 18 years without parole.
Murders
Background
Up until the mid-1990s, hitchhiking in Australia was viewed as an adventurous and inexpensive, if not completely safe, means of travel.[1] Encouraged by articles in travel publications such as Lonely Planet, backpackers on limited budgets sought ways to travel cheaply, such as purchasing used cars or using buses.[2] However, unsolved Australian missing-person cases such as that of Trudie Adams (1978), Tony Jones (1982), Naoko Onda (1987)[3] and Anna Rosa Liva (1991)[4] led to those who still hitchhiked to begin to travel in pairs for safety.
By the time of the first Belanglo State Forest discoveries, several other backpackers had also disappeared. One case involved a young Victorian couple from Frankston, Deborah Everist (19) and James Gibson (19), who had been missing since leaving Sydney for ConFest, near Albury, on 30 December 1989.[5] Another related to Simone Schmidl (21), from Germany, who had been missing since leaving Sydney for Melbourne on 20 January 1991.[5] Similarly, a German couple, Gabor Neugebauer (21) and Anja Habschied (20), had disappeared after leaving a Kings Cross hostel for Mildura on 26 December 1991. Another involved missing British backpackers Caroline Clarke (21) and Joanne Walters (22), who were last seen in Kings Cross on 18 April 1992.[6]
First and second victims
On 19 September 1992, two runners discovered a concealed corpse while orienteering in Belanglo.[7] The following morning, police discovered a second body 30 metres (98 ft) from the first.[8] Police quickly confirmed, via dental records, that the bodies were those of Clarke and Walters.[5] Walters had been stabbed 14 times; four times in the chest, once in the neck, and nine times in the back which would have paralysed her.[5] Clarke had been shot 10 times in the head at the burial site, and police believe she had been used as target practice.[5][9] After a thorough search of the forest, investigators ruled out the possibility of further discoveries within Belanglo State Forest.[10]
Third and fourth victims
In October 1993, a local man searching for firewood discovered bones in a particularly remote section of the forest.[11] He returned with police to the scene where two bodies were quickly discovered and later identified as Gibson and Everist. Gibson's skeleton, found in a foetal position, showed eight stab wounds.[5] A large knife had cut through his upper spine causing paralysis, and stab wounds to his back and chest would have punctured his heart and lungs. Everist had been savagely beaten; her skull was fractured in two places, her jaw was broken and there were knife marks on her forehead. She had been stabbed once in the back.[12] The presence of Gibson's body in Belanglo puzzled investigators as his camera had previously been discovered on 31 December 1989, and his backpack later on 13 March 1990, by the side of the road at Galston Gorge, in the northern Sydney suburbs, over 120 kilometres (75 mi) to the north.[6][5]
Fifth, sixth and seventh victims
On 1 November 1993, a skeleton was found in a clearing along a fire trail in the forest during a police sweep.[13] It was later identified as that of Schmidl,[6] and bore at least eight stab wounds: two had severed her spine and others would have punctured her heart and lungs.[14] Clothing found at the scene was not Schmidl's, but matched that of another missing backpacker, Habschied.[5] The bodies of Habschied and Neugebauer were then found on a nearby fire trail, on 4 November 1993, in shallow graves 50 metres (160 ft) apart.[12] Habschied had been decapitated, and despite an extensive search, her skull was never found.[14][15] Neugebauer had been shot in the head six times.[14][16]
Search for the serial killer
In response to the finds, on 14 October 1993, Task Force Air, containing more than 20 detectives and analysts, was set up by the NSW Police.[17] On 5 November 1993, the NSW government increased the reward in relation to the Belanglo serial killings to $500,000.[17] Public warnings were also given, particularly aimed at international backpackers, to avoid hitchhiking along the Hume Highway.[5] After developing their profile of the killer, the police faced an enormous volume of data from numerous sources.[18] Investigators applied link analysis technology to Roads and Traffic Authority vehicle records, gym memberships, gun licensing, and internal police records. As a result, the list of suspects was progressively narrowed to a short list of 230, then to an even shorter list of 32.[19]
There were similar aspects to all the murders.[20] Each of the bodies had been dumped in remote bush-land and covered by a pyramid of sticks and ferns.[20][21] Forensic study determined that each had suffered multiple stab wounds to the torso, and many showed signs of sexual assault. The killer, probably a local with a 4WD,[17] had evidently restrained and spent considerable time with the victims both during and after the murders, as campsites were discovered close to the location of each body. Matching .22 bullets, shell casings, and cartridge boxes from two weapons also linked the crime scenes.[17] Speculation arose that the crimes were the work of several killers,[22][23] given that most of the victims had been attacked while as pairs, had been killed in different ways, and buried separately.
