Fadzil Noor
Fadzil Noor | |
|---|---|
| فاضل بن محمد نور | |
| File:Fadzil Noor.jpg | |
| 7th Leader of the Opposition | |
| In office 29 November 1999 – 23 June 2002 | |
| Monarchs | Jaafar Salahuddin |
| Prime Minister | Mahathir Mohamad |
| Preceded by | Lim Kit Siang |
| Succeeded by | Abdul Hadi Awang |
| President of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party | |
| In office 1989 – 23 June 2002 | |
| Preceded by | Yusof Rawa |
| Succeeded by | Abdul Hadi Awang |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Fadzil bin Muhammad Noor 13 March 1939 |
| Died | 23 June 2002 (aged 63) |
| Political party | Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party |
| Spouse | Siti Khadijah Ibrahim |
| Children | 8 (5 sons & 3 daughters) |
| Parent(s) | Mohd Noor Abdul Hamid Hindun Abdul Rahman |
| Alma mater | Al-Azhar University |
| Profession | Religious teacher |
Dato' Ustaz Haji Fadzil bin Muhammad Noor[1] (Jawi: فاضل بن محمد نور; 13 March 1939 – 23 June 2002) was a Malaysian politician and religious teacher. He was the president of Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) from 1989 to 2002 and Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament of Malaysia from 1999 to 2002.
Fadzil became the Deputy President of PAS in 1983, when Yusof Rawa ascended to the party's presidency. The election of Yusof and Fadzil marked a victory for the party's conservative ulama faction. Both men wanted PAS to advocate for an Islamic state in Malaysia modelled on the one that had arisen in Iran following the 1979 revolution there.[2]
When Yusof resigned due to health reasons in 1989, Fadzil became PAS's President. He set PAS on a more moderate path, diverting from the hardline Islamism of Yusof's presidency. This involved reorienting the party's platform away from the propagation of religious doctrine towards a greater focus on social and economic issues such as poverty alleviation.[3] This approach brought greater electoral success for the party. PAS captured the state of Kelantan at the 1990 election and Terengganu in 1999.[4] His presidency saw the formation of the Barisan Alternatif coalition between PAS, the Democratic Action Party and Keadilan, which made large gains in the 1999 election.[5] In the face of criticism from the party's conservatives, he justified cooperation with non-Muslim opposition parties by arguing that PAS's 'struggle for justice' was 'not only for the Malays, not only for the Muslims, but for all Malaysians'.[6]
Fadzil also set about infusing the party's youth ranks with urban professionals, such as Hatta Ramli, Dzulkefly Ahmad and Nasharudin Mat Isa, to diversify the party's future leadership beyond religious clerics.[7]
Fadzil died on 23 June 2002 after undergoing heart bypass surgery.[8] He was succeeded as PAS President and leader of the opposition in Parliament by Abdul Hadi Awang.
He was an alumnus of Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt.[9]
Early life
He was born in Kampung Seberang Pumpung, Alor Setar, Kedah. His father Mohd Noor Abdul Hamid and his mother Hindun Haji Abdul Rahman. He is the eldest of four siblings. His great-grandfather, Tuan Guru Haji Idris Al-Jarumi, is one of the most respected scholars from Patani, Thailand and a well-known person in Kedah.
He married Siti Khadijah Ibrahim in 1963. His wife was a former student of Farbish Bakar Religious School, Alor Star. His wife was with Al-Azhar. They got eight children, namely Huda, Ammar, Aiman, Muna 'Izzah, Muhammad Faiz, Salwa, Ahmad Fauwaz and Ahmad Anas.
Education
He received his early education at the Derga Malay School (1946-1951), Derga, Alor Setar and Maktab Mahmud (1951 -1959) before furthering his studies at Al Azhar University, Egypt (1963-1967) majoring in Islamic Law. sponsored by the Kedah government scholarship from 1963 to 1967. In 1967, during his time in Egypt, he held the position of Secretary and Deputy President in the Egyptian Malay Association of Egypt (PMRAM).
Career
Upon returning from Egypt he taught at Maktab Mahmud and later as a lecturer at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) (1973-1978). He was fired from UTM for contesting in the 1977 Election at Alor Merah State Assembly and the Kuala Kedah parliament. He brought the case to court because dismissal did not follow the correct channels. The Court ordered UTM to pay damages and return to a lecturer. A few months later he resigned for the full-time PAS fight.
