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Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Hong Kong

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"Visa requirements for Hong Kong citizens" redirects here. For entry requirements for Hong Kong residents with British National (Overseas) status, see Visa requirements for British Nationals (Overseas).
Visa pages of the second version of the Hong Kong SAR Passport

Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Hong Kong are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on holders of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passports.

As of 1 October 2019, Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of Hong Kong (hereafter called Chinese citizens of Hong Kong) holding HKSAR passports had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 168 countries and territories (tied with Croatia), ranking the HKSAR passport 18th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1] The official figure provided by the Hong Kong Immigration Department of countries and territories granting visa-free access to Hong Kong SAR passport holders was 166 as of 2 August 2019. (However, this figure excludes countries and territories which are not officially recognised by the People's Republic of China, such as Kosovo and Taiwan so the practical figure relevant to travellers is actually higher.)[2]

Due to its one country, two systems stance, the Government of Hong Kong can make a visa-waiver agreement for Chinese residents of Hong Kong with other countries. As a result of both bilateral visa abolition agreements (e.g. between Hong Kong and Russia[3]) and unilateral decisions to grant visa exemptions (e.g.Myanmar), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport holders enjoy visa exemptions and simplified visa procedures to a large number of destinations worldwide. Whilst the visa exemptions mostly only apply when Chinese citizens of Hong Kong are visiting on short trips for pleasure or on business, a number of countries extend the visa exemption to short stays involving paid activities (e.g. Belgium and Luxembourg).

Chinese citizens of Hong Kong may hold a HKSAR passport only if they are also permanent residents of Hong Kong and hold a valid Hong Kong Permanent Identity Card. This article deals only with the visa requirements for HKSAR passport holders, who due to the "One country, two systems" principle are not eligible to hold PRC passports, and visa versa. For PRC passport holders, check Visa requirements for Chinese citizens.

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Hong Kong
  Hong Kong
  ID card travel
  Home return permit travel
  Visa free access
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

Greater China

 Mainland China With Home Return Permit[4] Home Return Permit can only be applied from Hong Kong or Macau. For those without a Home Return Permit and are not in Hong Kong or Macau, a Chinese Travel Document is required and can be applied at Chinese diplomatic missions.
 Macau Visa not required[5] Visa free for holders of Hong Kong Permanent Identity Cards for a stay of less than one year. Visa not required for 7 days for passengers in transit holding HKSAR passports.
 Taiwan Entry permit on arrival or online entry permit[6] Entry permit on arrival for NT$300. Free online registration prior to arrival is also available. Applicable only to those born in Hong Kong or Macau, or those who have previously entered Taiwan at least once as a permanent resident of Hong Kong. Not applicable to HKSAR passport holders with nationality or citizenship of another country except for persons with dual Chinese nationality and British National (Overseas) status.[7]

In addition, HKSAR passport holders can now apply entry permit online.

Visa requirements

Visa requirements for holders of normal passports travelling for tourist purposes:

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[8]
 Albania Visa not required[9] 90 days
  • Permanent ID Card valid
 Algeria Visa required[10]
 Andorra Visa not required[11] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 days period
 Angola Visa required[12]
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[13] 30 days
 Argentina Visa not required[14] 90 days
 Armenia Visa not required[15] 180 days
 Australia Electronic Travel Authority[16] 90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted
 Austria Visa not required[17] 90 days
 Azerbaijan eVisa / Visa on arrival[18] 30 days
 Bahamas Visa not required[19] 3 months
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[20] 14 days
  • May apply online.[21]
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[22] (Conditional)
 Barbados Visa not required[23] 90 days[24]
 Belarus Visa not required[25] 30 days[26]
 Belgium Visa not required[27] 90 days
 Belize Visa not required[28]
 Benin Visa not required[29][30] 14 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[31]
 Bolivia Visa on arrival[32] 90 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[33] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
 Botswana Visa not required[34] 90 days
  • 90 days within any year period
 Brazil Visa not required[35] 90 days
 Brunei Visa not required[36] 14 days
 Bulgaria Visa not required[37] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Burkina Faso Visa on arrival[38] 1 month
 Burundi Visa required[39]
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[40] 30 days
  • May apply online.[41]
 Cameroon Visa required[42]
 Canada Visa not required[43] 6 months
  • eTA required if arriving by air.[44]
 Cape Verde Visa not required[45] 90 days
 Central African Republic Visa required[46]
 Chad Visa required[47]
 Chile Visa not required[48] 90 days
 Mainland China With Mainland Travel Permit only, Hong Kong Passport is only suitable for transit in Mainland China
  • Entry to Mainland China cannot be on a HKSAR passport. However, all eligible for a HKSAR passport are also eligible to apply for a separate Mainland Travel Permit(MTP), otherwise and previously known as a home return permit, allowing the holder to enter and stay in Mainland China for indefinite period until its expiry (as a tourist/ for business, those who wish to take up employment or studies need to apply for separate study/ work permits in addition to their MTP.) Issuance of the MTP however is not guaranteed for all Chinese citizens of Hong Kong and is at the sole discretion of the Bureau of Exit and Entry Administration of the Ministry of Public Security of China.
 Colombia Visa not required[49] 180 days
 Comoros Visa on arrival[50]
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[51]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[52]
 Costa Rica Visa required[53]
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[54]
  • Get Visa at International Airport Felix Houphouet Boigny in Abidjan.[55]
 Croatia Visa not required[56] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Cuba Tourist Card required[57] 30 days
 Cyprus Visa not required[58] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Czech Republic Visa not required[59] 90 days
 Denmark Visa not required[60] 90 days
 Djibouti eVisa[61] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[62] 6 months
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[63] 90 days
 Ecuador Visa not required[64] 90 days[65]
 Egypt Visa not required[66] 3 months
 El Salvador Visa required[67]
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[68]
 Eritrea Visa required[69]
 Estonia Visa not required[70] 90 days
 Eswatini Visa required[71]
 Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival[72] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa not required[75] 4 months
 Finland Visa not required[76] 90 days
 France and territories Visa not required[77] 90 days
 Gabon e-Visa[78]
 Gambia Visa required[79]
  • In addition to a visa, an entry clearance must be obtained from the Gambian Immigration prior to travel.[80]
 Georgia eVisa[81] 30 days
  • 30 days within any 120 days period
 Germany Visa not required[82] 90 days
 Ghana Visa required[83]
 Greece Visa not required[84] 90 days
 Grenada Visa not required[85] 3 months
 Guatemala Visa required[86]
 Guinea Visa required[87]<!—-No need change please, because Hong Kong is not qualified to Guinea E-VISA application—>
 Guinea-Bissau eVisa / Visa on arrival[88] 90 days
  • May apply online[89]
 Guyana Visa not required[90] 90 days[91]
 Haiti Visa not required[92] 3 months
 Honduras Visa required[93]
  • No visa required if holding valid visa of US, Canada, or Schengen Member State
 Hungary Visa not required[94] 90 days
 Iceland Visa not required[95] 90 days
 India e-Visa[96] 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 31 designated airports[Note 1] or 5 designated seaports.[Note 2][97]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[98]
 Indonesia Visa not required[99] 30 days
 Iran Visa not required[100] 21 days[101][11]
 Iraq Visa required[102]
 Ireland Visa not required[103] 3 months
 Israel Visa not required[104] 3 months
 Italy Visa not required[105] 90 days
 Jamaica Visa not required[106] 30 days
 Japan Visa not required[107] 90 days
 Jordan Visa on arrival[108]
  • Free of charge.
  • Not available at all entry points.[109]
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[110] 14 days
 Kenya eVisa / Visa on arrival[111] 3 months
 Kiribati Visa not required[112] 120 days
 North Korea Visa required[113]
 South Korea Visa not required[114] 90 days
 Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[115] 3 months
 Kyrgyzstan eVisa[116]
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[118] 30 days
 Latvia Visa not required[122] 90 days
 Lebanon Visa on arrival[123] 1 month
  • 1 month extendable for 2 additional months
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 Lesotho Visa not required[124] 90 days
 Liberia Visa required[125]
 Libya Visa required[126]
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[127] 90 days
 Lithuania Visa not required[128] 90 days
 Luxembourg Visa not required[129] 90 days
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[130] 90 days
 Malawi Visa not required[131] 30 days
 Malaysia Visa not required[132] 1 month
 Maldives Visa on arrival[133] 30 days[65]
 Mali Visa required[134]
 Malta Visa not required[135] 90 days
 Marshall Islands Visa required[136]
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[137]
 Mauritius Visa not required[138] 90 days
 Mexico Visa not required[139] 180 days
 Micronesia Visa not required[140] 30 days
 Moldova Visa not required[141] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Monaco Visa not required[142] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Mongolia Visa not required[143] 14 days
 Montenegro Visa not required[144] 90 days
 Morocco Visa not required[145] 30 days
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[146] 30 days
 Myanmar Visa not required[148] 30 days
 Namibia Visa not required[149] 3 months
 Nauru Visa required[150]
   Nepal Free visa on arrival[151] 90 days
 Netherlands Visa not required[152] 90 days
 New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority[153] 90 days
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be obtained alongside Electronic Travel Authority.[154]
 Nicaragua Visa not required[155] 90 days
 Niger Visa not required[156] 14 days
 Nigeria Visa required[157]
 North Macedonia Visa not required[158] 90 days
 Norway Visa not required[159] 90 days
 Oman eVisa[160] 30 days
 Pakistan eVisa[161]
  • Online visa is eligible
  • Visa on arrival when travelling on business valid for 30 days. Conditions apply.[162]
 Palau Free visa on arrival[163] 30 days
 Panama Visa not required[164] 30 days
 Papua New Guinea eVisa / Free visa on arrival[165] 60 days
 Paraguay Visa required[166]
 Peru Visa not required[167] 183 days
 Philippines Visa not required[168] 14 days
 Poland Visa not required[169] 90 days
 Portugal Visa not required[170] 90 days
 Qatar Visa not required[171] 30 days
 Romania Visa not required[172] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Russia Visa not required[173] 14 days
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[174] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[175] 3 months
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[176] 42 days
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[177] 1 month
 Samoa Free Entry Permit on arrival[178] 60 days
 San Marino Visa not required[179]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa / Visa on arrival[180] 15 days.[181][182]
  • Holders of a visa issued by the United States do not require a visa.
 Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[183][184] 90 days
 Senegal Visa required[185]
 Serbia Visa not required[186] 14 days
 Seychelles Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[187] 3 months[65]
 Sierra Leone Visa required[188]
 Singapore Visa not required[189] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa not required[190] 90 days
 Slovenia Visa not required[191] 90 days
 Solomon Islands Visa required[192]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival
 Somalia Visa on arrival[193] 30 days
 South Africa Visa not required[194] 30 days
 South Sudan Visa required[195]
 Spain Visa not required[196] 90 days
 Sri Lanka Electronic Travel Authorization[197] 30 days
  • Extendable for another 150 days. Also visa available upon arrival.[198]
 Sudan Visa required[199]
 Suriname Visa not required[200] 90 days
 Sweden Visa not required[201] 90 days
  Switzerland Visa not required[202] 90 days
 Syria Visa required[203]
 Tajikistan eVisa[204] 45 days
  • 45 days within any 90 days period
  • E-visa holders can enter through all border points.[205]
 Tanzania Visa not required[206] 3 months
 Thailand Visa not required[207] 30 days
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[208] 30 days
  • Not available at all entry points.[209]
 Togo Visa on arrival[210] 7 days
 Tonga Free visa on arrival[211] 31 days
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[212]
 Tunisia Visa not required[213] 90 days
 Turkey Visa not required[214] 3 months
 Turkmenistan Visa required[215]
 Tuvalu Free visa on arrival[216] 1 month[65]
 Uganda Visa not required[217] 3 months
 Ukraine Visa not required[218] 14 days
 United Arab Emirates Free visa on arrival[219] 30 days
 United Kingdom Visa not required[220] 6 months
 United States Visa required[221]
  • HK citizens who do receive a visa are normally issued with "10-years multiple-entry combination B1/B2 visas."
 Uruguay Visa not required[222] 3 months
 Uzbekistan eVisa[223][224] 30 days
  • 5-day visa-free transit at the international airports if holding a confirmed onward ticket for a flight to a third country.[225]
 Vanuatu Visa not required[226] 30 days
 Vatican City Visa not required[227]
 Venezuela Visa not required[228] 90 days
 Vietnam eVisa[229] 30 days
 Yemen Visa not required[230] 30 days
 Zambia Visa not required[231] 90 days
 Zimbabwe Visa not required[232] 6 months