Fortunately, on 13 November 1993, police received a call from Paul Onions (24) in the U.K. On 25 January 1990, Onions had been backpacking in Australia and, while hitchhiking from Liverpool station towards Mildura, had accepted a ride south out of Casula from a man known only as "Bill".[24][16] South of the town of Mittagong, and less than 1 km from Belanglo State Forest, Bill stopped and pulled out a revolver and some ropes stating it was a robbery, at which point Onions managed to flee while Bill pursued and shot at him.[25][26] Onions flagged down Joanne Berry, a passing motorist, and together they sped off and described the assailant and his vehicle to the Bowral police.[27] On 13 April 1994, detectives re-found the note regarding Onions' call and sought the original report from Bowral police, but it was missing. Fortunately, a constable had recorded details in her notebook. Onions' statement was corroborated by Berry, who had also contacted the investigation team, along with the girlfriend of a man who worked with Ivan Milat, who thought he should be questioned over the case.[28]
Ivan Milat
Ivan Milat redirects here. For the Croatian painter, see Ivan Milat-Luketa
Background
Ivan Robert Marko Milat was born on 27 December 1944 at Guildford, New South Wales, Australia.[29] He is the son of a Croatian emigrant, Stjepan Marko "Steven" Milat (1902 – 23 April 1983), and an Australian, Margaret Elizabeth Piddleston (13 September 1920 – 6 October 2001), who married when she was 16.[30][31][32] Milat was the fifth-born of their 14 children.[33] Many of the 10 Milat boys were well known to local police, and Milat displayed antisocial behaviour at a young age, leading to a stint in a residential school at age 13.[34] By 17, he was in a juvenile detention centre for theft, and at 19, was involved in a shop break in.[34] In 1964, he was sentenced to 18 months for a break and enter, and a month after release, he was arrested for driving a stolen car and was sentenced to 2 years hard labour.[34] In September 1967, aged 23, he was sentenced to 3 years for theft.[34] In April 1971, he was charged with the abduction of two 18 year-old hitchhikers and the rape of one of them.[35] While awaiting trial, he was involved in a string of robberies with some of his brothers, before faking his suicide and fleeing to New Zealand for a year.[34] He was rearrested in 1974, but the robbery and kidnap cases against him failed at trial with the help of the Milat's family lawyer, John Marsden. Taking on a job as a truck driver in 1975, he met a woman, then aged 16 and pregnant by his cousin, whom he married in 1983.[34] She left him in 1987 due to domestic violence and they divorced in October 1989.[34] By the time of the first crimes, Milat had worked on and off for 20 years for the Roads & Traffic Authority all over the state.[34]
Arrest and trial
On 26 February 1994, police surveillance of the Milat house at Cinnabar Street, Eagle Vale commenced.[34] Police learnt that Milat had recently sold his silver Nissan Patrol four-wheel drive shortly after the discovery of the bodies of Clarke and Walters.[36] Police also confirmed that Milat had not been working on any of the days of the attacks[34][37] and acquaintances also told police about Milat's obsession with weapons.[7][38] Milat's brother, Bill, who often had his identity used by his brother for work or vehicle registrations, was questioned by investigators.[34] When the connection between the Belanglo murders and Onions' experience was made, Onions flew to Australia to help with the investigation.[39] On 5 May 1994, Onions positively identified Milat as the man who had picked him up and attempted to assault him.[11]
Milat was arrested at his home on robbery and weapon charges related to the Onions attack on 22 May 1994 after 50 police officers surrounded the premises, including heavily armed officers from the Tactical Operations Unit.[13][37] The search of Milat's home revealed various weapons, including a .22-calibre Anschütz Model 1441/42 rifle and parts of a .22 calibre Ruger 10/22 rifle that matched the type used in the murders, a Browning pistol, and a Bowie knife.[40] Also uncovered was foreign currency, clothing, a tent, sleeping bags, camping equipment and cameras belonging to several of his victims.[40][41] Homes belonging to his mother and five of his brothers were also searched at the same time by over 300 police,[42] uncovering a total of 24 weapons, 250 kg of ammunition, and several more items belonging to the victims.[40]
Milat appeared in court on 23 May, but he did not enter a plea.[14] On 31 May, Milat was also charged with the seven backpacker murders.[40] On 28 June, Milat sacked his defence lawyer, Marsden, and sought legal aid to pay for his defence.[40] Meanwhile, brothers Richard and Walter were tried in relation to weapons, drugs and stolen items found on their properties.[40] A committal hearing for Milat regarding the murders began on 24 October and lasted until 12 December, during which over 200 witnesses appeared.[40] Based on the evidence, at the beginning of February 1995, Milat was remanded in custody until June that same year.