ABIM President
Ustaz Fadzil Noor had been the Information Secretary of the Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM) (1973-1974) and ABIM Deputy President (1974-1978) and Secretary of the Malaysian Ulama Association (1974-1976). ABIM is a symbiosis to the PAS Youth Council where 8,000 members of ABIM are PAS members. The ABIM broadcast is also actively spreading books and writings of Muslim Brotherhood such as Hassan al Banna, Syed Qutb and Jamiat Islami, Maududi. Some PUM leaders are also key milestones of PAS such as Ustaz Ahmad Awang and Ustaz Abdul Ghani Shamsuddin.
Fadzil Noor was appointed President of ABIM when Anwar Ibrahim was arrested by ISA in 1974 following the issue of famine in Baling. The important figures of ABIM were Ustaz Wahab Zakaria, Ustaz Abdul Ghani Abdul Rahman, Ustaz Abdul Ghani Shamsuddin and Syed Ibrahim Syed Abdul Rahman.
Politics
He started contesting in the 1978 Malaysian general election against Datuk Senu Abdul Rahman but lost. In that year, PAS was defeated in Kelantan, ruled since 1959. Mohd Natsir urged Muslims to bridge the congregation for the cause of Islam. He became the PAS President of the Kuala Kedah area and the Kedah PAS State Liaison Member. In 1980, he competed in the Anak Bukit state Assembly following the death of the elected representatives. In 1982 he won by defeating Barisan Nasional, Haji Safirol Haji Hasim and independent candidate Mohd Mokhtar Abdullah with a majority of 346 votes, 1986 won with a majority of 2,215 votes defeating BN candidate Ahmad Zakuan Haji Ahmad, 1990 defeating BN candidate Dato Syed Mansor Barakbah with a majority 1,829 and in the 1995 Malaysian general election defeated BN candidate Fadzil Hanafi with a majority of 2,414. In 1999 Malaysian general election, Ustaz Fadzil recorded two victories. In Parliament, he defeated former Parliamentary Secretary in the Prime Minister's Department, Dato Othman Abdul (BN candidate) in Pendang. Fadzil Noor received 22,413 votes compared to 19,474 votes by Othman. This victory is very sweet to PAS because it is the history of PAS winning the biggest in winning the parliamentary seat (winning 27 parliamentary seats).
In the Anak Bukit constituency, he received 8,480 votes in defeating BN candidate, Dato 'Abdullah Hasnan Kamaruddin who received 6,640 votes. The Anak Bukit state constituency is a new constituency which is broken down through the delineation of the constituencies and luck has been favored by Ustaz Fadzil while Mohamad Sabu has won the Kuala Kedah parliament.
In 1981, he was elected as Vice President of PAS (1981-1982) and subsequently Deputy President in 1983. The Memali and Events of Lubuk Merbau occurred in 1985. On March 30, 1989 he was elected as President of PAS after the retirement of Tuan Guru Haji Yusof Rawa.
In the same year (1999), he was appointed Opposition Leader succeeding Lim Kit Siang who lost the general election.
Motion
In 1998, he was appointed as Gerakan Chairman (Gerakan Keadilan Rakyat Malaysia). The move was set up by PAS, DAP and the Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM) and was participated by 15 non-governmental organizations and individuals to uphold justice after the sacking and detention of Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim.
Recapture Kelantan and Terengganu
The outcome of PAS's cooperation with Semangat 46 and formed the Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah in 1989, PAS succeeded in winning the majority of seats in Kelantan state and PAS rebuilt in Kelantan in 1990 since the defeat in 1977.
In 1999, PAS set up an Barisan Alternatif with Keadilan and succeeded in regaining Terengganu missed in 1964. His ABIM partner, Tuan Guru Abdul Hadi Awang was appointed Menteri Besar of Terengganu.
Death
He received treatment after a heart bypass surgery on 10 June 2002. Prior to that he was admitted to Kuala Terengganu Hospital for complaining of chest pain. He died on 23 June 2002 at the Intensive Care Unit, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Hospital following a heart attack at 10.30am. His remains were flown by Hercules aircraft from Selangor to Kedah.