Territories

Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Hong Kong for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognised countries and restricted zones:

Europe
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Abkhazia Visa required[233]
Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[234][235]
Autonomous Republic of Crimea Crimea Visa not required Visa issued by Russia is required, HK SAR Passport is exempted from a visa to enter Russia for 14 days.[236]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[237][238]
United Nations UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[239] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 Faroe Islands Visa not required[240]
 Gibraltar Visa not required[241]
 Guernsey Visa not required[242]
 Isle of Man Visa not required[243]
Norway Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[244] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[245]
 Jersey Visa not required[246]
 Kosovo Visa not required[247] 90 days
 Artsakh Visa required[248][249] Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[250]
 Russia Special authorisation required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorisation.[251]
 South Ossetia Visa not required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[252][253]
 Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24h.[254][255]
Africa
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[256]
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[257]
 Mayotte Visa not required[258] 90 days
 Réunion Visa not required[258] 90 days
 Ascension Island Admission refused[259][260] From May 2015, the Ascension Island Government does not issue entry visas including eVisas to Chinese citizens of Hong Kong.[261]
 Saint Helena Visitor's Pass required Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[262]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[263]
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[264][265]
 Sudan Travel permit required All foreigners travelling more than 25 kilometres outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Sudan Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[266]
Asia
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for all of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and parts of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[267][268][269][270][271]
 Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[272]
Iran Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[273]
Malaysia Malaysia:

Sabah Sabah and Sarawak Sarawak

Visa not required These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[274]
Maldives Maldives Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[275]
 Palestine Visa not required[276] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[277]
Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[278][279][280]
United Nations Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone
United Nations UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone
 Yemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana'a or Aden.[281]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)f
 Anguilla Visa not required[282] 3 months
 Aruba Visa not required[283] 30 days
 Bermuda Visa not required[284] lesser than 6 months
Netherlands Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa not required[285] 30 days
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required[286] 30 days
 Cayman Islands Visa not required[287] 60 days for tourism / 10 days for business
 Curacao Visa not required[288] 30 days
France French Guiana Visa not required[289] 90 days
France French West Indies Visa not required French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[290]
 Greenland Visa not required[240] 90 days
 Montserrat Visa not required[291] 90 days
 Puerto Rico Visa required[292]
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required[258] 90 days
 Sint Maarten Visa not required[293] 3 months
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required[294] 90 days
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa required[295]
Oceania
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 American Samoa Visa required[296]
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[297]
France Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[298]
 Cook Islands Visa not required[299] 31 days[300]
Fiji Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[301]
 French Polynesia Visa not required[302] 90 days
 Guam Visa not required[303] Visa free for holders of both Hong Kong Permanent Identity Cards and HKSAR Passport for a stay of less than 45 days. Visa required if without Hong Kong Permanent Identity Cards.
 New Caledonia Visa not required[258] 90 days
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa not required[304] Visa free for holders of both Hong Kong Permanent Identity Cards and HKSAR Passport for a stay of less than 45 days. Visa required if without Hong Kong Permanent Identity Cards.
 Niue Visa on arrival[305] 30 days[306]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[307][308][309]
United States United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[310][311][312][313][314][315][316]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa not required[258] 90 days
South America
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
Galápagos Pre-registration required Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[317]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Falkland Islands Visa not required[318] 4 months
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[319][320]
Antarctica Special permits required for  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australia Australian Antarctic Territory, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australia Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norway Peter I Island, Norway Queen Maud Land, New Zealand Ross Dependency.[321][322][323][324][325][326][327][328][329][330][331][332]

APEC Business Travel Card

  Full members of the scheme
  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[333]

1 – up to 90 days
2 – up to 60 days
3 – up to 59 days

Permanent residents with Chinese nationality ( holders of HKSAR passport/ BN(O) passport) are required to apply for a Mainland Travel Permit to enter China Mainland China, to the exclusion of all other documents.

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[334]

  • no need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by  Canada and  United States)
  • undertake legitimate business in participating economies
  • expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
  • expedited scheduling of visa interview (United States)

Non-visa restrictions

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[335] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[336] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[337]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[338][339]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[340][341] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[342]

Some countries, such as Japan,[343] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[344] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[345] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[346] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[347] Philippines,[348] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[349]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[350] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[351] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[352]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[353] Lebanon,[354] Libya,[355] and Yemen[356] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[357]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[358][359] Argentina,[360] Brunei, Cambodia,[361] China,[362] Ethiopia,[363] Ghana, Guinea,[364] India, Japan,[365][366] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[367] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[368] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[369] Singapore, South Korea,[370] Taiwan, Thailand,[371] Uganda,[372] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[373][374][375] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[376]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[377] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[378][379]

See also

Notes

  1. ^
  2. ^
  3. ^
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Lantui - Baka (China)
    • Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Phoudou (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
    • Lalai (Vietnam)
    • Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
    • Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
    • Savannakhet Airport
  4. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Bokeo
  5. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammouane
    • Bokeo
  6. ^
    • Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Khamsavath - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)

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  335. ^ Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2024. The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
  336. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
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  339. ^ Country list - Yellow fever vaccination requirements and recommendations; and malaria situation; and other vaccination requirement
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  357. ^ Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
  358. ^ "How to enter Afghanistan. The Entry Requirements for Afghanistan - CountryReports". Countryreports.org.
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  362. ^ "China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors". Air Canada. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
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  367. ^ "Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019. Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
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  373. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  374. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  375. ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  376. ^ Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
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  379. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
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