On 26 March 1996, the trial opened at the NSW Supreme Court and was prosecuted by Mark Tedeschi.[43] His defence argued that, in spite of the evidence, there was no non-circumstantial proof Milat was guilty and attempted to shift the blame to other members of his family, particularly Richard.[43] 145 witnesses took the stand, including members of the Milat family who endeavoured to provide alibis, and, on 18 June, Milat himself.[44] On 27 July 1996, after 18 weeks of testimony, a jury found Milat guilty of the murders.[13][45] He was given a life sentence on each count without the possibility of parole. He was also convicted of the attempted murder, false imprisonment and robbery of Onions, for which he received six years' jail each.[16]
Incarceration and appeals
On his first day, when arriving at Maitland Gaol, Milat was beaten by another inmate.[46] Almost a year later, on 16 May 1997, he made an escape attempt alongside convicted drug dealer and former Sydney councillor George Savvas.[47] The plan failed and Savvas was found hanged in his cell the next day, and Milat was transferred to the maximum-security super prison in Goulburn, New South Wales.[48]
In November 1997, Milat appealed against his convictions due to a breach of his common law right to legal representation, as established in Dietrich v The Queen. However, the NSW Court of Criminal Appeal dismissed the appeal.[20] In 2004, Milat filed an application with the High Court that he be allowed special leave to appeal on new grounds. The application for leave was ultimately dismissed, affirming the Court of Criminal Appeal's decision to disallow his initial appeal.[49][50] On 27 October 2005, in the NSW Supreme Court[51] Milat's final avenue of appeal was refused.[52] In 2006, two other application attempts were rejected as well, as was one in November 2011.[44]
In 2006, a toaster and TV given to Milat in his cell caused a public outcry.[53][44] On 26 January 2009, Milat cut off his little finger with a plastic knife, with the intention of mailing it to the High Court to force an appeal.[54] He was taken to Goulburn Hospital under high security; however, on 27 January 2009 Milat was returned to prison after doctors decided surgery was not possible.[55] Milat had previously self-harmed in 2001, when he swallowed razor blades, staples and other metal objects.[54] In May 2011, Milat went on a 9-day hunger strike, losing 25 kilograms in an unsuccessful attempt to be given a PlayStation.[56]
Health
In May 2019, it was reported that Milat had been transferred to Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, and was subsequently diagnosed with terminal oesophageal cancer.[57] Following his treatment he was transferred to Long Bay Correctional Centre to continue his custodial sentences.[58]
On 9 August 2019, it was reported that a terminally ill Milat was moved to a secure treatment unit located in the Prince of Wales Hospital following the loss of 20 kilograms in recent weeks; Milat was also exhibiting a high temperature. His status, however, was not reported as life threatening.[59]
Other developments
Police maintain that Milat may have been involved in more attacks or murders than the seven for which he was convicted.[44] Based on MO similarities, examples include Keren Rowland (20, disappeared 26 February 1971, found in the Fairbairn Pine Plantation in May 1971), Peter Letcher (18, missing November 1987, found in the Jenolan State Forest in 1988), and Dianne Pennacchio (29, disappeared 6 September 1991, found in the Tallaganda State Forest in November 1991).[44][60] Further, given the possibility of an accomplice,[61] the murder cases were kept open.[44] On 18 July 2005, Milat's former lawyer, Marsden, made a deathbed statement in which he claimed that Milat had been assisted by his sister, Shirley Soire (1946–2003), in the killings of the two British backpackers.[33][62]
In 2001, Milat, was ordered to give evidence at an inquest into the disappearances in the Newcastle area of three other female backpackers (Leanne Goodall, 20, disappeared 30 December 1978; Robyn Hickie, 18, disappeared 7 April 1979; Amanda Robinson, 14, disappeared 21 April 1979).[44][63] A related cold case is that of Gordana Kotevski (16) who disappeared in 1994.[64] Although Milat was working in the area at the time of the crimes, no case has been brought against him due to a lack of evidence.[65] Similar inquiries were launched in 2003, in relation to the disappearance of two nurses and again in 2005, relating to the disappearance of hitchhiker Annette Briffa, but no charges were laid.[66][67]