The body of Ustaz Fadzil Noor was buried in the madrasah at his birthplace in Madrasah Darul Ulum, Pokok Sena, Kedah in accordance with his will. At the time of his funeral, thousands of people are present to give him his last respects so that every one who came to scramble to lift his body until the road was crowded up to 20 km.
Words
"...kalau boleh saya tak nak berhenti bercakap sebab saya berucap dengan orang yang saya kasihi dan saya sayang!" - Spoken by Almarhum Ustaz Fadzil Mohd Noor during the closing of the 48th PAS Convocation, the last congress before he breathed his last
Election results
| Year | Constituency | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1978 | Kuala Kedah | Fadzil Noor (PAS) | 14,028 | 47.97% | Senu Abdul Rahman (UMNO) | 14,907 | 50.98% | 29,243 | 879 | |||
| Yaacob @ Salleh Abdullah (IND) | 337 | 1.41% | ||||||||||
| 1982 | Ulu Muda | Fadzil Noor (PAS) | 11,711 | 43.40% | Hashim Endut (UMNO) | 15,271 | 56.60% | 27,803 | 3,560 | 81.29% | ||
| 1986 | Kuala Kedah | Fadzil Noor (PAS) | 14,035 | 46.74% | Mohammad Abu Bakar Rautin Ibrahim (UMNO) | 15,992 | 53.26% | 30,775 | 1,957 | 72.13% | ||
| 1990 | Pendang | Fadzil Noor (PAS) | 17,349 | 45.77% | Othman Abdul (UMNO) | 20,554 | 54.23% | 38,768 | 3,205 | 82.57% | ||
| 1995 | Kuala Kedah | Fadzil Noor (PAS) | 19,223 | 46.40% | Zakaria Mohd Said (UMNO) | 22,209 | 53.60% | 42,612 | 2,986 | 74.23% | ||
| 1999 | Pendang | Fadzil Noor (PAS) | 22,413 | 53.51% | Othman Abdul (UMNO) | 19,474 | 46.49% | 43,292 | 2,939 | 81.08% | ||
| Year | Constituency | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1982 | Bukit Raya | Fadzil Noor (PAS) | % | Haji Safirol Haji Hasim (UMNO) | % | 346 | % | |||||
| Mohd Mokhtar Abdullah (IND) | % | |||||||||||
| 1986 | Fadzil Noor (PAS) | % | Ahmad Zakuan Haji Ahmad (UMNO) | % | 2,215 | % | ||||||
| 1990 | Fadzil Noor (PAS) | % | Syed Mansor Barakbah (UMNO) | % | 1,829 | % | ||||||
| 1995 | Fadzil Noor (PAS) | % | Fadzil Hanafi (UMNO) | % | 2,414 | % | ||||||
| 1999 | Anak Bukit | Fadzil Noor (PAS) | 8,480 | % | Abdullah Hasnan Kamaruddin (UMNO) | 6,640 | % | 1,840 | % | |||
References
- ^ "Islam and Violence in Malaysia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2007. Retrieved 8 May 2008.
- ^ Stark, Jan. "Constructing an Islamic Model in Two Malaysian States: PAS Rule in Kelantan and Terengganu". SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia (April 2004) – via Questia.
- ^ Liow, Joseph Chinyong (2009). Piety and Politics: Islamism in Contemporary Malaysia. Oxford University Press. p. 76 – via Questia.
- ^ Ahmad Fauzi Abdul Hamid (2006). "5". In Saw Swee-Hock (ed.). Malaysia: Recent Trends and Challenges. K. Kesavapany. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 110 – via Questia.
- ^ "The Passing of Datuk Fadzil Noor, a Great Malaysian". Aliran Monthly. Archived from the original on 6 June 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
- ^ Liow, Joseph Chinyong (2009). Piety and Politics: Islamism in Contemporary Malaysia. Oxford University Press. p. 77 – via Questia.
- ^ Liew Chin Tong (1 January 2007). "PAS LEADERSHIP: New Faces and Old Constraints". Southeast Asian Affairs – via Questia.
- ^ "Fadzil Noor, a Malaysian Islamist, Dies at 65". The New York Times. 25 June 2002. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
- ^ "Death of PAS leader leaves party facing difficult decisions - Media Monitors Network (MMN)". Media Monitors Network (MMN). 8 July 2002. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
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