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DEFINITION
The Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) interannual variability at 1000 m is monitored in the defined boxes by computing the salinity anomaly. Salinity data is extracted from several CMEMS products and averaged in the corresponding monitoring domain.
Anomalies are computed from the following CMEMS products:

  • IBI-MYP: IBI_REANALYSIS_PHY_005_002
  • IBI-NRT: IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001
  • GLO-MYP: GLOBAL_REANALYSIS_PHY_001_025
  • CORA: INSITU_GLO_TS_REP_OBSERVATIONS_013_001_b
  • ARMOR: GLOBAL_REP_PHY_001_021


Anomalies of timeseries of salinity have been computed referenced to the monthly climatology obtained from IBI-MYP in the period 1993-2014.

CONTEXT
The Mediterranean Outflow Water mass is produced at the Gulf of Cadiz from the intense mixing processes of the North Atlantic Central Water (NACW) and the warm and salty Mediterranean waters overflowing the Gibraltar sill. MOW is accumulated in an area west of the Iberian Peninsula (Daniault et al., 1994) and spreads from this reservoir following two main advective pathways: a westward branch to the central Atlantic, and a poleward pathway driven by the Iberian Poleward Current that follows the continental slopes, reaching high latitudes as Rockall Trough at 56ºN (Holliday et al. 2008; Lozier and Stewart 2008).
The importance of the heat and salt transport promoted by the MOW flow has implications beyond the boundaries of the IBI domain (Reid 1979, Paillet et al. 1998, Van Aken 2000). Therefore, monitoring of MOW variability become decisive to have a proper understanding of the climate system and its evolution (e.g. Bozec et al. 2011). The CMEMS MOW OMI provide a set of timeseries of salinity anomalies computed in key areas. The objective is the establishment of a long-term monitoring program to observe the MOW variability and trends in the IBI regional seas. More details and full scientific evaluation can be found in the CMEMS Ocean State report (Pascual et al., 2018).

CMEMS KEY FINDINGS
Three monitoring boxes (N2, N3 and S1) present statistically significant trends. However, the high uncertainties of the monitoring box S1 in the first half of the record (from 1992 to 2006) leads to consider the trend not reliable in S1.
In box N1 the year 2018 shows a remarkable positive anomaly of salinity. This high salinity event has the highest salinity positive anomaly recorded in the box. Box N3 shows a significant positive trend of anomalies. However, the period 2015-2019 of box N3 is dominated by a sequence of negative anomalies.
Despite of the entire time series of monitoring box N4 does not show a significant trend, the period 2003-2018 shows a negative evolution of anomalies.

REFERENCES

  • Bozec A, Lozier MS, Chassignet EP, Halliwell GR. 2011. On the variability of the Mediterranean outflow water in the North Atlantic from 1948 to 2006. J Geophys Res 116:C09033. doi:10.1029/2011JC007191.
  • Daniault N, Maze JP, Arhan M. 1994. Circulation and mixing of MediterraneanWater west of the Iberian Peninsula. Deep Sea Res. Part I. 41:1685–1714.
  • Holliday NP. 2003. Air-sea interaction and circulation changes in the northeast Atlantic. J Geophys Res. 108(C8):3259. doi:10.1029/2002JC001344.
  • Lozier MS, Stewart NM. 2008. On the temporally varying northward penetration of Mediterranean overflow water and eastward penetration of Labrador Sea water. J Phys Oceanogr. 38(9):2097–2103. doi:10.1175/2008JPO3908.1.
  • Paillet J, Arhan M, McCartney M. 1998. Spreading of labrador Sea water in the eastern North Atlantic. J Geophys Res. 103 (C5):10223–10239.
  • Pascual A, Levier B, Sotillo M, Verbrugge N, Aznar R, Le Cann B. 2018. Characterisation of Mediterranean outflow wáter in the Iberia-Gulf of Biscay-Ireland region. In: von Schuckmann, K., Le Traon, P.-Y., Smith, N., Pascual, A., Braseur, P., Fennel, K., Djavidnia, S.: Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 2, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11, sup1, s1-s142, doi:10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208, 2018.
  • Reid JL. 1979. On the contribution of the Mediterranean Sea outflow to the Norwegian‐Greenland Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 26, 1199–1223, doi:10.1016/0198-0149(79)90064-5.
  • Van Aken HM. 2000. The hydrography of the mid-latitude northeast Atlantic Ocean I: the deep water masses. Deep Sea Res. Part I. 47:757–788.
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