In 2010, in a media interview, Onions, described how he accepted, but did not use, a $200,000 reward granted for his part in the conviction of Milat.[44][68][69][70]
In 2012, Milat's great-nephew Matthew Milat and his friend Cohen Klein (both aged 19 at the time of their sentencing) were sentenced to 43 years and 32 years in prison, respectively, for murdering David Auchterlonie on his 17th birthday with an axe at the Belanglo State Forest in November 2010. Matthew Milat struck Auchterlonie with the double-headed axe as Klein audio-recorded the attack with a mobile phone.[71][72]
In May 2015, Milat's brother Boris Milat told Steve Aperen, a former homicide detective who serves as a consultant with the Los Angeles Police Department and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, that Milat was responsible for another shooting: that of taxi cab driver Neville Knight, in 1962 after Milat admitted to the crime. After conducting polygraph tests with Boris Milat and Allan Dillon, the man convicted of Knight's shooting, Aperen is convinced that both men are telling the truth and that Milat did in fact shoot Knight.[73]
In popular culture
On 8 November 2004, Milat gave a televised interview on Australian Story, in which he denied that any of his family had been implicated in the seven murders.[74] The 2005 Australian film Wolf Creek is based on the backpacker murders of two British females.[75][76] A sequel, Wolf Creek 2, based on backpacker murders of two Germans, was released in 2013. A miniseries on the Seven Network, Catching Milat, screened in 2015 and focused on the members of "Task Force Air" who tracked Milat.[77] A book by Milat's nephew, Alistair Shipsey, The Milat Letters (ISBN 1785547844) was released in 2016;[78][79] In December 2018, it was revealed that Australian author Amanda Howard was authoring a book, based on her correspondence with Milat, of his crimes.[80] In March 2019, Casefile True Crime Podcast began airing a 5-part series on the crimes.[5]
References
- ^ Spencer, Geoff. "Australian Murders Make Campers, Backpackers Jittery". AP NEWS. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
- ^ "Hitchhiking in Australia Tips plus The Pros and Cons & Safety Tips". Nomads - Discover Different. 1 November 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
- ^ "23 Sept 1992, Page 4 - The Age at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
- ^ "Anna Rosa LIVA". www.australianmissingpersonsregister.com. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Case 109: Belanglo (Part 1)". Casefile: True Crime Podcast. 23 March 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ a b c Meacham, Steve (24 April 2006). "Friends born of sorrow". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ a b Lennon, Troy (19 September 2017). "Twenty five years ago the first victims of Backpacker Killer Ivan Milat were found in Belanglo Forest". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
- ^ Whittaker, Mark; Kennedy, Les (10 November 2007). Sins of the Brother: The Definitive Story of Ivan Milat and the Backpacker Murders. Pan Macmillan Australia. pp. 267–268, 322. ISBN 978-0-330-36284-9. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ Kennedy, Les (5 September 2010). "Back into heart of darkness". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- ^ "Case 109: Belanglo (Part 2)". 30 March 2019.
- ^ a b Brown, Malcolm (2000). Bombs, Guns and Knives: Violent Crime in Australia. Sydney: New Holland. pp. 148–153. ISBN 1-86436-668-0.
- ^ a b "The nine bodies found in Belanglo forest". The Australian. AAP. 22 November 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ a b c "Timeline". Crime & Investigation Network. AETN UK. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ a b c d Spielman, Peter James (31 May 1994). "Suspect charged in seven murders". The Dispatch. AP. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ Thorne, Frank (31 August 2010). "Skull found in hunt for more victims of British girls' killer". Daily Express. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ a b c Newton, Michael (1 January 2006). The Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. Infobase Publishing. pp. 178–179. ISBN 978-0-8160-6987-3. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Case 109: Belanglo (Part 2) cebo". Casefile: True Crime Podcast. 30 March 2019.
- ^ Mouzos, Jenny. "Investigating Homicide: New Responses for an Old Crime" (PDF). Australian Institute of Criminology. Australian Government. p. 5. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ Mena, Jesús (2011). Machine Learning Forensics for Law Enforcement, Security, and Intelligence. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group). ISBN 978-1-4398-6069-4.
- ^ a b c Regina v Milat [1998] NSWSC 795 (26 February 1998).
- ^ Whittington-Egan, Richard; Whittington-Egan, Molly (18 October 2013). Murder on File. Neil Wilson Publishing. p. 312. ISBN 978-1-906476-53-3. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
- ^ Hickey, Eric W. (22 July 2003). Encyclopedia of Murder and Violent Crime. SAGE Publications. p. 313. ISBN 978-0-7619-2437-1. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
- ^ Maynard, Roger (30 January 2011). "Did Australia's backpacker killer have an accomplice?". The Independent. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ Starick, Paul (22 October 2015). "Belanglo State Forest once again the home of nightmarish murder". The Advertiser. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
- ^ "Backpacker murders: How backpacker Paul Onions survived a close encounter with evil Ivan Milat". Herald Sun. 15 May 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
- ^ Oliver, Robin (26 July 2006). "Born to Kill – Ivan Milat". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- ^ Murray, David (31 January 2010). "Backpacker who escaped Ivan Milat to return to Australia". The Courier-Mail. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ Small, Clive (19 April 2014). "On the trail of a ... serial killer". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
- ^ Brown, Malcolm; Feneley, Rick (24 November 2010). "Life never a picnic for the dirt-poor, troubled Milat clan". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
- ^ Brown, Malcolm; Feneley, Rick (24 November 2010). "Life never a picnic for the dirt-poor, troubled Milat clan". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
- ^ Kennedy, Les (28 November 2010). "Does crime run in the Milat family tree?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- ^ "Margaret Elizabeth Milat – HeavenAddress Resting Place". www.heavenaddress.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
- ^ a b Kennedy, Les (21 July 2005). "Milat case stalked by uncertainty". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Case 109: Belanglo (Part 3)". 6 April 2019.
- ^ "Ivan Milat Biography". The Biography Channel. A+E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ Marriott, Trevor (4 September 2013). The Evil Within – A Top Murder Squad Detective Reveals The Chilling True Stories of The World's Most Notorious Killers. John Blake Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-78219-365-4. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ a b Bellamy, Patrick. "Ivan Milat: The Last Ride". TruTV. Time Warner Inc. pp. 12–13. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ Chapman, Simon (2013). Over Our Dead Bodies: Port Arthur and Australia's Fight for Gun Control (PDF). Sydney University Press. p. 163. ISBN 978-1-74332-031-0. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ Bearup, Greg (21 September 2013). "1994: Clive Small, capturing Milat". The Australian. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Case 109: Belanglo (Part 4)". Casefile: True Crime Podcast. 13 April 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ "Ivan Milat". Crime & Investigation Network. Foxtel. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ Kidd, Paul B. (1 August 2011). Australia's Serial Killers. Pan Macmillan Australia. p. 344. ISBN 978-1-74262-798-4. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ a b "The Trial". Crime & Investigation Network. AETN UK. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Case 109: Belanglo (Part 5)". Casefile: True Crime Podcast. 20 April 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ Walker, Frank (23 May 2004). "Milat's brother claims police still treating him as murder suspect". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- ^ "Skeleton key to unlock Ivan Milat mystery?". Herald Sun. AAP. 30 August 2010. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ "Maitland Correctional Centre Escape Attempt". Parliament of New South Wales. 20 May 1997. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ "Skeleton key to unlock Ivan Milat mystery?". Herald Sun. AAP. 30 August 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- ^ Milat v The Queen [2004] HCA 17, (2004) 205 ALR 338; (2004) 78 ALJR (24 February 2004).
- ^ "Serial killer Milat loses conviction appeal". The Sydney Morning Herald. AAP. 28 May 2004. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
- ^ R v Milat (backpacker murders) [2005] NSWSC 920 (27 October 2005).
- ^ "Serial killer's appeal is refused". BBC News. 7 November 2005. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- ^ "Milat gets TV, toaster returned to cell". The Sydney Morning Herald. 14 July 2006. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ a b "Medics unable to reattach Milat's finger". The Sydney Morning Herald. AAP. 27 January 2009. Retrieved 27 January 2009.
- ^ "Serial killer Ivan Milat cuts off finger in High Court protest". News.com.au. 27 January 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ Bashan, Yoni (15 May 2011). "Ivan Milat on hunger strike over Playstation". News.com.au. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
- ^ Cormack, Lucy (15 May 2019). "Serial killer Ivan Milat unlikely to return to supermax after terminal cancer diagnosis". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ "Ivan Milat moves to Long Bay jail hospital from Prince of Wales". 28 May 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
- ^ "Serial killer Ivan Milat transferred to Sydney hospital from jail". The 7.30 Report. 9 August 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
- ^ "Time for Milat to confess". www.theaustralian.com.au. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ "Milat case stalked by uncertainty". The Sydney Morning Herald. 21 July 2005. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ "Milat did not act alone, solicitor says". The 7.30 Report. 19 July 2005. Archived from the original on 20 June 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- ^ "Milat linked to 1970s missing persons case". PM. 12 June 2001. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- ^ "Cold cases linked to Ivan Milat reopened by new task force". NewsComAu. 5 June 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ Connolly, Ellen (5 July 2002). "No peaceful rest". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- ^ Kennedy, Les (8 December 2003). "Milat link to nurses missing since 1980". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- ^ "Milat a suspect in teen's cold-case 'murder'". The Sydney Morning Herald. AAP. 27 January 2005. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- ^ "Serial killer hero rejects huge reward". www.heraldsun.com.au. 30 January 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ "Briton to donate reward for identifying serial killer". The Irish Times. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ Bevan, Nathan (7 February 2010). "Man who escaped backpacker killer talks for the first time". walesonline. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ Wells, Jamelle (9 June 2012). "Milat relative gets 30 years for axe murder". ABC News. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ Dale, Amy (8 June 2012). "Matthew Milat sentenced to 30 years jail for 'cold blooded' murder". News.com.au. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ Lees, Philippa (3 May 2015). "Detective Says 'No Doubt' Over Ivan Milat Claim". Yahoo! News. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- ^ Stewart, John (8 November 2004). "Milat says brothers innocent". ABC News. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- ^ Johnston, Chris (19 November 2005). "Beware a wolf in crocodile clothing". The Age. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
- ^ Joyce, James (29 October 2005). "No crime in using facts". The Newcastle Herald. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
- ^ Blundell, Graeme (16 May 2005). "Catching Milat revisits backpacker murders". The Australian. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
- ^ "The Milat Letters". www.amazon.com. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ Murray, David; Cortis (16 May 2019). "Serial killer Milat 'has little chance of survival'". The Australian. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ Begley, Lucy Cormack, Patrick (18 May 2019). "'He's very confident of going to heaven': the letters of Ivan Milat". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
External links
- Mitchell, Alex (25 January 2004). "Milat issues challenge to police boss". The Age. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- "Into the Forest – Part 2". Australian Story. 8 November 2004. Archived from the original on 14 January 2008. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- "Milat accomplice claim rejected". The Sydney Morning Herald. AAP. 16 July 2005. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- 'I survived a serial killer' - Paul Onions on Ivan Milat 60 Minutes Australia (1996) - YouTube
- The Backpacker Murders: Ivan Milat | Crime Investigation Australia (2005) - YouTube
- Did serial killer Ivan Milat brutally murder these other victims? News.com.au (2017)
- Terminally ill serial killer Ivan Milat sent back to prison Nine News Australia (2019) - YouTube
- 1989 in Australia
- 1992 in Australia
- 1993 in Australia
- Murder in New South Wales
- Serial murders in Australia
- 1980s in New South Wales
- 1990s in New South Wales
- 1980s murders in Australia
- 1989 crimes in Australia
- 1989 murders in Oceania
- 1990s murders in Australia
- 1992 crimes in Australia
- 1992 murders in Oceania
- 1993 crimes in Australia
- 1993 murders in Oceania